A Comparative Effect of Clove Essential Oil with Multi-strain Probiotic and Antibiotic on Blood Biochemical Profile in Broiler

Background: An experiment was conducted to compare the blood biochemical profile of broiler chicken feeding three different types of feed additives. Methods: 180 day old broilers chicks of Ven Cobb 400 strain were distributed randomly into 4 groups (T0, T1, T2 and T3) having 45 chicks in each group on the basis of their body weight. Each group divided into 3 replicates of 15 chicks in each. Rations are computed as per BIS (2007) to meet the nutrient requirement and other three groups (T1, T2 and T3) were offered the same standard ration of the control group but supplemented with zinc bacitracin @ 55 mg/kg (T1), probiotic @ 150 mg/kg (T2) and clove oil @ 400 ppm (T3). Result: The result of the experiment showed significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the level of Glucose in T3 group whereas, protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, ALT and AST did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05). Probiotic @ 150 mg/kg and clove oil @ 400 ppm supplemented groups showed significant (p less than 0.05) better cholesterol level compared to control and zinc bacitracin @ 55 mg/kg.

Trough half empty: Pregnant sows are fed under half of their ad libitum intake

Pregnant (dry) sows (S) are fed a rationed amount of feed to maintain healthy weight and production but this does not satisfy their hunger. This study measured the extent of feed restriction compared to sows' desired intake. Forty-seven Large White × Landrace sows were housed in small groups with straw bedding and individual feeding stalls. Following three days on a standard ration of 2.5 kg, they were offered 10 kg a day of commercial dry sow feed for three days, split into four 2.5-kg meals a day which enabled individual intakes to be measured. This quantity was effectively (maximum daily intake 9.4 kg). Mean(± SEM) intake per day over the three days was 5.67 (± 0.24) kg, compared to the 2.5-kg standard ration. The ration thus provides less than half (44.1%) of sows' desired intake. Behaviour on their third rationed day was compared with behaviour on the third day of . Eating rate and the display of hunger-related behaviours, particularly following the morning feed, was greater under ration feeding; sows spent more time in the food stall and less in the straw bed, and more time active rather than resting. During ration-feeding sows also chewed and nosed more at straw bedding and pen equipment and used the drinker more after their morning meal than when they were fed . Eating rate on the last rationed day was positively correlated with feed intake on each of the days. Despite an EU requirement for fibre to be added to diets to ameliorate this problem, and the provision of straw bedding, hunger resulting from food restriction remains a welfare concern for dry sows.

Body Weight, Cholesterol Changes and Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Mice Treated with An Emulsion Product Rich in b-Carotene

Background: One of the conditions for releasing standardized herbal medicines is the presence of pre-clinical testing that can be conducted with mice. Emulsion products with the main composition of pumpkin, red palm oil, and dragon fruit have high levels of β-carotene. The purpose of this study was to observe changes in weight, cholesterol, and sub-chronic toxicity from mice treated with emulsion products.Materials and Methods: Mice observed consisted of 6 groups: (1) untreated control (given standard ration); (2) negative control (given standard ration and 2.8% (v/b) egg yolk); (3) positive control (given standard ration and 0.4% (v/b) β-carotene); (4) standard ration, 0.4% (v/b) β-carotene and 2.8% (v/b) egg yolk; (5) given a standard ration and 2% (v/b) emulsion products; and (6) given a standard ration, 2% (v/b) emulsion products and 2.8% (v/b) egg yolk. Observations of sub-chronic toxicity were done by measuring creatinine levels, kidney weight, and visual observation of kidney swelling.Results: The use of β-carotene-rich emulsions does not cause a decrease in the average weight of mice. In general, β-carotene and emulsion can overcome cholesterol increases on the 7th day, but not for the 15th day as a result of standard food intake. The increase in creatinine levels only occurs in mice treated with egg yolk control. The additional treatment of β-carotene and emulsion successfully prevents the increase in creatinine levels.Conclusion: Emulsion products did not cause changes in weight, were able to reduce cholesterol levels in a limited manner and were not toxic to mice.Keywords: cholesterol changes, sub-chronic toxicity, b-carotene, emulsion

Effect of Supplementation of Monensin Sodium on rumen metabolism and Milk Yield in Early Lactating Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalus)

The study was carried out to assess the effect of monensin sodium supplementation on rumen fermentation metabolites and milk yield in early lactating buffaloes. Twelve buffaloes in their 2nd week of lactation were selected. Control group was fed on standard ration whereas the treatment group was supplemented with monensin sodium @ 200 mg/head/day in addition to standard ration. Rumen liquor and blood sample was collected at 2nd and 12th week of lactation. Total and individual volatile fatty acids concentration was estimated by gas chromatography. Monensin sodium (P less than 0.05) decreases acetate and increases propionate concentration and decreases the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen liquor without altering the total volatile fatty acid concentration in experimental period. Supplemented buffaloes yielded 8.22 per cent more milk than the control.

MICROBIOTA IN MICE CONSUMING FERMENTED LOTUS (Nymphaea pubescens) SEEDS

The objective of this study was to evaluate microbiota in mice consuming fermented lotus seeds. There were two groups of mice studied, namely a group of mice given a standard diet (K), and a group of mice given standard ration added with fermented lotus seeds (TP). The parameters measured in the study were body weight of mice, total microbes, number of BAL, and number of E. coli, (14- and 28- day experiments). Each observation was repeated three times. The results showed that the consumption of fermented lotus seeds did not have any effect on microbiota (the number of microbes, BAL, and E. coli) in mice within the 28- day experiment, but the mice lost weight as much as 2.13%.

