scholarly journals Nano- and Micro-Porous Chitosan Membranes for Human Epidermal Stratification and Differentiation

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Simona Salerno ◽  
Maria Penelope De Santo ◽  
Enrico Drioli ◽  
Loredana De Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Toxicity Of Drugs

The creation of partial or complete human epidermis represents a critical aspect and the major challenge of skin tissue engineering. This work was aimed at investigating the effect of nano- and micro-structured CHT membranes on human keratinocyte stratification and differentiation. To this end, nanoporous and microporous membranes of chitosan (CHT) were prepared by phase inversion technique tailoring the operational parameters in order to obtain nano- and micro-structured flat membranes with specific surface properties. Microporous structures with different mean pore diameters were created by adding and dissolving, in the polymeric solution, polyethylene glycol (PEG Mw 10,000 Da) as porogen, with a different CHT/PEG ratio. The developed membranes were characterized and assessed for epidermal construction by culturing human keratinocytes on them for up to 21 days. The overall results demonstrated that the membrane surface properties strongly affect the stratification and terminal differentiation of human keratinocytes. In particular, human keratinocytes adhered on nanoporous CHT membranes, developing the structure of the corneum epidermal top layer, characterized by low thickness and low cell proliferation. On the microporous CHT membrane, keratinocytes formed an epidermal basal lamina, with high proliferating cells that stratified and differentiated over time, migrating along the z axis and forming a multilayered epidermis. This strategy represents an attractive tissue engineering approach for the creation of specific human epidermal strata for testing the effects and toxicity of drugs, cosmetics and pollutants.

scholarly journals Biopolymer Matrices Based on Chitosan and Fibroin: A Review Focused on Methods for Studying Surface Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-167
Author(s):  
Vasilina A. Zakharova ◽  
Nataliya R. Kildeeva
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Engineered Structures ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Living Objects ◽  
Molecular Layers

For the creation of tissue-engineered structures based on natural biopolymers with the necessary chemical, physical, adhesive, morphological, and regenerative properties, biocompatible materials based on polysaccharides and proteins are used. This work is devoted to a problem of the technology of polymeric materials for biomedical purposes: the creation of biopolymer tissue engineering matrix and the development of a methodology for studying morphology and functional properties of their surface to establish the prospects for using the material for contact with living objects. The conditions for the formation of scaffolds based on composite materials of chitosan and fibroin determine the structure of the material, the thickness and orientation of molecular layers, the surface morphology, and other parameters that affect cell adhesion and growth. The analysis of studies of the morphology and properties of the surface of biopolymer matrices obtained using different methods of molding from solutions of chitosan and fibroin is carried out.

Performance of Photocatalytic Microfiltration with Hollow Fiber Membrane

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Tae Jung ◽  
Jong Oh Kim ◽  
Won Youl Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Tio2 Particles

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the operational parameters of the UV intensity and TiO2 dosage for the removal of humic acid and heavy metals. It also evaluated the applicability of hollow fiber microfiltration for the separation of TiO2 particles in photocatalytic microfiltration systems. TiO2 powder P-25 Degussa and hollow fiber microfiltration with a 0.4 μm nominal pore size were used for experiments. Under the conditions of pH 7 and a TiO2 dosage 0.3 g/L, the reaction rate constant (k) for humic acid and heavy metals increased with an increase of the UV intensity in each process. For the UV/TiO2/MF process, the reaction rate constant (k) for humic acid and Cu, with the exception of Cr in a low range of UV intensity, was higher compared to that of UV/TiO2 due to the adsorption of the membrane surface. The reaction rate constant (k) increased as the TiO2 dosage increased in the range of 0.1~0.3 g/L. However it decreased for a concentration over 0.3 g/L of TiO2. For the UV/TiO2/MF process, TiO2 particles could be effectively separated from treated water via membrane rejection. The average removal efficiency for humic acid and heavy metals during the operational time was over 90 %. Therefore, photocatalysis with a membrane is believed to be a viable process for humic acid and heavy metals removal.

scholarly journals Fluorescent probes of membrane surface properties

1996 ◽  
Vol 1284 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel F. Epand ◽  
Ruud Kraayenhof ◽  
Geert J. Sterk ◽  
Harro W. Wong Fong Sang ◽  
Richard M. Epand
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Membrane Surface

Preparation of Porous Multi-Channeled Chitosan Conduits for Nerve Tissue Engineering

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Ao ◽  
A.J. Wang ◽  
W.L. Cao ◽  
C. Zhao ◽  
Ya Dong Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Nerve Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chitosan Gel

A new method to fabricate porous chitosan nerve conduits with multi-channels was described. A uniquely designed mold was composed of 7-50 stainless steel needles and a set of plastic pedestals. Porous or imperforate chitosan tubes with 2-5mm inner diameter and 0.2-1.0 mm wall thickness were made firstly. The chitosan tubes were injected with 3% chitosan gel. The stainless steel needles longitudinally perforated through the chitosan tubes filled with chitosan gel, and the plastic pedestals were used to fix the needles. Lyophilization was used to finish fabrication. The diameter of channels was 0.2-0.4mm. Swelling property and biodegradability of Multi-channeled chitosan conduits were investigated. Wright’s staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe spread and proliferation of Neuroblastoma cells (N2A, mouse) on the conduits. It is promising that the porous chitosan nerve conduits with multi-channels are used as nerve tissue engineering scaffolds in repair of peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries.

scholarly journals Gas Permeation Characteristics across Nano-Porous Inorganic Membranes

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R Othman, H. Mukhtar ◽  
A.L. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Knudsen Diffusion ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Operational Parameters

An overview of parameters affecting gas permeation in inorganic membranes is presented. These factors include membrane physical characteristics, operational parameters and gas molecular characteristics. The membrane physical characteristics include membrane materials and surface area, porosity, pore size and pore size distribution and membrane morphology. The operational parameters include feed flow rate and concentration, stage cut, temperature and pressure. The gas molecular characteristics include gas molecular weight, diameter, critical temperature, critical pressure, Lennard-Jones parameters and diffusion volumes. The current techniques of material characterization may require complementary method in describing microscopic heterogeneity of the porous ceramic media. The method to be incorporated in the future will be to apply a stochastic model and/or fractal dimension. Keywords: Inorganic membrane, surface adsorption, Knudsen diffusion, Micro-porous membrane, permeation, gas separation.

Fabrication of porous chitosan scaffolds for soft tissue engineering using dense gas CO2

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1653-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengdong Ji ◽  
Nasim Annabi ◽  
Ali Khademhosseini ◽  
Fariba Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dense Gas ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Scaffolds ◽  
Soft Tissue Engineering
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