scholarly journals Marine Cyanobacteria and Microalgae Metabolites—A Rich Source of Potential Anticancer Drugs

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Arijit Mondal ◽  
Sankhadip Bose ◽  
Sabyasachi Banerjee ◽  
Jayanta Kumar Patra ◽  
Jai Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Action Current ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Metabolites ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cancer is at present one of the utmost deadly diseases worldwide. Past efforts in cancer research have focused on natural medicinal products. Over the past decades, a great deal of initiatives was invested towards isolating and identifying new marine metabolites via pharmaceutical companies, and research institutions in general. Secondary marine metabolites are looked at as a favorable source of potentially new pharmaceutically active compounds, having a vast structural diversity and diverse biological activities; therefore, this is an astonishing source of potentially new anticancer therapy. This review contains an extensive critical discussion on the potential of marine microbial compounds and marine microalgae metabolites as anticancer drugs, highlighting their chemical structure and exploring the underlying mechanisms of action. Current limitation, challenges, and future research pathways were also presented.

scholarly journals Recognition and Work in the Platform Economy: a Normative Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Visser ◽  
Thomas C. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recognition Theory ◽  
Normative Reconstruction ◽  
Human Side ◽  
Platform Economy

AbstractThe rise of the platform economy in the past two decades (and neoliberal capitalist expansion and crises more in general), have on the whole negatively affected working conditions, leading to growing concerns about the “human side” of organizations. To address these concerns, the purpose of this paper is to apply Axel Honneth’s recognition theory and method of normative reconstruction to working conditions in the platform economy. The paper concludes that the ways in which platform organizations function constitutes a normative paradox, promising flexibility and autonomy while at the same time creating working conditions that undercut these promises. The paper ends with a critical discussion of Honneth’s approach, possible supplementing ideas and further lines of future research.

scholarly journals “How to Do Things With Words”: Mechanisms Bridging Language and Action in Management Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christi Lockwood ◽  
Simona Giorgi ◽  
Mary Ann Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

We review the past quarter century of literature linking language and action in management research published from 1993 through 2017. Different from recent in-depth reviews that focus narrowly on particular forms that words take, we look across these different kinds of word assemblages to uncover broad themes and mechanisms that link words with action outcomes in organizational settings. Classifying common conceptual approaches and prominent outcomes, we systematize and synthesize existing work on how to do things with words, identifying points of tension or contradiction as well as consistencies or overlaps across areas of research and methodologies. In addition, we go beyond typologies of how words are constructed to unearth how words function in the service of action; in so doing, we articulate three underlying mechanisms that connect words to action—resonance, enactment, and power—and discuss each. We end with a discussion of promising avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Cyber Security Applications: A Comprehensive Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
vinayakumar R ◽  
Mamoun Alazab ◽  
Soman KP ◽  
Sriram Srinivasan ◽  
Sitalakshmi Venkatraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

Deep Learning (DL), a novel form of machine learning (ML) is gaining much research interest due to its successful application in many classical artificial intelligence (AI) tasks as compared to classical ML algorithms (CMLAs). Recently, DL architectures are being innovatively modelled for diverse applications in the area of cyber security. The literature is now growing with DL architectures and their variations for exploring different innovative DL models and prototypes that can be tailored to suit specific cyber security applications. However, there is a gap in literature for a comprehensive survey reporting on such research studies. Many of the survey-based research have a focus on specific DL architectures and certain types of malicious attacks within a limited cyber security problem scenario of the past and lack futuristic review. This paper aims at providing a well-rounded and thorough survey of the past, present, and future DL architectures including next-generation cyber security scenarios related to intelligent automation, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data (BD), Blockchain, cloud and edge technologies. <br>This paper presents a tutorial-style comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art DL architectures for diverse applications in cyber security by comparing and analysing the contributions and challenges from various recent research papers. Firstly, the uniqueness of the survey is in reporting the use of DL architectures for an extensive set of cybercrime detection approaches such as intrusion detection, malware and botnet detection, spam and phishing detection, network traffic analysis, binary analysis, insider threat detection, CAPTCHA analysis, and steganography. Secondly, the survey covers key DL architectures in cyber security application domains such as cryptography, cloud security, biometric security, IoT and edge computing. Thirdly, the need for DL based research is discussed for the next generation cyber security applications in cyber physical systems (CPS) that leverage on BD analytics, natural language processing (NLP), signal and image processing and blockchain technology for smart cities and Industry 4.0 of the future. Finally, a critical discussion on open challenges and new proposed DL architecture contributes towards future research directions.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Cyber Security Applications: A Comprehensive Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
vinayakumar R ◽  
Mamoun Alazab ◽  
Soman KP ◽  
Sriram Srinivasan ◽  
Sitalakshmi Venkatraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