Effects of selected vitamins and minerals on growth rate and hematological parameters in broilers

The present study was designed with a view to study the body weight and hematological parameters; total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of growing broilers fed with standard poultry ration. Broilers were kept under close observation for a period of 14 days and body weight was measured at each 7 days interval up to the end of the 35 days of experimental period. A total of 20 (7 days old) broiler chicks were reared throughout the entire period of study. These chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=5). Group A considered as control, fed only standard ration. Group B, C and D was considered as treated group. Group B with vitamin AD3E 1 ml/5 liter drinking water. Group C treated with mineral 1 ml/5 liter dirking water and Group D treated with vitamin (AD3E) 1 ml/5liter and mineral 1 ml/5 liter dirking water with standard ration. It was observed that body weight of broiler increased significantly (p<0.01) in group D compare to group A, B, & C. Total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were significant (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to that of control group A. So it is concluded that vitamin (AD3E) and mineral supplementation with standard ration is beneficial for broiler production and economically profitable.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 487-494

Efeito do Óleo de Coco sobre a Morfologia da Aorta de Ratos Obesos

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência do óleo de coco sobre morfologia da aorta torácica. Foram utilizados 23 animais, com 120 dias de idade. Os animais foram inicialmente separados em dois grupos, controle (tratado com dieta padrão para roedores) e obeso (tratado com dieta hipercalórica para induzir a obesidade). Aos 90 dias, os animais dos grupos controle e obeso foram subdivididos em dois grupos adicionais: C/ag, C/co, O/ag, O/co. Aos 120 dias foram eutanasiados com pentobarbitol sódico. As aortas torácicas extraídas foram processadas histologicamente e coradas com Tricrômico de Masson e Orceína-picrussírus-hematoxilina para visualização dos componentes colágeno, músculo liso e elástico, seguida da quantificação realizada por densidade de volume. Realizou-se a medida íntima-média, para verificação da espessura do vaso. A estatística seguiu Análise de Variância de um fator (ANOVA), seguida pelo teste de Tukey, para nível de significância de 5%. Concluímos que a utilização de óleo de coco em ratos obesos parece induzir uma remodelação vascular marcada pela diminuição na composição de colágeno e aumento de células musculares lisas em ratos obesos tratados com óleo de coco. Effects of Coconut Oil on the Morphology of Obese Rats´ Aorta ABSTRACT: Current study analyzes the influence of coconut oil on the morphology of the thorax aorta in 23 rats aged 120 days. The animals were separated into two groups, control (treated with standard ration for rodents) and obese (treated with a hypercaloric diet to induce obesity). After 90 days the control and obese groups were subdivided into two additional groups: C/ag, C/co, O/ag, O/co. On the 120th day the rats were euthanized with sodium pentobarbitol. The thorax aortas were removed and histologically processed. They were stained with Masson Trichromium and orcein-picrosirius-hematoxylin to visualize collagen components, smooth and elastic muscle, followed by volume density. Vessel thickness was evaluated by intima-media measure. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey´s test were employed at 5% significance. The use of coconut oil in obese rats may have induced vascular re-modeling by decreasing the composition of collagen and increasing the smooth muscle cells in obese rats treated with coconut oil.

The effect of Cattle Fat and Coconut Oil on the Blood LDL Cholesterol of the Chicken (Gallus gallus)

This study was conducted to know the influence of cattle fat and coconut oil in affecting bloodLDL cholesterol. Eighteen male local chickens (Gallus gallus) at the age of 2 months were used. Thechickens were allotted into 3 groups of 6 each. The chickens in each groups were fed with 521 standardration (control groups); 9% cattle fat in standard ration 521 (group II); 9% coconut oil in standardration 521 (group III) for 45 days. All chickens were fed ration and drunk ad libitum every day. At theend of the experiment, the blood samples were collected for analysis blood LDL cholesterol withenzymatic methods using spectrophotometre. Analysis of variance with completely randomized designindicated that treatment significantly effect on blood LDL cholesterol (P0.01). From the results could beconcluded that cattle fat 9% supplementation could be increase blood LDL cholesterol levels. While coconut oil supplementation significantly effect on decrease blood LDL cholesterol levels. Keywords: cattle fat, coconut oil, LDL cholesterol

Simple mixes of molassed sugar beet feed, field beans and distillers grains for pregnant March-lambing ewes

Feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy and in early lactation has shown that ewe and lamb performance can be satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation is fed (Davies and Chapple, 1995). Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration. However, soya bean meal is imported and may not be fully traceable. Maize or barley distillers fed with beans could provide traceable protein to replace soya bean meal in sheep diets. Experiments with housed early-lambing ewes and ewes suckling twin lambs at grass have shown that traceable feeds, based on molassed sugar beet and either maize or barley distillers grains, can replace a barley/soya supplement when fed with straw based diets in late pregnancy or at grass (Chappleet al., 1999 and 2000). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds with distillers grains and beans to March-lambing ewes on a straw-based system.

Simple mixes of molassed sugar beet feed and distillers grains for lactating ewes

Feeding of lowland sheep on straw-based systems during pregnancy and in early lactation has shown that ewe and lamb performance can be satisfactory, providing adequate compound supplementation is fed (Davies and Chapple, 1995). Whole barley and soya bean meal has been the standard ration. However, soya bean meal is imported and not fully traceable. Experiments with January- and March-lambing ewes have shown that traceable, homeproduced feeds based on equal quantities of molassed sugar beet feed and either maize or barley distillers grains can replace a barley/soya supplement when fed with straw or silage-based diets in late pregnancy (Chappleet al., 1998 and 1999). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects on ewe and lamb performance of feeding sugar beet feeds with distillers grains to March-lambing ewes rearing twin lambs at pasture.