scholarly journals Actin and Microtubules Differently Contribute to Vacuolar Targeting Specificity during the Export from the ER

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Monica De Caroli ◽  
Fabrizio Barozzi ◽  
Luciana Renna ◽  
Gabriella Piro ◽  
Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Targeting ◽  
Traffic Regulation ◽  
Emergent Features ◽  
Vacuolar Sorting ◽  
Er Export ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fine Tune

Plants rely on both actin and microtubule cytoskeletons to fine-tune sorting and spatial targeting of membranes during cell growth and stress adaptation. Considerable advances have been made in recent years in the comprehension of the relationship between the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) and cytoskeletons, but studies have mainly focused on the transport to and from the plasma membrane. We address here the relationship of the cytoskeleton with different endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export mechanisms toward vacuoles. These emergent features of the plant endomembrane traffic are explored with an in vivo approach, providing clues on the traffic regulation at different levels beyond known proteins’ functions and interactions. We show how traffic of vacuolar markers, characterized by different vacuolar sorting determinants, diverges at the export from the ER, clearly involving different components of the cytoskeleton.

Genetic variation and relationship of ultrasonic measures and carcass composition in Suffolk cross lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
V.C. Flamarique ◽  
R.M. Lewis ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Excess fat in lamb is regarded as an important reason for less lamb meat being purchased by consumers. This has encouraged the development and use (particularly in Terminal Sire breeds) of selection indices that can identify animals that will sire leaner progeny. These indices usually include live weight and in vivo predictors of body composition, such as an ultrasonic measurement of muscle and fat depth, as selection criteria (Simm and Dingwall, 1989). But the usefulness of such in vivo measurements as predictors of carcass composition depends on the correlation between, and the variation in, live and carcass measures. The objectives of this study were to determine the strength of the relationship between ultrasound and dissection measures of carcass composition, and the degree of genetic variation in these measures, in crossbred progeny of Suffolk rams.

Experimental study of the inhibition effect of CXCL12/CXCR4 in malignant pleural mesothelioma

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianshuang Li ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Lipeng Xie ◽  
Yi-Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cxcr4 Axis

Previous studies have demonstrated that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is closely related to tumors such as malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This research was conducted in order to detect whether CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitors could restrain MPM and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy, also to investigate the relationship of CXCL12/CXCR4 with other gene expressions in MPM. Forty mice were injected MPM cells and randomly divided into four groups: the PBS (control group), AMD3100 (CXCR4-CXCL12 antagonist), pemetrexed and AMD3100 plus pemetrexed. The mice were treated respectively for duration of 3 weeks. The size, bioluminescence and weight of tumors were measured. The differences between gene expressions in each group were analyzed. The tumor weights of each treatment group were lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). The bioluminescence of the tumor of the AMD3100 treatment group and the AMD3100 plus pemetrexed treatment group were lower than that of the control group (p<0.05), and AMD3100 was shown to have synergistic effects with pemetrexed (p<0.05). Among the 2.5 billion genes, several hundreds of genes expressed differently between groups. Results show that AMD3100 and pemetrexed can inhibit the growth of MPM in vivo, also that there is a better result if both are used together. Our findings suggest that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis affects a certain amount of gene expression in MPM.

Adrenocortical function in aging exercise-trained rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Severson ◽  
R. D. Fell ◽  
J. G. Tuig ◽  
D. R. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Plasma corticosterone concentrations and in vitro adrenal secretion of corticosterone were determined in exercise-trained rats. Rats, 100, 200, and 300 days of age, were trained for a 10-wk period by treadmill running. Following the training program, rats were subjected to an acute bout of swimming. Acute swimming elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations in all age groups. At 170 days of age, the plasma corticosterone concentration following swimming was higher in exercise-trained rats than in controls. The opposite was true of acutely swum rats at 270 and 370 days of age. Acute swimming elevated the in vitro adrenal gland response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in control rats at all ages and in trained rats at 170 days of age. The in vivo relationship of epinephrine and the pituitary adrenal system is suggested as a mechanism which could have caused this response. The relationship of secretion rates to plasma corticosterone concentrations indicated that extra-adrenal mechanisms, such as decreased turnover, were also responsible for the elevated plasma corticosterone levels observed in response to acute swimming.

scholarly journals Determination of receptor occupancy in the presence of mass dose: [11C]GSK189254 PET imaging of histamine H3 receptor occupancy by PF-03654746

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1095-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Dominique Gallezot ◽  
Beata Planeta ◽  
Nabeel Nabulsi ◽  
Donna Palumbo ◽  
Xiaoxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Receptor Occupancy ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pet Scans

