scholarly journals Gender-Dependent Bimanual Task Performance

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Dalia Mickevičienė ◽  
Kristina Motiejūnaitė ◽  
Diana Karanauskienė ◽  
Albertas Skurvydas ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Bimanual Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Background and Objective. Many studies have suggested that each hand has a different special talent; however, there is a lack of data in the area of goal-directed bimanual hand coordination and its dependence on gender. The aim of this paper was to investigate gender-dependent bimanual speed-accuracy task performance. Material and Methods. Twelve healthy young males and twelve healthy young females (all righthanded) performed protractile movements with both arms simultaneously by pushing joysticks toward two targets as quickly and accurately as possible. Results. Though no significant difference was observed in the reaction time during a unimanual speed-accuracy task between the left and right hands as well as men and women, during a bimanual task, the reaction time of both the hands was significantly longer in women than men. There was no significant difference in the velocity of both the hands during a bimanual speed-accuracy task between men and women, while the accuracy of the left hand was significantly greater in men than women. There was no significant difference in intraindividual variability in the reaction time, maximal velocity, and path of movement between men and women as well as the left and right hands, but variability in the average velocity of the right hand both in women and men was significantly greater compared with their left hand. Conclusions. Whereas people typically look at the target location for a reaching movement, it is possible that two objects are simultaneously fixated.

scholarly journals Effects of Congruency on Bereitschaftspotential While Performing a Bimanual Motor Task

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Meghan McGowan ◽  
Camille Hémond-Hill ◽  
Justine Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Grand Average ◽  
Bimanual Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

 The bereitschaftspotential (BP)—also known as the readiness potential—is a measure of brain activity that precedes voluntary movement by approximately one second in the supplementary motor area and the contralateral primary motor cortex. Motor task reaction time for bimanual task performance is affected by both the individual and the environment; however, it is unclear whether motor task reaction time (as measured via the BP) is significantly affected by congruency. A congruent motor task is an ipsilateral stimulus (e.g., a stimulus on the right is responded to by the right hand), and an incongruent task is a contralateral stimulus (e.g., a stimulus on the right is responded to by the left hand). Congruency is re-emerging as an important topic in motor learning as it may require different levels of cortical processing. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of congruency on the BP. Participants were asked to complete the computer task, Keyboard Hero, where they pressed keys with both their left and right hands in response to discrete congruent and incongruent stimuli. A MUSE™  apparatus recorded brain activity 1000 ms prior to, and 1000 ms after each stimulus. Results from every participant for the incongruent and congruent trials were averaged and compared using a grand average waveform. Means of accuracy (how often participants pressed the key correctly) and BP for each condition were averaged and compared using a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Across congruent and incongruent conditions, a non-significant difference (p > 0.05 ) was found in BP (p > 0.59 ), accuracy (p > 0.64 ), and BP within −200  ms to 200 ms (p > 0.31 ). BP and mean accuracy scores were not significantly different between congruent and incongruent conditions, which may be due to only minute differences in brain activity or due to the study’s design. Further research should analyze individual variations of the present study, such as stimulus location, differences in the responding limb, correctness of responses, and the sensory modality being tested

scholarly journals Does Performance of Speed-Accuracy Movements Depend on Gender and the Left or the Right Hand?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (77) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Motiejūnaitė ◽  
Dalia Mickevičienė ◽  
Albertas Skurvydas ◽  
Diana Karanauskienė ◽  
Mantas Mickevičius
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
Speed Accuracy

The aim of the study was to establish the differences in men and women’s performance of speed-accuracy movements with their left (LH) and right (RH) hands. The research participants were 24 healthy right-handed subjects: 12 males (aged 20.8 ± 1.1 years) and 12 females (aged 21.4 ± 1.0 years). The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Human Motor Control at the Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education (LAPE) applying the analyzer of dynamic parameters of human leg and arm movement (DPA-1; Patent No. 5251; 2005 08 25), which is used for the qualitative estimation of the dynamic parameters of one arm and leg target movement, two arms and legs coordinated and independent target movements, when the resistance power and target are coded with different programmable parameters. The task was performed with the right and then with the left hand (50 repetitions with each hand). The subjects had two tasks: a) to react as quickly as possible (simple task); b) to react as quickly as possible and to hit the target on a computer screen quickly and accurately (complicated task). We registered the maximal and mean movement speed, reaction time, movement trajectory and intraindividual variability of the right and the left hands. Conclusions. There was no significant difference in accuracy between female and male subjects, thought female subjects performed speed-accuracy task more slowly than men. Both males and females performed the speed-accuracy task with their right hand faster and more accurately than with their left hand. Performing movements with different hands the indices of reaction time did not differ significantly. Both males and females performed movements with their right and left hands with the same intraindividual variability.Keywords: movement control, reaction time, speed-accuracy task, right and left hand, gender. 

