scholarly journals Investigations on Tailored Forming of AISI 52100 as Rolling Bearing Raceway

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Timm Coors ◽  
Maximilian Mildebrath ◽  
Christoph Büdenbender ◽  
Felix Saure ◽  
Mohamad Yusuf Faqiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
Tailored Forming

Hybrid cylindrical roller thrust bearing washers of type 81212 were manufactured by tailored forming. An AISI 1022M base material, featuring a sufficient strength for structural loads, was cladded with the bearing steel AISI 52100 by plasma transferred arc welding (PTA). Though AISI 52100 is generally regarded as non-weldable, it could be applied as a cladding material by adjusting PTA parameters. The cladded parts were investigated after each individual process step and subsequently tested under rolling contact load. Welding defects that could not be completely eliminated by the subsequent hot forming were characterized by means of scanning acoustic microscopy and micrographs. Below the surface, pores with a typical size of ten µm were found to a depth of about 0.45 mm. In the material transition zone and between individual weld seams, larger voids were observed. Grinding of the surface after heat treatment caused compressive residual stresses near the surface with a relatively small depth. Fatigue tests were carried out on an FE8 test rig. Eighty-two percent of the calculated rating life for conventional bearings was achieved. A high failure slope of the Weibull regression was determined. A relationship between the weld defects and the fatigue behavior is likely.

Microstructural Alterations of Rolling—Bearing Steel Undergoing Cyclic Stressing

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Martin ◽  
S. F. Borgese ◽  
A. D. Eberhardt
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Microstructural Alterations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
A Cell

After prolonged cyclic stressing in rolling contact, AISI 52100 bearing steel parts develop extensive regions of microstructural alteration, designated as white etching areas. These are oriented in predictable directions relative to the rolling track. Lenticular carbides are always associated with these areas. Evidence is presented indicating that the boundaries of lenticular carbides constitute planes of weakness which may be preferred planes of fatigue cracking. In the transmission electron microscope the martensitic structure appears gradually transformed into a cell like structure by the action of cyclic stress. The size of crystallites is greatly reduced in this process. The density of microstructural change is found increased with cycling and is distributed in depth along a curve resembling that of the calculated maximum unidirectional shear stress with little or no visible change in the region of maximum orthogonal (alternating) shear stress.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and Evaluation of Multi-Material Axial-Bearing Washers by Tailored Forming

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd-Arno Behrens ◽  
Alexander Chugreev ◽  
Tim Matthias ◽  
Gerhard Poll ◽  
Florian Pape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Structure ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Rolling Bearings ◽  
Cylindrical Roller ◽  
Tailored Forming

Components subject to rolling contact fatigue, such as gears and rolling bearings, are among the fundamental machine elements in mechanical and vehicle engineering. Rolling bearings are generally not designed to be fatigue-resistant, as the necessary oversizing is not technically and economically marketable. In order to improve the load-bearing capacity, resource efficiency and application possibilities of rolling bearings and other possible multi-material solid components, a new process chain was developed at Leibniz University Hannover as a part of the Collaborative Research Centre 1153 “Tailored Forming”. Semi-finished products, already joined before the forming process, are used here to allow a further optimisation of joint quality by forming and finishing. In this paper, a plasma-powder-deposition welding process is presented, which enables precise material deposition and control of the welding depth. For this study, bearing washers (serving as rolling bearing raceways) of a cylindrical roller thrust bearing, similar to type 81212 with a multi-layer structure, were manufactured. A previously non-weldable high-performance material, steel AISI 5140, was used as the cladding layer. Depending on the degree of forming, grain-refinement within the welded material was achieved by thermo-mechanical treatment of the joining zone during the forming process. This grain-refinements lead to an improvement of the mechanical properties and thus, to a higher lifetime for washers of an axial cylindrical roller bearing, which were examined as an exemplary component on a fatigue test bench. To evaluate the bearing washers, the results of the bearing tests were compared with industrial bearings and deposition welded axial-bearing washers without subsequent forming. In addition, the bearing washers were analysed micro-tribologically and by scanning acoustic microscopy both after welding and after the forming process. Nano-scratch tests were carried out on the bearing washers to analyse the layer properties. Together with the results of additional microscopic images of the surface and cross-sections, the causes of failure due to fatigue and wear were identified.

Very Long Life Fatigue Behavior of Bearing Steel AISI 52100

2005 ◽  
pp. 1846-1851
Author(s):  
Q.Y. Wang ◽  
Hong Yan Zhang ◽  
M.R. Sriraman ◽  
S.X. Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Long Life

Very Long Life Fatigue Behavior of Bearing Steel AISI 52100

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1846-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.Y. Wang ◽  
Hong Yan Zhang ◽  
M.R. Sriraman ◽  
Shou Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Limit ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Reversed Loading ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Number Of Cycles

For many applications, the understanding of very long life fatigue in materials becomes extremely important. In this study, the fatigue behavior of bearing steel GCr15 (conforming to AISI 52100) at very high number of cycles has been examined. Experiments on hourglass specimens were conducted in air at room temperature, for fully reversed loading condition (R=-1), using a piezoelectric fatigue testing machine operating at a frequency of 20kHz. The results indicate that the S-N data does not reach a horizontal asymptote (signifying the fatigue limit) at 107 cycles, as conventionally believed, and that the material can fracture up to 109 cycles. Therefore, to quote a fatigue limit at 107 cycles may not hold good for the material studied. The influence of defects (such as inclusions) on the crack initiation and fracture was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.

The Influence of Heat Generation In the Contact Zone on Bearing Fatigue Behavior

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Ju¨rgen Bo¨hmer ◽  
Thomas Lo¨sche ◽  
Franz-Josef Ebert ◽  
Edgar Streit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Higher Temperature

The material behavior of the standard bearing steel SAE 52100 and the heat resistant bearing steels M50, M50 NiL, and Cronidur 30 as a function of the operational temperature has been investigated. The reduction in rolling contact fatigue strength due to a temperature rise was found to be significantly higher than the reduction of hardness. The mechanism of heat generation due to the bearing operation induces a temperature distribution, which makes it necessary to distinguish between the temperature ruling the subsurface fatigue processes and a higher temperature dominating the surface originated damage initiation.

Residual Stress Change Due to Rolling Contact of Ball and Roller Bearings

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Kikuo Maeda ◽  
Noriyuki Tsushima ◽  
Hiroshi Muro
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Compressive Yield Strength ◽  
Rolling Elements ◽  
Hertzian Contact Stress

The life of a rolling bearing is predominantly determined by the contact stress between the rolling elements (ball and roller) and the raceway of inner and outer rings. The contact stress is calculated by assuming Hertzian stress distribution. The maximum Hertzian contact stress Pmax usually ranges from 2000 to 3000 MPa in actual service of rolling bearings. These figures are rather large compared to the compressive yield strength of hardened bearing steel (σys = 2000 MPa). Therefore plastic deformation sometimes occurs under the raceway, creating residual compressive stress. Several investigators have so far reported about the residual stress due to rolling contact. There were, however, few who referred to the residual stress in used bearings and application of residual stress measurement to failure analysis.

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