scholarly journals A Systematic Study of Ammonia Recovery from Anaerobic Digestate Using Membrane-Based Separation

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Fanny Rivera ◽  
Raúl Muñoz ◽  
Pedro Prádanos ◽  
Antonio Hernández ◽  
Laura Palacio
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
H2so4 Solution ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Ammonia Recovery

Ammonia recovery from synthetic and real anaerobic digestates was accomplished using hydrophobic flat sheet membranes operated with H2SO4 solutions to convert ammonia into ammonium sulphate. The influence of the membrane material, flow rate (0.007, 0.015, 0.030 and 0.045 m3 h−1) and pH (7.6, 8.9, 10 and 11) of the digestate on ammonia recovery was investigated. The process was carried out with a flat sheet configuration at a temperature of 35 °C and with a 1 M, or 0.005 M, H2SO4 solution on the other side of the membrane. Polytetrafluoroethylene membranes with a nominal pore radius of 0.22 µm provided ammonia recoveries from synthetic and real digestates of 84.6% ± 1.0% and 71.6% ± 0.3%, respectively, for a membrane area of 8.6 × 10−4 m2 and a reservoir volume of 0.5 L, in 3.5 h with a 1 M H2SO4 solution and a recirculation flow on the feed side of the membrane of 0.030 m3 h−1. NH3 recovery followed first order kinetics and was faster at higher pHs of the H2SO4 solution and recirculation flow rate on the membrane feed side. Fouling resulted in changes in membrane surface morphology and pore size, which were confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy and Air Displacement Porometry.

Mechanical Properties of Membrane Surface of Cultured Astrocyte Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (Part 1, No. 6B) ◽  
pp. 3711-3716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatsuki Shiga ◽  
Yukako Yamane ◽  
Etsuro Ito ◽  
Kazuhiro Abe ◽  
Kazushige Kawabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Image enhancement of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane surface structure for atomic force microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Fritzsche ◽  
A. R. Arevalo ◽  
M. D. Moore ◽  
C. J. Weber ◽  
V. B. Elings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Imaging of the membrane surface of MDCK cells by atomic force microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Le Grimellec ◽  
E. Lesniewska ◽  
C. Cachia ◽  
J.P. Schreiber ◽  
F. de Fornel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

DISEASED RED BLOOD CELLS STUDIED BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

2002 ◽  
Vol 01 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG CHEN ◽  
JIYE CAI ◽  
JINGXIAN ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Membrane Surfaces ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Mean Width

In recent years, many mammalian cells, especially erythrocytes because of simpleness of their membrane surfaces, were widely studied by atomic force microscopy. In our study, diseased erythrocytes were taken from patients of lung cancer, myelodisplastic syndrome (MDS), and so on. We obtained many clear topographical images of numerous erythrocytes, single erythrocyte, and ultramicrostructure of erythrocyte membrane surfaces from normal persons and patients. By studying the red cells of lung cancer patients, we found that many erythrocytes of lung cancer patient have changed into echinocytes. One erythrocyte has 10–20 short projections, most of which, with a mean width of 589.0 nm and a length of 646.7 nm, are on the edge of cell. The projections in the center of echinocytes are lodged and embedded, but in conventional model of echinocytes, the projections in the center stretch outside cell membrane, so a novel model of erythrocytes was designed in our paper. After observation of microstructure of MDS patient's erythrocyte membrane surface, we found that many apertures with different diameters of tens to hundreds nanometers appeared on the surface of cell membrane. It can be concluded that AFM may be widely applied in clinic pathological inspection.

Relationship between Precursor Gas Flow Rate with the Structural and Morphology Properties of Diamond like Carbon Films

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Ong Wai Kit ◽  
Karim bin Deraman ◽  
Wan Nurulhuda Wan Shamsuri ◽  
Jackie Chen Keng Yik
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Direct Current Plasma

Diamond like carbon (DLC) thin films were grown onto glass substrates by using direct current plasma enhance chemical vapour deposition (DC-PECVD) system. Films were deposited under fixed deposition pressure (4 x 10-1 Torr), substrate temperature (500°C) and deposition time (3 hours) but with different flow rate of precursor gas (methane, hydrogen and argon). The fabricated films were characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XRD has revealed that the DLC films were having amorphous phase as the XRD spectrum did not show any obvious sharp peak. From AFM, it was discovered that the precursor gas flow rate has inversely relationship with the grain size and surface roughness of films.

Synthesis of Photopolymerizable Glycolipids and their Application as Scaffolds to Immobilize Proteins with a Micron-Sized Pattern

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Nagahori ◽  
Kenichi Niikura ◽  
Reiko Sadamoto ◽  
Kenji Monde ◽  
Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Carbohydrate Ligands ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding Proteins

Photopolymerizable glycolipids incorporating ceramide- or amido-type linkers and able to form stable monolayers were efficiently synthesized by chemical and enzymatic methods. Glycolipid polymer films served as platforms for the immobilization of proteins through specific carbohydrate–protein interactions at the air–water interface. Carbohydrate-binding proteins deposited on the glycolipid film were observed by atomic force microscopy, which showed varying submicron-sized protein patterns such as dendrites, dots, and networks, depending on the lipid structure, membrane preparation process, and sugar density of the membrane. Surface plasmon resonance measurement confirmed that the subunit-type lectins immobilized on the glycolipid membranes exhibited the ability to interact specifically with carbohydrate ligands by using unoccupied binding sites.

scholarly journals Observation of Polymer Membrane Surface in Water by Atomic Force Microscopy.

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 660-663
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Hayashi ◽  
Tatsuji Murata ◽  
Akihiko Tanioka
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Polymer Membrane ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Research in Surface Modification and Anti-Fouling of Polypropylene Porous Membrane

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Chao Lin Miao ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Grafting Polymerization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Polypropylene Membrane ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scanning Electron

Surface modification of microporous polypropylene membrane was performed by grafting polymerization of acrylamide.The morphological and microstructure changes of the membrane surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that the pore size of the grafted membrane was reduced.

Preparation and Characterization of a PVDF Membrane Modified by an Ionic Liquid

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengzhi Bei ◽  
Hongjing Liu ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Pvdf Membrane ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Modified Membrane

In order to enhance the hydrophobicity of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) porous membranes, the blending of PVDF with a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF6]) was carried out. The modified PVDF membranes with [Bmim][PF6] were fabricated through a non-solvent induced phase inversion using lithium chloride as a porogen in the PVDF casting solution. The effects of [Bmim][PF6] on the membrane characteristics were investigated. FT-IR analysis indicates that the IL is successfully retained by the PVDF membrane. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the optimum temperature of the modified membrane is below 300°C. Scanning electron microscopy pictures show that modified membranes have more homogeneous and larger diameter pores with a mean pore size of 0.521µm and porosity of 78%. By measuring the IL leaching during the membrane fabrication, it was found that the modified membrane does not lose IL. Atomic force microscopy shows that the roughness of the modified membrane surface increases slightly, but the contact angle of the modified membrane increases significantly from 88.1° to 110.1°. The reason for this is that the fluorine-containing IL has a low surface energy, which can enhance the hydrophobicity of the membrane. Finally, by comparing modified membranes with different IL concentrations, we draw a conclusion that the modified membrane with an IL concentration of 3 wt-% has the best properties of pore size, porosity, and hydrophobicity.

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