scholarly journals Lateral comparisons using Fishman's skeletal maturation assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham N. Safer ◽  
Peter Homel ◽  
David D. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Bone Development ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objective:  To assess lateral differences between ossification events and stages of bone development in the hands and wrists utilizing Fishman's skeletal maturation indicators (SMIs). Materials and Methods:  The skeletal ages of 125 subjects, aged 8 to 20 years, were determined with left and right hand-wrist radiographs using Fishman's SMI assessment. Each subject was also given the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire to assess handedness. The skeletal ages of both hand-wrist radiographs were analyzed against each other, handedness, chronologic age, and gender. Results:  There were no significant differences overall in right and left SMI scores (P  =  .70); 79% of all patients showed no difference in right and left SMI scores, regardless of handedness, gender, or age. However, when patients were categorized based on clinical levels of SMI score for the right hand-wrist, there was a significant difference (P  =  .01) between the SMI 1-3 group and the SMI 11 group. Subjects in the SMI 1-3 group were more likely to show a left > right SMI score, while subjects in the SMI 11 group were likely to show a right > left SMI score. Conclusion:  Although no significant overall lateral differences in SMI scores were noted, it may be advisable to obtain a left hand-wrist radiograph and/or additional diagnostic information to estimate completion of growth in young surgical patients.

scholarly journals Are left- and right-eye pupil sizes always equal?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonca Gokce Menekse Dalveren ◽  
Nergiz Ercil Cagiltay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Surgical Residents ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Eye movements provide very critical information about the cognitive load and behaviors of human beings. Earlier studies report that under normal conditions, the left- and right-eye pupil sizes are equal. For this reason, most studies undertaking eye-movement analysis are conducted by only considering the pupil size of a single eye or taking the average size of both eye pupils. This study attempts to offer a better understanding concerning whether there are any differences between the left- and right-eye pupil sizes of the right-handed surgical residents while performing surgical tasks in a computer-based simulation environment under different conditions (left hand, right hand and both hands). According to the results, in many cases, the right-eye pupil sizes of the participants were larger than their left-eye pupil sizes while performing the tasks under right-hand and both-hands conditions. However, no significant difference was found in relation to the tasks performed under left-hand condition in all scenarios. These results are very critical to shed further light on the cognitive load of the surgical residents by analyzing their left-eye and right-eye pupil sizes. Further research is required to investigate the effect of the difficulty level of each scenario, its appropriateness with the skill level of the participants, and handedness on the differences between the left- and right-eye pupil sizes.

scholarly journals Are there Any Differences in Simple and Random Choice Motor Task Performance between Young and Middle-Aged Adults?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (90) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Solianik ◽  
Vaida Aleknavičiūtė ◽  
Albertas Skurvydas ◽  
Marius Brazaitis
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Random Choice ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Research background and hypothesis. Most studies are based on elderly subjects’ results, so there is a need to explore if motor performance changes begin in the middle age. We hypothesize that (i) middle-aged subjects use “play it safe” strategy, which depends on the type of tasks (simple vs. random choice); (ii) middle-aged subjects will show higher intra-individual performance variability compared to young adults, furthermore, simple task will show  lower performance variability.Research aim was to establish if there were any movement performance differences during simple and random  choice motor task performance between young and middle-aged adults.Research methods. Middle-aged and young adults performed two speed-accuracy tasks. During simple task  participants had to reach the same target which appeared in the same place and during random choice task the target  appeared randomly in one of the three different places.Research results. Data showed that middle-aged group had slower (p < 0.05) reaction time and maximal velocity,  whereas movement path length was more accurate (p < 0.05) than that in the young adult group. Comparing different  tasks it was observed that during simple task reaction time was faster (p < 0.05) than in the random choice task in  both groups. Intra-individual variability of reaction time and maximal velocity was higher (p < 0.05) in the middle-aged group, whereas no changes were observed between different tasks.Discussion  and  conclusion.  Motor  performance  strategy  “play  it  safe”  is  already  observed  for  the  middle- aged population: they decrease maximal velocity and reaction time in order to make movement more accurate.  Additionally, they demonstrate task-independent higher intra-individual variability of reaction time and maximal  velocity showing changes in CNS integrity compared to young adults.Keywords: aging, speed-accuracy tasks, intra-individual variability.

scholarly journals Effect of Handedness and Footedness on Some Motoric Characteristics in Amateur Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Deniz Özge Yüceloğlu Keskin ◽  
Osman İmamoğlu ◽  
Menderes Kabadayı
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Time Asymmetry ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hands And Feet

