scholarly journals Understanding the Performance of a Novel Direct Compression Excipient Comprising Roller Compacted Chitin

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeb Abu Fara ◽  
Linda Al-Hmoud ◽  
Iyad Rashid ◽  
Babur Z. Chowdhry ◽  
Adnan Badwan
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Roller Compaction ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Hand Drying ◽  
Slight Deformation

Chitin has been investigated in the context of finding new excipients suitable for direct compression, when subjected to roller compaction. Ball milling was concurrently carried out to compare effects from different energy or stress-inducing techniques. Samples of chitin powders (raw, processed, dried and humidified) were compared for variations in morphology, X-ray diffraction patterns, densities, FT-IR, flowability, compressibility and compactibility. Results confirmed the suitability of roller compaction to convert the fluffy powder of raw chitin to a bulky material with improved flow. X-ray powder diffraction studies showed that, in contrast to the high decrease in crystallinity upon ball milling, roller compaction manifested a slight deformation in the crystal lattice. Moreover, the new excipient showed high resistance to compression, due to the high compactibility of the granules formed. This was correlated to the significant extent of plastic deformation compared to the raw and ball milled forms of chitin. On the other hand, drying and humidification of raw and processed materials presented no added value to the compressibility and compactibility of the directly compressed excipient. Finally, compacted chitin showed direct compression similarity with microcrystalline cellulose when formulated with metronidazole (200 mg) without affecting the immediate drug release action of the drug.

Ball-Milling Stimulated Mechanochemical Processes in the System “Titanium-Toluene”

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga M. Kanunnikova ◽  
V.V. Aksenova ◽  
G.A. Dorofeev
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The present work deals with the investigation of the transformations of the solid and liquid phases at high energy planetary ball milling of toluene together with titanium powder. The sequence of structural toluene transformations using FT-IR spectroscopy was investigated. Phase constitutions and morphology of ball milled titanium powders were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that mechanically induced destruction of toluene occurs by the mechanism of catalytic cracking. During ball milling, concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in the liquid phase decreases, at the same time the content of alkenes, cycloalkanes, and isoalkanes increases. The main solid products of the mechanosynthesis were cubic and hexagonal titanium carbo-hydrides.Evolution of lattice parameters, crystallites sizes, and micro-stresses of the solid phases during ball milling as a function of the mechanical energy dose have been discussed.

scholarly journals Construction of a crossed-layer-structure MoS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic performance

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 6131-6139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youzhi Cao ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A novel crossed-layer-structure MoS2/g-C3N4 (graphitic carbon nitride) was synthesized by a facile method, and was characterized by a collection of analytical techniques: X-ray diffraction patterns, FT-IR spectra, SEM, TEM, and XPS.

scholarly journals Sardine Scales: A Promising Source of Marine Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3954-3960
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Promising Source

The current paper highlighted the physicochemical characteristics of sardine scales (S.pilchardus), which are considered hitherto as solid marine litter despite their richness on biomaterials of high added value. The collected fish scales were washed thoroughly, dried, and grounded into a powder. The prepared samples were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The findings of (FT-IR); (XRD); and (EDS) show that sardine scales contain both organic and inorganic phases. The (SEM) analysis has revealed that sardine scales have a porous and fibrous structure. The physicochemical results confirm that S.pilchardus scales are a pioneering source of marine biomaterials.

scholarly journals Reciprocal Powered Time model for Release Kinetic Analysis of Ibuprofen Solid Dispersions in Oleaster Powder, Microcrystalline Cellulose and Crospovidone

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghobad Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali ◽  
Hadi Valizadeh ◽  
Hossein Nazemiyeh ◽  
Azim Barzegar-Jalali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Release Kinetic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Release Data ◽  
Dsc Thermograms

ABSTRACT- Purpose. A physically sound derivation for reciprocal power time (RPT) model for kinetic of drug release is given. In order to enhance ibuprofen dissolution, its solid dispersions (SDs) prepared by cogrinding technique using crospovidone (CP), microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and oleaster powder (OP) as a novel carrier and the model applied to the drug release data. Methods. The drug cogrounds with the carriers were prepared and subjected to the dissolution studies. For elucidation of observed in vitro differences, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, DSC thermograms and laser particle size measurement were conducted. Results. All drug release data fitted very well to newly derived RPT model. The efficiency of the carriers for dissolution enhancement was in the order of: CP>OP>MC. The corresponding release kinetic parameter derived from the model, t50% (time required for 50% dissolution) for the carrier to drug ratio 2:1 were 2.7, 10.2 and 12.6 min, respectively. The efficiency of novel carrier, OP, was between CP and MC. FT-IR showed no interaction between the carriers and drug. The DSC thermograms and X-ray diffraction patterns revealed a slight reduced crystallinty in the SDs. Also grinding reduced mean particle size of drug from 150.7 to 44.4 µm. Conclusion. An improved derivation for RPT model was provided which the parameter of the model, t50%, unlike to previous derivations was related to the most important property of the drug i.e. its solubility. The model described very well drug release kinetics from the solid dispersions. Cogrinding was an effective technique in enhancing dissolution rate of ibuprofen. Elaeagnus angostifolia fruit powder was suggested as a novel potential hydrophilic carrier in preparing solid dispersion of ibuprofen.

