Improved Commercially Pure Titanium Obtained by Laser Directed Energy Deposition for Dental Prosthetic Applications

The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the cp-Ti obtained through the laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) technique as a material for dental prostheses through an evaluation of the microstructural, mechanical, and electrochemical properties. Additionally, the material resulting from LDED is also compared with the same alloy employed for milling in the dental restorative industry. The results obtained show that both materials have good overall performance for biomedical applications according to the ISO 22674 and ISO 10271 dentistry standards. Both materials have high corrosion resistance, typical of this alloy. However, commercially pure titanium grade 4 obtained by LDED present a higher mechanical performance than the ones resulting from the milling technique: 7% increment of ultimate tensile strength, 12.9% increment of elongation after fracture and 30% increment of toughness. This improved mechanical performance can be attributed to microstructure modification inherent to the LDED process.

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Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of a 3 mm Commercially Pure Titanium Plate (CP-Ti Grade 2)

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/6646588 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

D. Mpumlwana ◽

V. Msomi ◽

C. J. S. Fourie

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Parent Material ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Heating Period ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Titanium Grade ◽

Cp Ti

Titanium is seen as a good material for application in many fields due to its compatibility with different environments. However, it remains unclear whether what happens when this material is exposed to certain high temperatures for longer periods of time. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat on a 3 mm commercially pure titanium grade 2 plate at a constant temperature of 900°C at different heating times. Three different heating times were employed in this study: 30 minutes for the first period, 60 minutes for the second period, and 90 minutes for the third period. All heated samples were air cooled to room temperature after each heating period. Microhardness, microstructure, tensile strength, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were performed. All the results were analyzed and compared with the parent sample. It was observed that the heating period influenced microstructural arrangement of the material. The microstructural changes affected negatively the ultimate tensile strength while percentage elongation was improved. The microhardness of the heat treated samples were firstly negatively affected which later jumped and exceeded that of the parent material.

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UPM CP TITANIUM GRADE 3 (UNS R50550)

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ti0167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Continuous Service ◽

Pure Grade ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Titanium Grade ◽

Design Stress

Abstract UPM CP Titanium Grade 3 (UNS R50550) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium that exhibits moderate strength (higher strength than that of Titanium Grade 2), along with excellent formability and corrosion resistance. It offers the highest ASME allowable design stress of any commercially pure grade of titanium, and can be used in continuous service up to 425 °C (800 °F) and in intermittent service up to 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-167. Producer or source: United Performance Metals.

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Thermomechanical Response of Commercially Pure Titanium under Large Plastic Deformation at High Strain Rates

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.174 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 548 ◽

pp. 174-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chong Yang Gao ◽

Wei Ran Lu

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Strain Rates ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Thermomechanical Response ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Cp Ti ◽

Constitutive Parameters

By using a dislocation-based plastic constitutive model for hcp metals developed by us recently, the dynamic thermomechanical response of an important industrial material, commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), was described at different temperatures and strain rates. The constitutive parameters of the material are determined by an efficient optimization method for a globally optimal solution. The model can well predict the dynamic response of CP-Ti by the comparison with experimental data and the Nemat-Nasser-Guo model.

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The Influence of Laser Irradiation Parameters on Tribological Behaviour of Commercially Pure Titanium for Dental Prostheses

Volume 14: Emerging Technologies; Materials: Genetics to Structures; Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis ◽

10.1115/imece2016-66524 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Karibeeran Shanmuga Sundaram ◽

Gurusami Kiliyappan ◽

Senthil Kumaran Selvadurai

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Laser Surface ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Laser Shock ◽

Micro Hardness ◽

Dental Prostheses ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Cp Ti

Laser shock peening (LSP) is one of the innovative technique that produces a compressive residual stress on the surface of metallic materials, thereby significantly increasing its fatigue life in applications where failure is caused by surface-initiated cracks. The specimens were treated with laser shock waves with different processing parameters, and characterization studies were made on treated specimens. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of Nd:YAG laser on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) used in prosthetic dental restorations. The treatment influenced change in microstructure, micro hardness, surface roughness, and wear resistance characteristics. Though CP-Ti is considered as an excellent material for dental applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, it is not suitable when high mastication forces are applied. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser surface treatment technique was adopted to improve the wear resistance of CP-Ti. The wear test pin specimens of CP-Ti were investment cast with centrifugal titanium casting machine. The wear properties of specimens were evaluated after LSP on a “pin-on-disc” wear testing tribometer, as per ASTM G99-05 standards. The results of the wear experiment showed that the treated laser surface has higher wear resistance, micro hardness, and surface roughness compared to as-cast samples. The improvement of wear resistance may be attributed due to grain refinement imparted by LSP processes. The microstructure, wear surfaces, wear debris, and morphology of the specimen were analyzed by using optical electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The data were compared using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. The characteristic change resulted in increase in wear resistance and decrease in wear rate. Hence, it is evident that the more reliable and removable partial denture metal frameworks for dental prostheses may find its applications.