The present study aims to compare the strength of right and left legs and reaction times of soccer players depending on their hand and foot preferences. The study included 92 volunteers chosen from amateur soccer players. The measurements conducted on the subjects were anthropometric characteristics, foot reaction times (sound, light) and right and left foot squat parameters. The t-test was used for statistical procedures. Among the amateur soccer players who participated in this study, it was found that 19.57% used left hand and 67.39% used right hand as preferred. Soccer players using both hands equally were found with a rate of 13.4%. In terms of foot preference, it was found that 22.83% of the participants used left foot and 43.48% of the participants used right foot as preferred. The soccer players using both feet equally was found as 33.70%. No significant difference was found between right handers and left handers in reaction time measurements when the soccer players were grouped by hand preference. When compared with left footed players (0.29 sec), only the right foot sound reaction time of right footed players was significantly shorter (0.21 sec) at p<. 05 level. Statistically significant correlation was found between soccer players’ hand and foot preference at a level of p< 0.01. Left footed players had significantly higher left leg mean squat (37.19 kg) when compared with right footed players (32.27 kg). No significant difference was found between right footed (35.36 kg) and left footed (33.98) subjects in terms of mean of right leg squat. Conclusion: According to the hand preference, the proportion of those who use equally two feet increased. Reaction times and force's squat of the dominant hands and feet were better. Training programs for soccer players planned according to individual characteristics including footedness may result in performance increase and decrease in injury as a result of reduced strength and reaction time asymmetry between legs and arms.

scholarly journals A comparison of the effect of two methods of positioning the hands during basic and advanced cardiovascular life support on the chest compression depth in adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Bastami ◽  
Parand Soliemanifard ◽  
Roholla Hemmati ◽  
Golnaz Forough Ameri ◽  
Mahboobeh Rasouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Compression Depth ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right

Introduction: There is no agreement on how the hands are positioned in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In this study, the effects of two methods of positioning the hands during basic and advanced cardiovascular life support on the chest compression depth are compared.<br /> Methods: In this observational simulation, the samples included 62 nursing students and emergency medicine students trained in CPR. Each student performed two interventions in both basic and advanced situations on manikins and two positions of dominant hand on non-dominant hand, and vice versa, within four weeks. At each compression, the chest compression depth was numerically expressed in centimeter. Each student was assessed individually and without feedback.<br /> Results: The highest mean chest compression depth was related to Basic Cardiovascular Life Support (BCLS) and the position of the dominant hand on non-dominant hand (5.50 ± 0.6) and (P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in the basic and advanced regression variables in men and women except in the case of Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) with dominant hand on non-dominant hand (P = 0.018). There was no significant difference in mean chest compression during basic and advanced cardiovascular life support in left- and right-handed individuals (P = 0.09). <br /> Conclusion: When the dominant hand is on the non-dominant hand, more pressure with greater depth is applied.

Selective Inhibition of Movement

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 2480-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Coxon ◽  
Cathy M. Stinear ◽  
Winston D. Byblow
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Selective Excitation ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Cortical Representation ◽  
Inhibitory Pathway ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
Bimanual Task ◽  
Neural Inhibition ◽  
Left And Right

In studies of volitional inhibition, successful task performance usually requires the prevention of all movement. In reality, movements are selectively prevented in the presence of global motor output. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability to prevent one movement while concurrently executing another, referred to as selective inhibition. In two experiments, participants released switches with either their index and middle fingers (unimanual) or their left and right index fingers (bimanual) to stop two moving indicators at a fixed target (Go trials). Stop trials occurred when either one or both indicators automatically stopped before reaching the target, signaling that prevention of the prepared movement was required. Stop All and selective Stop trials were randomly interspersed among more frequently occurring Go trials. We found that selective inhibition is harder to perform than nonselective inhibition, for both unimanual and bimanual task contexts. During selective inhibition trials, lift time of the responding digit was delayed in both experiments by ≤100 ms, demonstrating the generality of the result. A nonselective neural inhibitory pathway may temporarily “brake” the required response, followed by selective excitation of the to-be-moved digit's cortical representation. After selective inhibition trials, there were persistent asynchronies between finger lift times of subsequent Go trials. The persistent effects reflect the behavioral consequences of nonspecific neural inhibition combined with selective neural disinhibition.

scholarly journals Examination of correlation among reaction time, strength, and flexibility of sedentary and athletes in different branchesFarklı branşlarda yer alan sporcular ve sedanterlerde bazı biomotor özellikler ve reaksiyon zamanı arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 3282
Author(s):  
Recep Gürsoy ◽  
Sedi Akarsu ◽  
Kürşat Hazar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Strength ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Sports Activities