Deep Learning (DL), a novel form of machine learning (ML) is gaining much research interest due to its successful application in many classical artificial intelligence (AI) tasks as compared to classical ML algorithms (CMLAs). Recently, DL architectures are being innovatively modelled for diverse applications in the area of cyber security. The literature is now growing with DL architectures and their variations for exploring different innovative DL models and prototypes that can be tailored to suit specific cyber security applications. However, there is a gap in literature for a comprehensive survey reporting on such research studies. Many of the survey-based research have a focus on specific DL architectures and certain types of malicious attacks within a limited cyber security problem scenario of the past and lack futuristic review. This paper aims at providing a well-rounded and thorough survey of the past, present, and future DL architectures including next-generation cyber security scenarios related to intelligent automation, Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data (BD), Blockchain, cloud and edge technologies. <br>This paper presents a tutorial-style comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art DL architectures for diverse applications in cyber security by comparing and analysing the contributions and challenges from various recent research papers. Firstly, the uniqueness of the survey is in reporting the use of DL architectures for an extensive set of cybercrime detection approaches such as intrusion detection, malware and botnet detection, spam and phishing detection, network traffic analysis, binary analysis, insider threat detection, CAPTCHA analysis, and steganography. Secondly, the survey covers key DL architectures in cyber security application domains such as cryptography, cloud security, biometric security, IoT and edge computing. Thirdly, the need for DL based research is discussed for the next generation cyber security applications in cyber physical systems (CPS) that leverage on BD analytics, natural language processing (NLP), signal and image processing and blockchain technology for smart cities and Industry 4.0 of the future. Finally, a critical discussion on open challenges and new proposed DL architecture contributes towards future research directions.

scholarly journals Vaccines and Allergic reactions: the past, the current COVID-19 pandemic, and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanitha Sampath ◽  
Grace Rabinowitz ◽  
Mihir Shah ◽  
Surabhi Jain ◽  
Zuzana Diamant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post Marketing Surveillance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Favorable Safety

Vaccines are essential public health tools with a favorable safety profile and prophylactic effectiveness that have historically played significant roles in reducing infectious disease burden in populations, when the majority of individuals are vaccinated. The COVID-19 vaccines are expected to have similar positive impacts on health across the globe. While serious allergic reactions to vaccines are rare, their underlying mechanisms and implications for clinical management should be considered to provide individuals with the safest care possible. In this review, we provide an overview of different types of allergic adverse reactions that can potentially occur after vaccination and individual vaccine components capable of causing the allergic adverse reactions. We present the incidence of allergic adverse reactions during clinical studies and through post-authorization and post-marketing surveillance and provide plausible causes of these reactions based on potential allergenic components present in several common vaccines. Additionally, we review implications for individual diagnosis and management and vaccine manufacturing overall. Finally, we suggest areas for future research.

scholarly journals Investigating mindfulness influences on cognitive function: On the promise and potential of converging research strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Lin ◽  
Rongxiang Tang ◽  
Todd Samuel Braver
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
Mechanisms Of Mindfulness ◽  
Organizing Principles

Research investigating the effects and underlying mechanisms of mindfulness on cognitive functioning has accelerated exponentially over the past two decades. Despite the rapid growth of the literature and its influential role in garnering public interest in mindfulness, inconsistent methods in defining and measuring mindfulness have yielded variable findings, which contribute to the overall dearth of clear generalizable conclusions. The focus of this article is to address the lack of cohesion in the collective methodologies used in this domain, by providing a new perspective grounded in classic cognitive and experimental psychology principles. We leverage the concept of converging operations to demonstrate how seemingly disparate research strategies can be integrated towards a more unified and systematic approach. An organizing taxonomic framework is described to provide useful structure in how mindfulness can be operationalized, measured, and investigated. We illustrate the rationale and core organizing principles of the framework through a selective review of studies on mindfulness and cognitive control. We then demonstrate the utility of the approach by showing how it can be applied to synthesize extant methodologies and guide the development of future research. Specific suggestions and examples pertaining to experimental design and statistical analysis are provided.