Mechanochemical Processes in the System “Titanium - Heptane” during Ball Milling

2020 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
pp. 532-536
Author(s):  
Olga M. Kanunnikova ◽  
V.V. Aksenova ◽  
G.A. Dorofeev
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The transformations of the solid and liquid phases at high energy planetary ball milling of heptane together with titanium powder were investigated. The sequence of structural heptane transformations using UV-and FT-IR spectroscopy was investigated. Phase constitutions of ball milled titanium powders were studied by X-ray diffraction. It is shown that mechanically induced destruction of heptane occurs by the mechanism of catalytic cracking. The main solid products of the mechanosynthesis were hexagonal (HCP) and cubic (FCC) titanium carbohydrides. Evolution of lattice parameters, crystallite sizes, and micro-stresses of the solid phases during ball milling as a function of the ball milling time have been discussed.

scholarly journals A molecular inclusion complex of atenolol with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: The production and characterization thereof

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 737-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Nikolic ◽  
Ljubisa Nikolic ◽  
Mihajlo Stankovic ◽  
Agnes Kapor ◽  
Mirjana Popsavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecular Inclusion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The molecular inclusion complex of atenolol with 2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The complex obtained was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, as well as by DSC and X-ray diffraction analysis. The DSC analysis confirmed the existence of the complex with the endothermic atenolol melting peak at about 155?C disappearing. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the complex and 2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin were very similar, thus confirming the complete inclusion of the atenolol molecule within the cavity of the 2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin. The peaks originating from atenolol were completely absent in the diffractogram of the complex. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra showed certain changes in the chemical shifts of protons and C atoms from atenolol and 2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin, indicating that a complex had been formed and also which protons participated in the hydrogen bonds which formed the complex. The atenolol solubility in water was improved (254 mg complex cm-3, i.e., 37.5 mg atenolol cm-3), and in pH 3 HCl solution (251 mg complex cm-3, i.e., 37 mg atenolol cm-3) when compared to pure atenolol, and even when compared to the atenolol complex with ?-cyclodextrin. The increased solubility ensures greater bioavailability of the active component and, due to the low solubility, significantly corrects for the lack of the basic active substance and, simultaneously, increases its overall therapeutic effect, combined with reduced side effects. .

scholarly journals Insight in the Crystallization Kinetics of AlPO4-11 Molecular Sieve Using Di-Isopropylamine as Template

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6544
Author(s):  
Renilson O. Mapele ◽  
Antonio O. S. Silva ◽  
Marcelo J. B. Souza ◽  
Anne M. G. Pedrosa ◽  
Ana C. F. Coriolano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The hydrothermal synthesis of aluminophosphate molecular sieve type AlPO4-11 was processed from chemicals containing psueudobohemite, 85% phosphoric acid, water, and di-isopropylamine as templating agent. The crystallization of the samples was studied by taking samples in times from 2 to 74 h. The obtained white powder products were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DTG) data and pH measurement of the mother liquor. The pore volume, as determined from TG and DTG curves, was ca. 0.17 cm3g−1. The percent relative crystallinity was determined by XRD and FT-IR methods. The crystallization kinetics evidenced that the hydrothermal synthesis of AlPO4-11 exhibited in its initial phase a behavior of first order reaction with a specific velocity constant of ca. 0.25 h−1, as determined from XRD and FT-IR data. The results obtained by both X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy are comparable, and FT-IR is found to be a rapid method for estimating crystallinity and structure of aluminophosphate.

Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Polymer-Grafted SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2314-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chang ◽  
Su Li Wu ◽  
Shu Fen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A polymer-grafted SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ (PG-SAO-ED) were synthesized by using a bi-functional ligand (3-allyl-2, 4-pentanedione, denoted as APD) as a bridge, which can coordinate with the unsaturated metal ions on the surface of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ (SAO-ED) at one end, and copolymerize with methyl methacrylate and styrene at the other end. The sample was analyzed by FT-IR and Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The PG-SAO-ED can well be applied in painting or ink, they have good miscibility with organics. The luminescent painting containing PG-SAO-ED has greatly higher water resistance than that containing SAO-ED.

Interactions of imidacloprid with organicand inorganic- exchanged smectites

Clay Minerals ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cox ◽  
M. C. Hermosin ◽  
W. C. Koskinen ◽  
J. Cornejo
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Alkyl Cations ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Alkylammonium Cation

AbstractSorption of the polar insecticide imidacloprid on organic-saturated octadecylammonium (C18) and dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DOD) and inorganic- (Fe- ) saturated Wyoming (W) and Arizona (A) montmorillonites has been investigated. Sorption isotherms were fitted to the Freundlich equation. Imidacloprid-montmorillonite complexes were studied by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR techniques. Imidacloprid sorption coefficients, Kf, decreased in the order WC18> AC18> WFe> WDOD≥ ADOD. The low layer charge and saturation by primary alkylammonium cation facilitates sorption of imidacloprid in the interlayer of the smectite, corroborated by the increase in basal spacing observed in X-ray diffraction patterns and by the presence of absorption band shifts in FT-IR spectra. Imidacloprid sorbs in the interlayer space of smectite mainly by hydrophobic interactions with the alkyl chains in organic smectites and with the uncharged siloxane surface in Fe(III)-smectite. Further polar bonds between the NO2 group of imidacloprid and the NH of the primary alkyl cations and protonation of imidacloprid in Fe-smectites enhanced sorption in these cases.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document