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the selection of talent by determining which parameters are more important for which branch between sports branches and how sports activities of different kinds and sedentary life affect some of the motoric characteristics found in the physiological structure of the human being. Adult athletes who have been sporting for at least three years and still actively engaged in sports and adult sedentary groups have participated in the study. Totally 212 participants that 157 were male and 55 were female, 119 of them were athletes and 93 were sedentary. All subjects voluntarily participating in the tests were subjected to a simple reaction time test (right hand and left hand), right and left claw, back and leg strength tests and flexibility (sit and reach) tests, respectively. Independent t-test was used for binary comparisons of data obtained and One-Way ANOVA was used to multiple comparisons. It was found that there was a statistically difference between both male-female athletes and sedentary male and females’ mean values of the right hand reaction time and values of claw-back and leg strength (p<0,05); and it was determined that there was no statistically difference between male and females’ means of left-hand reaction time and flexibility values (p>0,05). While there was a significant difference between sedentary and athletes’ means of reaction time, claw-back-leg strength and flexibility values (p<0,05), reaction time, strength measurements, and flexibility values have been found better in athletes as well as all other values have been found significant. It has been determined that there is a significant difference among athletes from different branches in all values in the average of reaction time, claw-back-leg strength and flexibility values (p <0.05). In conclusion, it is considered that sports activities in different branches are an important factor in development of motoric features of the human body, for this reason; it is important to take the signified differences into consideration when choosing talent for the branches in sport.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı;  farklı türde yapılan sportif aktiviteler ve sedanter yaşamın insanın fizyolojik yapısında bulunan bazı motorik özellikleri nasıl etkilediğini ve spor branşları arasında hangi branş için hangi parametrelerin daha önemli olduğunu ortaya koymak suretiyle, sporda yetenek seçimine katkı bir sağlayabilmektir. Çalışmaya, en az üç yıl süreyle spor yapmış ve halen aktif olarak spor yapan yetişkin sporcular ve yetişkin sedanter bireyler katıldı. Toplam 212 kişiden 157’si erkek, 55’i bayan olmak üzere katılımcıların 119’u sporcu, 93’ü ise sedanterdi. Testlere gönüllü olarak katılan tüm deneklere, sırası ile basit reaksiyon zaman testi (sağ el ve sol el olmak üzere), sağ ve sol el kavrama, sırt ve bacak kuvveti testleri ile esneklik (otur-uzan) testi uygulandı. Elde edilen verilerin ikili karşılaştırmaları için Bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve çoklu karşılaştırmaları için ise One-Way ANOVA test yöntemi kullanıldı. Katılımcılardan gerek sporcu erkek ve bayanların gerekse sedanter erkek ve bayanların sağ el reaksiyon zamanı, el kavrama, sırt-bacak kuvveti değerleri ortalamaları arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu (p<0,05), sporcu ve sedanter, erkek ve bayanların sol el reaksiyon zamanı ve esneklik değerleri ortalamaları arasında ise anlamlı farklılıkların olmadığı tespit edildi (p>0,05). Sporcu ve sedanter bireylerde reaksiyon zamanı, el kavrama, sırt-bacak kuvveti ve esneklik değerleri ortalamaları arasında anlamlı farklılıklar görülürken (p<0.05), tüm değerler anlamlı bulunmakla birlikte reaksiyon zamanı ve kuvvet ölçümleri ile esneklik değerleri sporcularda daha iyi bulundu. Çeşitli branşlardaki sporcuların reaksiyon zamanı, el kavrama-sırt-bacak kuvveti ve esneklik değerleri ortalamalarında ise tüm değerlerde branşlar arası anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak farklı türde yapılan sportif aktivitelerin insan vücudundaki motorik özelliklerin geliştirilmesinde önemli bir etken olduğu ve bu nedenle sporda yetenek seçimi yapılırken belirtilen farklılıklara dikkat edilmesinin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Neuroticism and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Self-Paced Speeded Mental Addition and Comparison

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagen C. Flehmig ◽  
Michael B. Steinborn ◽  
Karl Westhoff ◽  
Robert Langner
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Mental Addition ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Accuracy Tradeoff

Previous research suggests a relationship between neuroticism (N) and the speed-accuracy tradeoff in speeded performance: High-N individuals were observed performing less efficiently than low-N individuals and compensatorily overemphasizing response speed at the expense of accuracy. This study examined N-related performance differences in the serial mental addition and comparison task (SMACT) in 99 individuals, comparing several performance measures (i.e., response speed, accuracy, and variability), retest reliability, and practice effects. N was negatively correlated with mean reaction time but positively correlated with error percentage, indicating that high-N individuals tended to be faster but less accurate in their performance than low-N individuals. The strengthening of the relationship after practice demonstrated the reliability of the findings. There was, however, no relationship between N and distractibility (assessed via measures of reaction time variability). Our main findings are in line with the processing efficiency theory, extending the relationship between N and working style to sustained self-paced speeded mental addition.

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