scholarly journals Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome and Bullous Impetigo

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Morgan Brazel ◽  
Anand Desai ◽  
Abhirup Are ◽  
Kiran Motaparthi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Local Release ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and bullous impetigo are infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The pathogenesis of both conditions centers around exotoxin mediated cleavage of desmoglein-1, which results in intraepidermal desquamation. Bullous impetigo is due to the local release of these toxins and thus, often presents with localized skin findings, whereas SSSS is from the systemic spread of these toxins, resulting in a more generalized rash and severe presentation. Both conditions are treated with antibiotics that target S. aureus. These conditions can sometimes be confused with other conditions that result in superficial blistering; the distinguishing features are outlined below.

Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome in an adult due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Ito ◽  
Katsuhisa Toda ◽  
Makoto Shimazaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
Miyuki Funabashi Yoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in Healthy Infant

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1142-1150
Author(s):  
Anggia Perdana Harmen ◽  
Eny Yantri
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
Erythema Multiforme ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Chemical Burns ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Blistering Skin Disorders

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) describes a spectrum of superficial blistering skin disorders caused by the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus that originates from a focus of infection that may be a purulent conjunctivitis, otitis media, or occult nasopharyngeal infection. It usually begins with fever, irritability, and a generalized, paint, orange-red, macular erythema with cutaneous tenderness, and the rash progress from scarlatiniform to a blistering eruption in 24 to 48 hours. A diagnosis must distinguish SSSS from other skin diseases, such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, epidermolysis bullosa, bullous erythema multiforme, Streptococcal impetigo or listeriosis and thermal or chemical burns, all of which can manifest with similar symptoms. The prognosis of SSSS in children who are appropriately treated is good, with a mortality of less than 5%. A case was a three moths old boy hospitalized in Pediatric ward M. Djamil hospital with chief complain redness and peeling of the skin since 2 days before hospitalized. Culture of the skin, eyes and nose was Staphylococcus aureus, and patients was given ampicillin and gentamycin for seven days.

Neonatal Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: Massive Outbreak Due to an Unusual Phage Type

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
John P. Curran ◽  
Farouk L. Al-Salihi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Exfoliative Dermatitis ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cultural Data

A massive outbreak of the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome due to an organism with an unusual phage pattern, occurred during a 115-day period and involved 68 newborns. Generalized exfoliative dermatitis was seen in 24 babies, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 23. Fourteen isolates were phage typed, with 13 reported as the epidemic strain 29/79/80/3A/3C/54/75. Eight babies had generalized scarlatiniform eruption without exfoliation (staphylococcal scarlet fever). Cultural data were available from six, all positive for S aureus. Four organisms were typed and reported as the epidemic strain. Of 34 infants with bullous impetigo 20 had cultures that were positive for S aureus, and four were phage typed, revealing the epidemic strain. Illness was mild in all patients; there were no deaths and no invasive forms of staphylococcal infection. The male to female ratio of generalized exfoliative disease was 5:1. The concept of a neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, comprised of a triad of skin disorders induced by an exotoxin elaborated by certain strains of coagulase positive S aureus, is confirmed.

scholarly journals 467. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus in Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome among Children in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S229-S229
Author(s):  
Jae Hong Choi ◽  
Hyunju Lee ◽  
Eun Hwa Choi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a blistering and desquamative skin disease caused by the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus. SSSS mainly affects children younger than 5 years of age. Although many countries show a predominance of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), recently an increase in cases due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been reported. We investigated the molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolated from the children with SSSS in Korea. Methods From January 2010 to December 2017, children clinically diagnosed as SSSS under the age of 5 years were enrolled. Cases from 3 different university hospitals in Korea were included. S. aureus isolated from nasal, axillary, or inguinal area of the children were analyzed for multilocus sequence type and exfoliative toxins (eta, etb). Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. aureus. Results A total of 26 cases were enrolled. The mean age was 2.3 years (range, 0–4.8 years). Twenty-two (84.6%) patients were hospitalized. Skin manifestations were classified as follows; generalized (n = 10, 38.5%), intermediate (n = 11, 42.3%), and abortive (n = 5, 19.2%). Twenty-five isolates (96.2%) were resistant to methicillin and macrolide-resistance was found in 92.3% (n = 24). ST89 (n = 21, 80.8%) was the most prevalent clone, with single clones of ST1, ST5, ST72, ST121, and ST1507. The eta gene was detected in 1 (3.8%) MSSA isolate. The etb gene was detected in 14 (53.8%) isolates all of which were ST89. All patients were treated with antibiotics, and the mean duration was 8.3 days regardless of the administration route. Nafcillin or first cephalosporin was most commonly prescribed (n = 20, 76.9%), clindamycin was administered in combination in 9 patients (34.6%) and vancomycin in 4 patients (15.4%). Among the 25 MRSA cases, only 6 (24.0%) were treated with susceptible antibiotics. However, there was no difference in treatment duration according to antimicrobial susceptibility (8.43:8.22 days, P > 0.05). Conclusion The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from the Korean children with SSSS demonstrated the high prevalence of methicillin-resistant ST89 clone that harbors the etb gene. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in an Extremely Premature Neonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Shiv Sajan Saini ◽  
Vinay Vamdev Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Premature Neonate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Condition ◽  
Rare Diagnosis

