scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Thermal Damage of Granite Subjected to Heating and Cooling

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 3027
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Tubing Yin ◽  
Xibing Li ◽  
Ronghua Shu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer

Rock mass is frequently subjected to rapid cooling in geothermal reservoir during water injection and reinjection. In this paper, to understand the effects of cooling treatments on heated granite, heat conduction tests, magnetic resonance imaging tests and numerical investigations were carried out to evaluate variations of thermal damage. The test results reveal that the heat flux and the heat transfer coefficient increases to a maximum within a few seconds and then gradually decreases. The maximum heat transfer coefficient of the samples treated with the initial temperature of 500, 400, 300, 200 and 100 °C is 2.3, 2.15, 1.9, 1.22 and 1.86 W·m−2K−1, respectively. The edge area with drastic temperature changes is accompanied by the densely distributed microcracks; in contrast, the internal cracks of the specimen with gentle temperature are relatively sparse. The thermal damage contributed by the heating cracks occurs at a continuous decrease, and the thermal damage contributed by cooling occurs at a continuous increase, with the increasing heating temperature. The damage caused by heating is the result of the uneven thermal expansion of the local particles, the propagation of cooling cracks is strongly affected by heating cracks, and stress concentration induced by thermal shock promotes the coalescence of the pre-existing heating cracks.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer with Sodium Oleate

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
KM Tanvir Ahmmed ◽  
Sultana Razia Syeda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Sodium Oleate ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Pool Boiling ◽  
Nucleate Pool Boiling ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer

In this study saturated nucleate pool boiling of water with sodium oleate surfactant on a horizontal cylindrical heater surface has been investigated experimentally and compared with that of demineralized water. The concentration of sodium oleate in water was 100-300 ppm. The experimental results show that a small amount of surfactant enhances the heat transfer coefficient significantly. At low surfactant concentrations, heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing surfactant concentration in water. The maximum heat transfer enhancement is found to be at 250 ppm of sodium oleate solution. By adding more surfactant to water, heat transfer coefficient is found to be lowered. Surface tension of different concentration of sodium oleate solutions is measured. It is observed that the maximum heat transfer coefficient is obtained at a surfactant concentration that corresponds to the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the sodium oleate solution.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 44-48

scholarly journals Comparison of heat transfer performance of ZnO-PG, α-Al2O3-PG, and γ-Al2O3-PG nanofluids in car radiator

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 184798041987646 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoRong Zhou ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Haozhong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

In this study, the cooling performance of nanofluids in car radiators was investigated. A car radiator, temperature measuring instrument, and other components were used to set up the experimental device, and the temperature of nanofluids passing through the radiator was measured by this device. Three kinds of nanoparticles, γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3, and ZnO, were added to propylene glycol to prepared nanofluids, and the effects of nanoparticle size and type, volume concentration, initial temperature, and flow rate were tested. The results indicated that the heat transfer coefficients of all nanofluids first increased and then decreased with an increase in volume concentration. The ZnO-propylene glycol nanofluid reached a maximum heat transfer coefficient at 0.3 vol%, and the coefficient decreased by 25.6% with an increase in volume concentration from 0.3 vol% to 0.5 vol%. Smaller particles provided a better cooling performance, and the 0.1 vol% γ-Al2O3-propylene glycol nanofluid had a 19.9% increase in heat transfer coefficient compared with that of α-Al2O3-propylene glycol. An increase in flow rate resulted in a 10.5% increase in the heat transfer coefficient of the 0.5 vol% α-Al2O3-propylene glycol nanofluid. In addition, the experimental temperature range of 40–60°C improved the heat transfer coefficient of the 0.2 vol% ZnO-propylene glycol nanofluid by 46.4%.

scholarly journals Thermal performance prediction of heat pipe with TiO2 nanofluids using RSM

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Reddy ◽  
Srinivasa Bayyapureddy Reddy ◽  
Kakumani Govindarajulu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer

Heat pipe is a two phase heat transfer device with high effective thermal conductivity and transfer huge amount of heat with minimum temperature gradient in between evaporator and condenser section. This paper objective is to predict the thermal performance in terms of thermal resistance (R) and heat transfer coefficient (h) of screen mesh wick heat pipe with DI water-TiO2 as working fluid. The input process parameters of heat pipe such as heat load (Q), tilt angle (?) and concentration of nanofluid (?) were modeled and optimized by utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with MiniTab-17 software to attain minimum thermal resistance and maximum heat transfer coefficient. The minimum thermal resistance of 0.1764 0C/W and maximum heat transfer coefficient of 1411.52 W/m2 0C was obtained under the optimized conditions of 200 W heat load, 57.20 tilt angle and 0.159 vol. % concentration of nano-fluid.

Heat transfer characterization under radial jet and falling film induced rewetting

Kerntechnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
D. Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Falling Film ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer ◽  
Fuel Pin

Abstract Empirical correlations are developed for rewetting velocity and maximum heat transfer coefficient during rewetting phase of single hot vertical Fuel Pin Simulator (FPS) by using radial jet impingement and falling film. Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) has been designed for Advance Heavy water Reactor (AHWR) to rewet the hot fuel pin under the loss of coolant accident. Coolant injection takes place from a water rod which is located at the center of the fuel bundle in form of jets to rewet hot surface of fuel pin under loss of coolant accident. This kind of design to reflood the fuel bundle is different than bottom and top spray reflooding practiced in PWR and BWR type of nuclear reactors. There are two different kinds of rewetting found during radial jet induced cooling. The first one is due to radial jet impingement and the second one is due to falling film which is below the jet impingement point. Rewetting velocity has been predicted along the length of fuel pin due to radial jet impingement cooling. Temperature of FPS has been varied from 400°C to 700°C with help of different powers supply, simulating decay heat of reactor. A variation of coolant radial jet mass flow rate is from 0.5 lpm to 1.8 lpm. It is considered during ECCS injection. It has been observed from the experiments that rewetting velocity decreases with increasing the clad surface temperature and increases with increasing the coolant mass flow rate. The rewetting velocity in falling film is found to be nearly 1.8 times higher than rewetting velocity predicted in circumferential direction. Further, it is found that maximum heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing the radial jet coolant mass flow rate. The maximum heat transfer coefficient in case of radial jet impingement is found to be nearly 1.5 times the falling film rewetting. Developed correlation predicts the maximum heat transfer coefficient with experimental data well within the error band of ±10%.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer between an Individual Carbon Nanotube and Gas Environment in a Wide Knudsen Number Regime

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Dong Wang ◽  
Jin-Hui Liu ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Tian-Yi Li ◽  
Ru-Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer ◽  
Efficient Prediction ◽  
Gas Environment

Applications of carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene in thermal management have recently attracted significant attention. However, the lack of efficient prediction formula for heat transfer coefficient between nanomaterials and gas environment limits the further development of this technique. In this work, a kinetic model has been established to predict the heat transfer coefficient of an individual CNT in gas environment. The heat dissipation around the CNT is governed by molecular collisions, and outside the collision layer, the heat conduction is dominant. At nanoscales, the natural convection can be neglected. In order to describe the intermolecular collisions around the CNT quantitatively, a correction factor 1/24 is introduced and agrees well with the experimental observation. The prediction of the present model is in good agreement with our experimental results in free molecular regime. Further, a maximum heat transfer coefficient occurs at a critical diameter of several nanometers, providing guidelines on the practical design of CNT-based heat spreaders.

