scholarly journals Assessing the Current Situation of the World Wheat Market Leadership: Using the Semi-Parametric Approach

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Osama Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Futures Markets ◽  
Price Discovery ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Dynamic Copula ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Leadership

This paper examines the world wheat market leadership using price discovery occurring in wheat futures markets of the United States (U.S.) and Europe. An error correction model (ECM) generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH), and semi-parametric dynamic copula methods are used for this purpose. The results indicate a positive link between U.S. and Europe price discovery which is stronger, fluctuating less after August 2010 because of a drought occurring in the Black Sea region, and then lessens, fluctuating more after 2015 with the changing wheat trade map. Furthermore, after 2015, wheat market leadership moved from the U.S. to the European market, meaning price discovery is primarily located by the Marché à Terme International de France (MATIF) futures market.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES FOR THE WHEAT MARKET IN THE BLACK SEA REGION UNDER CОVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desislava Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Financial Recession

Under COVID-19, the world is facing unclear circumstances as a result of the global political, economic, social and financial recession caused by the pandemic. The overpopulation of certain regions as a result of globalization leads to problems related to the nutrition of the population and food security. The Black Sea region, with its strategic location, is an essential market both for the production and for the supply of raw materials to the regions affected by poverty and also for the international grain trade and in particular for the wheat. The report presents the main trends in the wheat market within the Black Sea region and argues the problems and challenges, which the grain trade is facing after the beginning of the COVID- 19 pandemic.

CRIMEA AND THE BLACK SEA REGION IN THE POLITICAL PICTURE OF THE WORLD OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES OF UKRAINE EXPERTS (BASED ON ANALYTICAL REPORTS TO THE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGES TO THE VERKHOVNA RADA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
OLEG V. Donetsk National University ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Political ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Studies

Basing on a constructivist approach to international relations and foreign policy, the author has defined the conceptual content of the script, in which the experts of the Ukrainian National Institute for Strategic Studies imagine Crimea and the Black Sea region. The study was carried out on the basis of the materials of the Institute's analytical reports to the messages of the President to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 2014-2018. It was found that the ideas about Crimea contained in them are extremely mythologized: in the political picture of the world of the Institute's experts, the peninsula is considered as a “Russian bridgehead”, a source of “military threat" and an "occupied territory". Ukrainian experts are convinced that the motives of Russia's foreign and defense policy in the Black Sea direction are allegedly due to its desire for "expansion", "imperial policy" and the desire to "restore the Soviet Union." They perceive the reunification of Crimea with Russia as an event that led to a cardinal transformation of the geopolitical space of the Black Sea region that contradicts Ukrainian national interests. At the same time, on rational grounds, the institute is actively searching for conceptual approaches to organizing a new regional security system and creating a long-term, broad and durable alliance of anti-Russian forces, which could act as a NATO parallel structure in the Black Sea region in the future. Moreover, Ukrainian experts do not have any own geopolitical project or idea on this. They are considering several options for regional coalitions at once, paying special attention to the Polish concept of "Intermarium", which consists in creating a block of Baltic-Black Sea states.

Legal and Economic Consequences of Russia's Expansionary Policy

2022 ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Giga Abuseridze ◽  
Janis Grasis
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the recent history of the world, especially in the last two decades, large-scale military actions by Russia and Russian intervention have attracted wide international attention. Russia's increasingly confrontational stance has been manifested in military interventions in Georgia (2008) and in Ukraine (2014). The occupation/annexation of the territories of Georgia and Ukraine by the Russian Federation is a gross violation of the principle of sovereignty and territorial integrity of a country, as well as of the norms and principles of international law, that have significantly changed the international order established between the states and called into question the security of the Black Sea region and Europe as a whole. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a legal analysis of Russia's aggressive policy and the economic consequences of Ukraine and Georgia as aggrieved parties.

scholarly journals The Problem of Illegal Emigration of the Mennonites of the Black Sea Region in the 1920s-1930s (According to the Memoirs of the Families A. Herman and M. Reuter)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
O.Y. Redkinа ◽  
T.P. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Far East

The article discusses the causes of illegal emigration of the Mennonites from the Black Sea region, identifies the main routes and shows the role of Mennonite mutual aid in the implementation in the 1920s-1930s. Mennonite memoirs show that the main causes of emigration were repressions against the wealthy layers of the village, the anti-religious struggle that affected wide circles of Mennonites. Young Mennonites suffered from the inability to obtain a higher or secondary specialized education, while maintaining their religious beliefs; they were afraid to be arrested as members of the families of the anti-Soviet element. The main routes of illegal emigration passed through the western regions of Russia to the Baltic countries, to Poland and Germany; through Central Asia to China, through Transcaucasia to Turkey and Iran, through the Far East to China and further to the countries of North and South America, to Germany. The Far East was the most successful channel of illegal mass emigration in the region of Blagoveshchensk, where refugees were supported by local Mennonite communities, the Harbin Refugee Assistance Committee, Protestant missionaries, the German consulate in China, and co-religionists in the United States and Canada. Mutual assistance at the interpersonal level, as well as between relatives and communities in different regions, continued to play the role of an effective support mechanism, maintaining ties within the Mennonite community.