ABSTRACT Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is a rare diagnosis in neonates. We present an extremely premature neonate presenting with bullous lesions all over the body on day 20 of life. The lesions ruptured leaving erythematous, tender raw areas. Nikolsky's sign was positive and clinical diagnosis of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome was made. His blood culture grew Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. His umbilical swab culture grew S. aureus. The baby was treated with by cloxacillin, piperacillin/tazobactum and clindamycin. The lesions healed in 7 days. The baby was discharged with normal skin and normal neurological condition.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxins Cleave α- and β-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 2366-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
James V. Rago ◽  
Gregory M. Vath ◽  
Timothy J. Tripp ◽  
Gregory A. Bohach ◽  
Douglas H. Ohlendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Serine Protease Family ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT The staphylococcal exfoliative toxins (ETs) A and B (ETA and ETB) are 27-kDa exotoxins produced by certain strains ofStaphylococcus aureus and are the causative agents of staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome. The crystal structures of the ETs strongly indicate that the proteins are members of the serine protease family of enzymes, although protease activity until now has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Here, we show that the peptide β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH) is cleaved by ETA and that both ETA and ETB are capable of cleaving α-MSH. Both toxins exhibit cleavage at specific glutamic acid residues in MSH peptides. Moreover, biologically inactive mutants of ETA were incapable of cleaving β-MSH.

scholarly journals Case of Bullous Impetigo Developing into Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Elharrouni A ◽  
Elimam M ◽  
Dassouly R ◽  
Hnach KH ◽  
Elloudi S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Skin Conditions

Staphylococcus aureus can cause exfoliative skin conditions, ranging from localized bullous impetigo (BI) to staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). The latter is a potentially life-threatening disorder, which leads to blistering of the upper layer of the skin, by the release of a circulating exotoxin. The disease especially affects infants and small children but has also been described in adults. SSSS usually presents with a prodrome of sore throat or conjunctivitis. The infection is often peri-facial impetigo, here is usually no bacteremia. Bullous impetigo, the toxin produces blisters locally at the site of infection, whereas in cases of the scalded-skin syndrome, it circulates throughout the body, causing blisters at sites distant from the infection.

scholarly journals The Lantibiotic Lacticin 3147 Prevents Systemic Spread ofStaphylococcus aureusin a Murine Infection Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Piper ◽  
Pat G. Casey ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
Paul D. Cotter ◽  
R. Paul Ross
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Intraperitoneal Route ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Lacticin 3147 ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

The objective of this study was to investigate thein vivoactivity of the lantibiotic lacticin 3147 against the luminescentStaphylococcus aureusstrain Xen 29 using a murine model. Female BALB/c mice (7 weeks old, 17 g) were divided into groups (n=5) and infected with the Xen 29 strain via the intraperitoneal route at a dose of1×106 cfu/animal. After 1.5 hr, the animals were treated subcutaneously with doses of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; negative control) or lacticin 3147. Luminescent imaging was carried 3 and 5 hours postinfection. Mice were then sacrificed, and the levels ofS. aureusXen 29 in the liver, spleen, and kidneys were quantified. Notably, photoluminescence and culture-based analysis both revealed that lacticin 3147 successfully controlled the systemic spread ofS. aureusin mice thus indicating that lacticin 3147 has potential as a chemotherapeutic agent forin vivoapplications.

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