An Exploration of Transport Within Microdroplet and Nanodroplet Clusters During Dropwise Condensation of Water on Nanostructured Surfaces

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Mendoza ◽  
Sara Beaini ◽  
Van P. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dropwise Condensation ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Nanostructured Surfaces ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer ◽  
The Impact

Experimental studies of dropwise condensation have generally indicated that higher heat transfer coefficients correspond to smaller mean sizes for droplets growing through condensation on the surface. Recent investigations of dropwise condensation on nanostructured surfaces suggest that optimizing the design of such surfaces can push mean droplet sizes down to smaller values and significantly enhance heat transfer. This paper summarizes a theoretical exploration of the limits of heat transfer enhancement that can be achieved by pushing mean droplet size to progressively smaller sizes. A model analysis is developed that predicts transport near clusters of water droplets undergoing dropwise condensation. The model accounts for interfacial tension effects on thermodynamic equilibrium and noncontinuum transport effects, which become increasingly important as droplet size becomes progressively smaller. In this investigation, the variation of condensing heat transfer coefficient for droplet clusters of different sizes was explored for droplet diameters ranging from hundreds of microns to tens of nanometers. The model predictions indicate that the larger droplet transport trend of increasing heat transfer coefficient with decreasing mean droplet size breaks down as droplet size becomes smaller. The model further predicts that as drop size becomes smaller, a peak heat transfer coefficient is reached, beyond which the coefficient drops as the size continues to diminish. This maximum heat transfer coefficient results from the increasing importance of surface tension effects and noncontinuum effects as droplet size becomes smaller. The impact of these predictions on the interpretation of dropwise condensation heat transfer data, and the implications for design of nanostructured surfaces to enhance dropwise condensation are discussed in detail.

Cooling Performances of Perforated-Finned Heat Sinks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Shaeri ◽  
Bradley Richard ◽  
Richard Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer

Cooling performances of perforated-finned heat sinks (PFHS) are investigated in the laminar forced convection heat transfer mode, through detailed experiments. Perforations like windows with square cross sections are placed on the lateral surfaces of the fins. Cooling performances are evaluated due to changes in both porosities and perforation sizes. Thermal characteristics are reported based on pumping power, in order to provide more practical insight about performances of PFHSs in real applications. It is found that at a constant perforation size, there is an optimum porosity that results in the largest heat transfer coefficient. For a fixed porosity, increasing the number of perforations (reducing the perforation size) results in an enhancement of heat transfer rate due to repeated interruption of the thermal boundary layer. The opposite trend is observed for PFHSs with larger perforation sizes. This indicates that there is an optimum perforation size and distance between perforations in order to achieve the maximum heat transfer coefficients at a constant porosity. Also, a PFHS results in a smaller temperature non-uniformity across the heat sink base, as well as a more rapid reduction in temperature non-uniformity on the heat sink base by increasing pumping power. In addition, the advantage of a PFHS to reduce the overall weight of the cooling system is incorporated into thermal characteristics of the heat sinks, and demonstrated by the mass specific heat transfer coefficient.

Heat Transfer to Water-Oxygen Mixtures at High Pressure

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Rogak ◽  
S. Boskovic ◽  
D. Faraji
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Water Oxygen ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer

The constant pressure heat capacity and forced convection heat transfer coefficient was measured in a horizontal, smooth, electrically-heated tube. For the supercritical pressures considered, flow rates and temperatures (330–430 °C), the flow in the 6.2 mm ID tube was fully turbulent. The fluid was distilled water and up to 9 wt% oxygen. This mixture and the experimental conditions are found in supercritical water oxidation systems. At subcritical temperatures, the oxygen and water are almost immiscible, but just below the critical temperature, the fluid becomes single-phase. By measuring bulk and surface temperatures, knowing the mass and heat flux, both the heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient could be measured. The water-oxygen system is a highly non-ideal mixture, and small amounts of oxygen significantly reduce the temperature at which maximum heat transfer occurs. The changes in heat capacity appear to dominate the effect of oxygen on heat transfer, however, the mixtures do exhibit heat transfer deterioration at slightly subcritical temperatures, at flows and heat fluxes for which pure water shows nothing similar.

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