Neonatal Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome: Massive Outbreak Due to an Unusual Phage Type

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
John P. Curran ◽  
Farouk L. Al-Salihi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Exfoliative Dermatitis ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cultural Data

A massive outbreak of the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome due to an organism with an unusual phage pattern, occurred during a 115-day period and involved 68 newborns. Generalized exfoliative dermatitis was seen in 24 babies, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 23. Fourteen isolates were phage typed, with 13 reported as the epidemic strain 29/79/80/3A/3C/54/75. Eight babies had generalized scarlatiniform eruption without exfoliation (staphylococcal scarlet fever). Cultural data were available from six, all positive for S aureus. Four organisms were typed and reported as the epidemic strain. Of 34 infants with bullous impetigo 20 had cultures that were positive for S aureus, and four were phage typed, revealing the epidemic strain. Illness was mild in all patients; there were no deaths and no invasive forms of staphylococcal infection. The male to female ratio of generalized exfoliative disease was 5:1. The concept of a neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, comprised of a triad of skin disorders induced by an exotoxin elaborated by certain strains of coagulase positive S aureus, is confirmed.

Outbreak of Staphylococcal Infection in Two Hospital Nurseries Traced to a Single Nasal Carrier

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Belani ◽  
Robert J. Sherertz ◽  
Marsha L. Sullivan ◽  
Beverly A. Russell ◽  
Peter D. Reumen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractIn late January and early February 1983, an outbreak of skin infections (7 of 145 infants) caused by a penicillin/erythromycin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), phage type 3A/3C, occurred in our newborn nursery. A week following the first cluster of infections, another nursery outbreak due to SA with the same antibiogram occurred in a nearby community hospital (11 of 114 infants). Subsequently, a second cluster of infections with the same SA was identified at our nursery. The epidemic strain was carried in the anterior nares of a single nurse who worked at both hospital nurseries on alternate weeks. Investigation revealed that the nurse had an upper respiratory tract infection during each of these outbreaks—simulating “a cloud baby.” No further infections have occurred since this nurse was treated and her SA nasal carrier state eliminated.

Epidemic Bullous Impetigo in a Nursery Due to a Nasal Carrier of Staphylococcus aureus: Role of Epidemiology and Control Measures

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyn K. Nakashima ◽  
James R. Allen ◽  
William J. Martone ◽  
Brian D. Plikaytis ◽  
Beth Storer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
And Control

AbstractFrom September 14, 1981 to February 28, 1982, an epidemic of bullous impetigo caused by a penicillin/tetracycline resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 3A/3C, occurred in a newborn nursery in Louisville, Kentucky. Twenty of 1,181 (1.7%) infants at risk developed disease during the six-month epidemic period. Clinically all case-infants had bullous impetigo skin lesions. One infant developed staphylococcal septicemia. No infant died. An epidemiologic investigation identified a nurse as having significantly greater contact with case-infants than control-infants (p=0.0013). She was also found to be a nasal carrier of the epidemic strain. Infection control measures appeared to decrease infant-to-infant transmission via the hands of non-colonized nurses, but did not affect transmission from the nurse carrying the epidemic strain to infants. No cases of bullous impetigo have occurred since this nurse was temporarily removed from the nursery for treatment.

scholarly journals Recombinant Staphylococcus aureusExfoliative Toxins Are Not Bacterial Superantigens

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 3048-3052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. W. Plano ◽  
Delia M. Gutman ◽  
Markus Woischnik ◽  
Carleen M. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Exfoliative Dermatitis ◽  
Bacterial Superantigens

ABSTRACT Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome is an exfoliative dermatitis characterized by the separation of the epidermis at the stratum granulosum. This disruption is mediated by one of twoStaphylococcus aureus exotoxins, exfoliative toxins A and B (ETA and ETB). Both ETA and ETB have been reported to be bacterial superantigens. A controversy exists, however, as other data indicate that these exotoxins are not superantigens. Here we demonstrate that recombinant exfoliative toxins produced in Escherichia colido not act as T-cell mitogens and thus are not bacterial superantigens. These data fit the clinical profile of the disease, which is not associated with the classic symptoms of a superantigen-mediated syndrome.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with superadded fungal infection in a neonate