scholarly journals Perspectives and future directions for epigenetics in hematology

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (26) ◽  
pp. 5131-5137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Goodell ◽  
Lucy A. Godley
Keyword(s):  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Epigenetic Regulators ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractGenetic analysis of hematologic malignancies over the past 5 years has revealed abundant mutations in epigenetic regulators in all classes of disorders. Here, we summarize the observations made within our review series on the role of epigenetics in hematology. We highlight the clinical implications of mutations in epigenetic regulators and outline what we envision are some of the major areas that merit future research. Recent findings may have immediate prognostic value, but also offer new targets for drug development. However, the pleiotropic action of these regulators indicates caution is warranted and argues for investment in understanding of their underlying mechanisms of action as we proceed to exploit these findings for the benefit of patients.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney damage is a disease that affects the patient's quality of life. It should be a target for gene therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Science ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

Sepsis-associated acute kidney damage is a disease that affects the patient's quality of life as well as their chances of dying. While supportive care can be useful for helping patients live longer if their health improves, there are no therapies that are directed at modifying the underlying pathophysiology. More recent studies show that changes in gene expression, protein abundance, and metabolism can alter kidney function in sepsis, which further demonstrates how far we've come in the past decade when it comes to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of sickness. While significant progress has been made, the opportunity provided by current omic technologies to illuminate these paths has yet to be realized.To help us provide better healthcare for our sickest patients, we're recommending future research go along the following lines: First, conduct in-depth research on recent advancements in both fundamental and clinical science to take advantage of new imaging technologies that have been developed in the last several years. Next, exploit recent breakthroughs in fundamental and clinical science to use new imaging technologies that have been established over the last several years.

scholarly journals Naphthoquinones and Their Derivatives: Emerging Trends in Combating Microbial Pathogens

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Nishigandha S. Mone ◽  
Srushti A. Bhagwat ◽  
Deepansh Sharma ◽  
Manohar Chaskar ◽  
Rajendra H. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Docking Analysis ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Drug Synthesis

In the current era, an ever-emerging threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose serious health challenges to mankind. Researchers are uninterruptedly putting their efforts to design and develop alternative, innovative strategies to tackle the antibiotic resistance displayed by varied pathogens. Among several naturally derived and chemically synthesized compounds, quinones have achieved a distinct position to defeat microbial pathogens. This review unleashes the structural diversity and promising biological activities of naphthoquinones (NQs) and their derivatives documented in the past two decades. Further, realizing their functional potentialities, researchers were encouraged to approach NQs as lead molecules. We have retrieved information that is dedicated on biological applications (antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic) of NQs. The multiple roles of NQs offer them a promising armory to combat microbial pathogens including MDR and the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) group. In bacteria, NQs may exhibit their function in the following ways (1) plasmid curing, (2) inhibiting efflux pumps (EPs), (3) generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), (4) the inhibition of topoisomerase activity. Sparse but meticulous literature suggests the mechanistic roles of NQs. We have highlighted the possible mechanisms of NQs and how the targeted drug synthesis can be achieved via molecular docking analysis. This bioinformatics-oriented approach will explicitly lead to the development of effective and most potent drugs against targeted pathogens. The mechanistic approaches of emerging molecules like NQs might prove a milestone to defeat the battle against microbial pathogens.

scholarly journals Developments for Collagen Hydrolysate in Biological, Biochemical, and Biomedical Domains: A Comprehensive Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2806
Author(s):  
Muhammad Harris ◽  
Johan Potgieter ◽  
Kashif Ishfaq ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysate ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments

The collagen hydrolysate, a proteinic biopeptide, is used for various key functionalities in humans and animals. Numerous reviews explained either individually or a few of following aspects: types, processes, properties, and applications. In the recent developments, various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities are achieved in five aspects: process, type, species, disease, receptors. The receptors are rarely addressed in the past which are an essential stimulus to activate various biomedical and biological activities in the metabolic system of humans and animals. Furthermore, a systematic segregation of the recent developments regarding the five main aspects is not yet reported. This review presents various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities achieved for each of the beforementioned five aspects using a systematic approach. The review proposes a novel three-level hierarchy that aims to associate a specific functionality to a particular aspect and its subcategory. The hierarchy also highlights various key research novelties in a categorical manner that will contribute to future research.

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