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The influence of mold temperature on the fit of cast crowns with commercially pure titanium

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242005000200012 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wagner Sotero Fragoso ◽

Guilherme Elias Pessanha Henriques ◽

Edwin Fernando Ruiz Contreras ◽

Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Mold Temperature ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Mechanical Grinding ◽

Marginal Fit ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Cp Ti

Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) has been widely applied to fabricate cast devices because of its favorable properties. However, the mold temperature recommended for the manufacture of casts has been considered relatively low, causing inadequate castability and poor marginal fit of cast crowns. This study evaluated and compared the influence of mold temperature (430°C - as control, 550°C, 670°C) on the marginal discrepancies of cast CP Ti crowns. Eight bovine teeth were prepared on a mechanical grinding device and impressions were used to duplicate each tooth and produce eight master dies. Twenty-four crowns were fabricated using CP Ti in three different groups of mold temperature (n = 8): 430°C (as control), 550°C and 670°C. The gap between the crown and the bovine tooth was measured at 50 X magnification with a traveling microscope. The marginal fit values of the cast CP Ti crowns were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.03). The 550°C group (95.0 µm) showed significantly better marginal fit than the crowns of the 430°C group (203.4 µm) and 670°C group (213.8 µm). Better marginal fit for cast CP Ti crowns was observed with the mold temperature of 550°C, differing from the 430°C recommended by the manufacturer.

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The Effects Of Friction On Stamping Process Of Sheet Metals Used In Aviation

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials ◽

10.1515/amm-2015-0323 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 1895-1900 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Dyja ◽

W. Więckowski

Keyword(s):

Pure Titanium ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Spherical Cap ◽

Drawing Test ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Stamping Process ◽

Strip Drawing ◽

Titanium Grade ◽

The Impact ◽

Lubrication Conditions

Abstract An important factor in the possibility of obtaining correct drawn parts with the desired functional properties is the friction between the stamped sheet and the tool. The article discusses the impact of technological lubricants developed according to our own formulas, based on vegetable oils, on the stamping process taking into account the strain distributions in the drawn parts. Biodegradable lubricants based on rapeseed oil with an addition of stearic acid or boric acid were used. The results of the friction coefficient in a strip drawing test and the numerical analysis results of the stamping process of a spherical cap from sheet metal: aluminium 2024, commercially pure titanium Grade 2, steel 5604 in dry friction and lubrication conditions, are presented. Strain distributions and changes in the drawn part wall thickness were analysed.

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Pack Cementation Treatment of Titanium Using Tetracalcium Phosphate Powder for Biomedical Applications

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2172 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 654-656 ◽

pp. 2172-2175

Author(s):

Kyosuke Ueda ◽

Hajime Suto ◽

Kaori Nakaie ◽

Takayuki Narushima

Keyword(s):

Reaction Layer ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Pack Cementation ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Commercially Pure Titanium ◽

Tetracalcium Phosphate ◽

Phosphate Powder ◽

Commercially Pure ◽

Cp Ti

The surface modification of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) by pack cementation treatment at 973 K using tetracalcium phosphate (Ca4(PO4)2O, TTCP) slurry was investigated. An HAp phase and a CaTiO3 phase were observed on the reaction layer of the CP Ti substrate after pack cementation treatment at 973 K for 86.4 ks. TTCP powder decomposed to HAp and CaO, and CaO reacted with TiO2 to form CaTiO3. The reaction layer on the CP Ti substrate consisted of inner and outer layers and the particles were in the outer reaction layer. The pores observed on the reaction layer were formed by the detachment of particles from the outer layer. The bonding strength of the reaction layer was 68.1 MPa. Apatite completely covered the surface of the pack-cementation-treated CP Ti after immersion in Kokubo solution for 21.6 ks; such rapid apatite formation suggests that pack cementation treatment improves the biocompatibility of titanium.

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