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5456
Author(s):  
Mayuri Gogoi ◽  
Nilakshi Borah ◽  
Ajanta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
The Face

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) or acute staphylococcal epidermolysis is an exfoliative skin disease and a toxin mediated staphylococcal infection affecting mostly neonates and adolescents. We describe here a case of 10-day old full term, vaginally delivered baby weighing 1530gms presenting with erythematous lesions first developing on the face and later spreading to the entire body for the last 6 days. The mucosal areas were spared. Blood culture of the patient revealed growth of Methicllin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Culture from the skin lesions also revealed growth of MRSA with similar antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Fungal culture from the skin lesions revealed growth of Candida tropicalis. The diagnosis of SSSS was based on clinical criteria and microbiological findings. 

scholarly journals Staphylococcal sepsis in a burns unit

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Lilly ◽  
E. J. L. Lowbury ◽  
M. D. Wilkins ◽  
J. S. Cason
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Endemic Strain ◽  
Burns Unit

An outbreak of staphylococcal sepsis in a burns unit occurred between January 1976 and May 1978. Many patients and members of staff had boils, and a number of patients also developed septicaemia. Most of the boils in the early period of the trial and a large proportion of boils in patients during the later period yieldedStaphylococcus aureusresistant to penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin only (PTE), and were shown to be of phage type 95 in the early period while strains were phage typed. From blood cultures, most strains in the early period were of resistance pattern PTE and phage type 95, but in the later period other resistance patterns were predominant. Strains from burns were usually multiresistant (PTEKNML) and of the phage pattern 29/77, which had been endemic in the Unit, but during the early period of the outbreak there was an increased proportion of strains in burns with the resistance pattern PTE and of phage type 95.Staphylococcal sepsis has for many years been very infrequent in the burns unit. This outbreak seems to have been initiated by a strain of phage type 95 and resistance pattern PTE, but during the course of the outbreak the endemic strain of type 29/77 and some other staphylococci seem to have developed enhanced ability to cause clinical infections, conceivably by transduction from the epidemic strain of phage type 95.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in Child. A Case Report and a Review from Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Grama ◽  
Oana Cristina Mărginean ◽  
Lorena Elena Meliț ◽  
Anca Meda Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Supportive Treatment ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Medical Term

Abstract Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is the medical term used to define a skin condition induced by the exfoliative toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. The disorder is also known as Ritter disease, bullous impetigo, neonatal pemphigus, or staphylococcal scarlet fever. The disease especially affects infants and small children, but has also been described in adults. Prompt therapy with proper antibiotics and supportive treatment has led to a decrease in the mortality rate. The current case report describes the clinical progress of a patient with generalized erythema and fever, followed by the appearance of bullous lesions with tendency to rupture under the smallest pressure, and with extended areas of denudation. The patient aged four years and six months was admitted to our clinic to establish the aetiology and treatment of a generalized bullous exanthema, followed by a skin denudation associated with fever and impaired general status. Based on clinical and paraclinical examinations a diagnosis of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome was established which responded favourably to antibiotic treatment, hydro-electrolytic re-equilibration, and adequate local hygiene. Staphylococcal infection can represent a problem of significant pathological importance sometimes requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving paediatricians, dermatologists, infectious diseases specialists, and plastic surgeons.

scholarly journals An extensive exfoliative dermatitis: a rare complication

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Santosh Shimpiger ◽  
Nakul Pathak ◽  
Nilima Narkhede ◽  
Sushma Save
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Male Child ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Exfoliative Dermatitis ◽  
Author Report

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is an extensive exfoliative dermatitis that occurs primarily in newborns and in previously healthy children. It is a rare complication of Staphylococcal infection. Author report a case of 1year old male child with Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome diagnosed clinically and microbiological reports confirmed the diagnosis. The child responded to appropriate antibiotic therapy and was discharged after 14 days of antibiotics.

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