Measurements of drug occupancies using positron emission tomography (PET) can be biased if the radioligand concentration exceeds “tracer” levels. Negative bias would also arise in successive PET scans if clearance of the radioligand is slow, resulting in a carryover effect. We developed a method to (1) estimate the in vivo dissociation constant Kd of a radioligand from PET studies displaying a non-tracer carryover (NTCO) effect and (2) correct the NTCO bias in occupancy studies taking into account the plasma concentration of the radioligand and its in vivo Kd. This method was applied in a study of healthy human subjects with the histamine H3 receptor radioligand [11C]GSK189254 to measure the PK-occupancy relationship of the H3 antagonist PF-03654746. From three test/retest studies, [11C]GSK189254 Kd was estimated to be 9.5 ± 5.9 pM. Oral administration of 0.1 to 4 mg of PF-03654746 resulted in occupancy estimates of 71%–97% and 30%–93% at 3 and 24 h post-drug, respectively. NTCO correction adjusted the occupancy estimates by 0%–15%. Analysis of the relationship between corrected occupancies and PF-03654746 plasma levels indicated that PF-03654746 can fully occupy H3 binding sites ( ROmax = 100%), and its IC50 was estimated to be 0.144 ± 0.010 ng/mL. The uncorrected IC50 was 26% higher.

IN VITRO INHIBITION OF UDP GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASES BY ATAZANAVIR AND OTHER HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF THIS PROPERTY TO IN VIVO BILIRUBIN GLUCURONIDATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donglu Zhang ◽  
Theodore J. Chando ◽  
Donald W. Everett ◽  
Christopher J. Patten ◽  
Shangara S. Dehal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Hiv Protease Inhibitors ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Studies on the relationship of saliva to rumen function of sheep on low feed intakes

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR McManus
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Conscious Sheep ◽  
Mixed Saliva ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Standard Ration

Seven in vivo experiments are reported in which the effects of diverting alkaline mixed saliva from the actively fermenting contents of the rumen of anaesthetized and conscious sheep fed on a standard ration were studied for periods up to 6 hr. The absence of various quantities of saliva (225–1349 ml) was associated with profound alterations in the rumen environment: rumen liquor volatile fatty acid (V.F.A.) levels were consistently and substantially elevated, and rumen pH levels depressed. These changes in the rumen environment began about 40–60 min after saliva diversion commenced, and were sustained long after such values for the control animals had inflected towards fasting levels. Rumen movements were recorded in two experiments. Rumen movement was reduced, but not entirely suppressed, some 60 min after the minimal pH values obtained. It is suggested that this reduction in rumen movement was a consequence of depressed pH values. The rumen pH-rumen V.F.A. relationship was, in six such cases, altered but the strength of this relationship was not significantly changed. It was concluded that these effects on rumen pH-V.F.A. levels and relationship were due, directly or indirectly, to the changed buffering or osmotic regime, or both, of the saliva-depleted rumen liquor. Implications of these findings are discussed in the light of rumen physiology and the field use of oesophageally fistulated sheep.

scholarly journals SIMILARITY OF THE KINETICS OF INVERTASE ACTION IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. III

1933 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Nelson ◽  
B. G. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Identical Manner ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. The relationship of sucrose and water concentration to invertase activity in vivo and in vitro has been studied under the same environmental conditions. 2. The sucroclastic activity of S. cerevisiae cells and of invertase solutions prepared from them reacts to changes in sucrose and water concentration in an identical manner. 3. The invertase contained in living yeast cells is just as freely exposed to the conditions of sucrose and water concentrations of the suspending medium as it would be if it were contained in a cell-free solution. Weight is added to the previous suggestion (2) that yeast invertase exerts its physiological activity in a region quite close to the surface of the cell.

Hematopoietic-repopulating defects from STAT5-deficient bone marrow are not fully accounted for by loss of thrombopoietin responsiveness

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2965-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heath L. Bradley ◽  
Christine Couldrey ◽  
Kevin D. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor ◽  
Direct Head ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT5) plays an important role in repopulating activity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the relationship of STAT5 activation with early acting cytokine receptors is not well established. We have directly compared bone marrow (BM) from mice mutant for STAT5a and STAT5b (STAT5ab-/-) with that from mice lacking c-Mpl (c-Mpl-/-), the thrombopoietin receptor. Both STAT5 and c-Mpl deficiency only mildly affected committed myeloid progenitors assayed in vitro, but STAT5ab-/- BM showed lower Gr-1+ (4.4-fold), B220+ (23-fold), CD4+ (20-fold), and Ter119+ (17-fold) peripheral blood repopulating activity than c-Mpl-/- BM against wild-type competitor in long-term repopulating assays in vivo. Direct head-to-head competitions of STAT5ab-/- BM and c-Mpl-/- BM showed up to a 25-fold reduction in STAT5ab-/- contribution. Differences affecting reconstitution of primitive c-Kit+Lin-Sca-1+ multipotent progenitor (MPP)/HSC (1.8-fold) and c-Kit+Lin-Sca-1- oligopotent progenitor BM fractions (3.3-fold) were more modest. In serial transplantation experiments, STAT5ab-/- and c-Mpl-/- BM both failed to provide consistent engraftment in tertiary hosts and could not radioprotect lethally irradiated quaternary recipients. These results indicate substantial overlap in c-Mpl-STAT5 signaling defects at the MPP/HSC level but indicate that STAT5 is activated independent of c-Mpl to promote multilineage hematopoietic differentiation. (Blood. 2004;103:2965-2972)

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