scholarly journals Dynamic price relationships and price discovery among cheese markets

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hernan A. Tejeda ◽  
Man-Keun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Price Discovery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Dynamic Price ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Price Relationship ◽  
Price Relationships

The United States (U.S.) cheese sector has been steadily growing throughout the years. Since 1980, U.S. consumers have doubled their annual consumption of cheese, currently at about 37.9 lbs. per capita in 2018 excluding cottage cheese. Cheese varieties are generally classified as American type (Cheddar, Monterey and others), Italian type (Mozzarella and others), and Other type (Swiss, Muenster and others) since they serve different markets. American cheese is consumed regularly in hamburgers, sandwiches and in similar settings. Italian cheese is typically consumed in pizzas, pasta and Italian cuisine. Despite the burgeoning growth in cheese demand, there has been no study addressing the dynamic price relationship among different varieties of cheese. This study investigates the price discovery process among cheese varieties: Cheddar, Mozzarella, Swiss, Muenster, and Monterey by using a vector error correction model and standard innovation accounting. Results indicate relative price interaction among different varieties of cheese, providing empirical evidence of some decouplment or separation among American (Cheddar and Monterey), Italian (Mozzarella), and Other type (Swiss). An exemption is Muenster which despite being classified as Other type of cheese responds to American’s Cheddar.

scholarly journals Marketing Institutions in International Commodity Markets

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Market Share ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
The World

International markets for the majority of agricultural commodities are extremely complex. They include public and private traders along with influences from domestic and international government policies. In recent years, the United States has experienced a decline in the market share in two of its major agricultural exports—rice and wheat. For example, at one time the United States had roughly 45 percent of the world wheat market; but, by the end of 1985, its share had dropped below 40 percent. Also, in terms of rice, the United States market share has dropped from 25 percent to below 20 percent.

Phoma tracheiphila (Mal secco).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Phoma Tracheiphila ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
International Plant ◽  
Mal Secco

Abstract P. tracheiphila is a conidial fungus causing serious damage and death to the host, particularly lemon [Citrus limon], in Citrus and related genera, in Mediterranean countries and the Black Sea region. So far, however, it is unknown in Spain, Portugal and Morocco, as well as other major citrus-growing regions of the world. This fungus is of concern to many international plant protection organizations and must be prevented from being spread in infected propagative material. It was once reported as seedborne in lemon, but there is no further evidence of this means of transmission. Once in the orchard, the fungus can be carried as spores from pycnidia and from hyphae on the plant and on fallen debris by rain, wind and irrigation water, and perhaps by birds and insects.

scholarly journals Romanian naval dimplomacy, continuous evolution in the swirl of external diplomacy

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ioan Gabriel Moise ◽  
Edith-Hilde Kaiter
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Eu

From ancient times the dominion of the seas has been a condition for gaining power and influence, and the position of a state near a sea has been an advantage for both its development and the neighboring region.           Due to its geographical position, the Black Sea is a region of great importance for all actors claiming leading positions in the world hierarchy and the intensification of economic relations between the states of the region after the end of the Soviet monopoly and its connection to the world market generated auspices for a new cycle development and regional prosperity.         The relocation of the EU border to the Black Sea, along with the integration of Romania and Bulgaria, brings in many economic benefits, given its dependence on oil imports, but its expansion, like that of NATO, does not only mean benefits. The EU and NATO must also take on vulnerabilities in the area, such as underperforming economies, arms, drug and human trafficking, illegal immigration or frozen conflicts, and thus try to help stabilize the region. In recent years, the military has not only played a destabilizing role, but has made a decisive contribution to ensuring the security of the Black Sea region. In this sense, the military naval forces of the riparian countries, including Romania, had a special role. Through the wide range of missions in which the Romanian Naval Forces participate in the Danubian-Pontic space, both internally and externally, in cooperation with the states bordering the Black Sea and with the NATO member states, Romania contributes to the promotion of regional security and stability. The naval diplomacy actions carried out in the last thirty years thus reveal not only the role and purpose of the Romanian Naval Forces within NATO in the actions of maintaining and consolidating good relations with the states bordering the Black Sea, as well as maintaining security with allies in the distant maritime districts. They also point out that naval diplomacy has contributed to the expression of foreign policy in different areas and with means that have increased its effect, impact and efficiency.  

A Low Dishonest Decade

Aftershocks ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seva Gunitsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Liberal Capitalism

This chapter examines the crisis of liberal capitalism and the fascist cascade of the late interwar period. A wave of fascism that swept the world after 1933, which was the result of a growing disparity in relative power between the declining democratic powers—Britain, France, and especially the United States—and their vibrant nondemocratic rivals, led by Nazi Germany. During these years, fascist institutions penetrated the governments of many self-proclaimed authoritarians but also left a lasting legacy on the structure of modern democratic regimes. At its height in the summer of 1942, the fascist order—fascist states, their fellow travelers, occupied territories, colonies, satellites, and puppets—included nearly half the world's population, stretching from the Bay of Biscay to the Black Sea.

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