scholarly journals Functional Characterization and Evolutionary Analysis of Glycine-Betaine Biosynthesis Pathway in Red Seaweed Pyropia yezoensis

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxiang Mao ◽  
Nianci Chen ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Xiaowei Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Pyropia Yezoensis ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway

The red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis is an ideal research model for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying its robust acclimation to abiotic stresses in intertidal zones. Glycine betaine (GB) was an important osmolyte in maintaining osmotic balance and stabilizing the quaternary structure of complex proteins under abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, etc.) in plants, animals, and bacteria. However, the existence and possible functions of GB in Pyropia remain elusive. In this study, we observed the rapid accumulation of GB in desiccated Pyropia blades, identifying its essential roles in protecting Pyropia cells against severe osmotic stress. Based on the available genomic and transcriptomic information of Pyropia, we computationally identified genes encoding the three key enzymes in the GB biosynthesis pathway: phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMT), choline dehydrogenase (CDH), and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). Pyropia had an extraordinarily expanded gene copy number of CDH (up to seven) compared to other red algae. Phylogeny analysis revealed that in addition to the one conservative CDH in red algae, the other six might have originated from early gene duplication events. In dehydration stress, multiple CDH paralogs and PEAMT genes were coordinating up-regulated and shunted metabolic flux into GB biosynthesis. An elaborate molecular mechanism might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Profiling of a Red Seaweed Pyropia yezoensis: Insights into Biosynthetic Pathways in the Order Bangiales

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Koizumi ◽  
Naoki Takatani ◽  
Noritoki Kobayashi ◽  
Koji Mikami ◽  
Kazuo Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pyropia Yezoensis ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids are natural pigments that contribute to light harvesting and photo-protection in photosynthetic organisms. In this study, we analyzed the carotenoid profiles, including mono-hydroxy and epoxy-carotenoids, in the economically valuable red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis, to clarify the detailed biosynthetic and metabolic pathways in the order Bangiales. P. yezoensis contained lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene, as major carotenoids in both the thallus and conchocelis stages. Monohydroxy intermediate carotenoids for the synthesis of lutein with an ε-ring from α-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin (β,ε-caroten-3’-ol), and zeinoxanthin (β,ε-caroten-3-ol) were identified. In addition, β-cryptoxanthin, an intermediate in zeaxanthin synthesis from β-carotene, was also detected. We also identified lutein-5,6-epoxide and antheraxanthin, which are metabolic products of epoxy conversion from lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, by LC-MS and 1H-NMR. This is the first report of monohydroxy-carotenoids with an ε-ring and 5,6-epoxy-carotenoids in Bangiales. These results provide new insights into the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of carotenoids in red seaweeds.

scholarly journals A unique life cycle transition in the red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis depends on apospory

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Mikami ◽  
Chengze Li ◽  
Ryunosuke Irie ◽  
Yoichiro Hama
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pyropia Yezoensis ◽  
Red Seaweed

Abiotic stresses alter expression of S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase gene, polyamines and antioxidant activity in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Mahatma ◽  
Nidhi Radadiya ◽  
Vipul B. Parekh ◽  
Bhavika Dobariya ◽  
Lalit Mahatma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Synthetase

Expression of S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) gene in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) was analyzed by qRT PCR during abiotic stresses viz., drought, heavy metal (CdCl2) and cold. Maximum expression of SAMS gene in the leaves were observed at 3 days after drought stress with 15% PEG. Conversely, its expression was not detected in leaves and roots at cadmium stress but transcripts were down regulated as compared to the control. After 6 days of stress expression of SAMS gene was increased in leaves and roots as compared to the control but it was lower than its expression at 3 days after stress. The activities of antioxidative enzymes like glutathione reductase, glutathione-s-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase and metabolite constituents like polyamines and glycine betaine were also analyzed. The activities of antioxidative enzymes and concentration of glycine betaine showed remarkable increase in response to all stresses, except ascorbate peroxidase in heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Complete Sequence and Analysis of Plastid Genomes of Two Economically Important Red Algae: Pyropia haitanensis and Pyropia yezoensis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e65902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Yunxiang Mao ◽  
Fanna Kong ◽  
Guiyang Li ◽  
Fei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Pyropia Yezoensis ◽  
Pyropia Haitanensis ◽  
Plastid Genomes

scholarly journals Betaine biosynthesis in a heterologous expression system based on the B12 producer Pseudomonas denitrificans

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02047
Author(s):  
Yuri Shkryl ◽  
Anton Degtyarenko ◽  
Valeria Grigorchuk ◽  
Larisa Balabanova ◽  
Lyudmila Tekutyeva
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Heterologous Expression System ◽  
Pseudomonas Denitrificans ◽  
Industrial Strains ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Glycine betaine is an important donor of methyl groups in various metabolic processes of the cell and acts as an osmoprotector when exposed to various abiotic stresses in pro- and eukaryotic organisms. Moreover, exogenous application of betaine activates the production of vitamin B12 in industrial strains-producers. In this work, we have developed a new technology for microbiological betaine synthesis that can be used in biotechnology to activate B12 biosynthesis during large-scale fermentation of Pseudomonas denitrificans.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Profile of Glycine Betaine Accumulation in Plants Under Abiotic Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Annunziata ◽  
Loredana Filomena Ciarmiello ◽  
Pasqualina Woodrow ◽  
Emilia Dell’Aversana ◽  
Petronia Carillo
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Temporal Profile

Cloning and molecular characterization of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the biosynthesis of glycine betaine in white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei )

2017 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
María F. Delgado-Gaytán ◽  
Jesús A. Rosas-Rodríguez ◽  
Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia ◽  
Ciria G. Figueroa-Soto ◽  
Elisa M. Valenzuela-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Betaine Aldehyde
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