scholarly journals A Study on the Bond Strength of Plastic–Metal Direct Bonds Using Friction Press Joining

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Stefan P. Meyer ◽  
Maren T. Herold ◽  
Jan B. Habedank ◽  
Michael F. Zaeh
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Friction Press ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Plastic Metal ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Joining Process

Friction press joining (FPJ) is an innovative joining process for bonding plastic components and metal sheets without additives in an overlap configuration. This paper focuses on the resulting bond strength. Tensile tests showed that the direct bonds produced by FPJ have either an equivalent or a higher bond strength compared to adhesive bonds. For the material combination of HD-PE and EN AW-6082-T6, an equivalent bond strength was achieved. In contrast, for the material combinations PA6-GF30 with EN AW-6082-T6 and PPS-CF with EN AW-2024-T3, higher tensile shear strengths were achieved via the FPJ technology. In addition to the technical considerations, this paper presents an evaluation of the technological maturity of FPJ. It was found that the basics of the technology are already well developed, and prototypes for showing the applicability have already been manufactured. The last part of this paper deals with the classification of FPJ into the standard for manufacturing processes, according to DIN 8593. The authors suggest a categorization into Activation bonding (item 4.8.1.3). These investigations show the high technical potential of FPJ for joining plastic components with metals.

scholarly journals Influence of the laser-based surface modification on the bond strength for friction press joining of aluminum and polyethylene

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan P. Meyer ◽  
Christoph Wunderling ◽  
Michael F. Zaeh
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Friction Press ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Plastic Metal ◽  
High Bond ◽  
High Bond Strength ◽  
Joining Process

Abstract Friction press joining is an innovative joining process for the production of plastic-metal joints without additives, in an overlap configuration. In order to achieve a high bond strength, the metallic joining partner is pretreated with laser radiation. Subsequently, heat is induced by friction and pressure during the joining process, causing the thermoplastic material to melt and adhere to the metallic joining partner. In this work, the temperature distribution during the process in the composite is analyzed and characterized. It was found that the occurring temperatures and temperature differences are not only dependent on the rotational speed, but also on the feed rate. It is also shown that the friction surface temperature can be used as an indirect control variable for a model-based, closed-loop control. Based on these findings, various surface modifications for the metallic joining partner were investigated and analyzed with regard to the maximum strength of the joint. It was observed that the highest tensile shear strength can be achieved with a quasi-chaotic nano structure. In addition, the joining compound was characterized by a thin section, facilitating the identification of specific zones in the joint. These investigations show the high potential for friction press joining of plastics and metals, and form the basis for a model-based control of the joining zone temperature.

Macro- and micromechanical characterization of wood-adhesive bonds exposed to alternating climate conditions

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Follrich ◽  
Frank Stöckel ◽  
Johannes Konnerth
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tangential Direction ◽  
Wood Adhesive ◽  
Bond Line ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Micromechanical Characterization

Abstract Three-part specimens were produced from Norway spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) and bonded with the following adhesives: melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF), and a two-component emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI). The effect of alternating climate conditions on bond strength was studied by tensile tests. The specimens were exposed to a three-step ageing cycle lasting for 7 days [50°C/95% relative humidity (RH), -20°C/65– 70% RH and 75°C/15% RH] which was repeated 24 times. In general, a decrease in internal bond strength of all exposed specimens was observed but it was highest in the case of MUF-bonded joints. Furthermore, a significant decrease of the tensile strength of the wood adherend perpendicular to the grain in the tangential direction was determined after the cyclic climatic changes. The mechanical performance of the different adhesives in the bond line was tested by means of nanoindentation. Reduced values of elastic modulus, hardness, and total indentation were observed after climatic treatment, particularly for the rigid MUF adhesive, whereas the flexible adhesive EPI did not show such changes.

NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL DAMAGE OF ADHESIVES USING MAGNETO-ELECTRIC NANOPARTICLES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
GONZALO SEISDEDOS ◽  
BRIAN HERNANDEZ ◽  
JULIETTE DUBON ◽  
MARIANA ONTIVEROS ◽  
BENJAMIN BOESL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Joint ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Adhesive Bond ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Magnetic Signatures ◽  
Looper System ◽  
Lock In

Adhesive bonding has been shown to successfully address some of the main problems with traditional fasteners, such as the reduction of the overall weight and a more uniformly distributed stress state. However, due to the unpredictability of failure of adhesive bonds, their use is not widely accepted in the aerospace industry. Unlike traditional fastening methods, it is difficult to inspect the health of an adhesive joint once it has been cured. For adhesive bonding to be widely accepted and implemented, there must be a better understanding of the fracture mechanism of the adhesive joints, as well as a way to monitor the health of the bonds nondestructively. Therefore, in-field structural health monitoring is an important tool to ensure optimal condition of the bond is present during its lifetime. This project focuses on the advancement of a non-invasive field instrument for evaluation of the health of the adhesive joints. The tool developed is based on a B-H looper system where coils are arranged into a noise-cancellation configuration to measure the magnetic susceptibility of the samples with a lock-in amplifier. The B-H looper system can evaluate the state of damage in an adhesive bond by detecting changes in surface charge density at the molecular level of an epoxy-based adhesive doped with magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs). Epoxy-based adhesive samples were doped with MENs and then scanned using the B-H looper system. To evaluate the health of the adhesive joint, microindentation and tensile tests were performed on MENs-doped adhesive samples to understand the relationship between mechanical damage and magnetic signal. Correlations between magnetic signatures and mechanical damage were minimally observed, thus future studies will focus on refining the procedure and damaging methodology.

Mechanical Characterization of Metal Sheets by Means of Double Indentation

2007 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Quadrini ◽  
Loredana Santo ◽  
Erica Anna Squeo
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Testing Rate ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Tensile Data ◽  
On Line ◽  
Fast Procedure ◽  
Non Destructive

An easy and innovative technique for metal sheet characterization is described. A double indentation is performed on sheets by means of two co-axial small diameter flat indenters made of WC. A very small indentation is left on the sheet, so as to consider this technique a non destructive one, particularly suitable for on-line application. The proposed method was tested on sheets of aluminum alloy (6082 T6) with several thicknesses (nominally 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.5 mm). Double indentations were performed changing indenter diameter (1 and 2 mm) and testing rate (from 0.05 to 1 mm/min). In order to make a comparison with indentation tests, flat specimens were cut from the same sheets and standard tensile tests were performed. A very good correlation was found between indentation and tensile test results, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method. A suitable data normalization is necessary to correctly compare indentation and tensile data. The best results were obtained using the smaller diameter indenter. The testing rate seems to be not relevant in the experimented range, suggesting that a fast procedure can be defined on purpose for on-line application.

scholarly journals Influence of Welding Temperature and Weathering on Inductive Welded Hybrid Joints Made of Steel and TP-FRPC

2019 ◽  
Vol 809 ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Stefan Weidmann ◽  
Peter Mitschang
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Material Combination ◽  
Welding Temperature ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites ◽  
Hybrid Joints ◽  
Metal Sheets

Aim of this study is to investigate the influence of welding temperature and weathering on bond strength of induction welded hybrid joints made of steel and thermoplastic fiber reinforced polymer composites (TP-FRPC). The used TP-FRPC are continuous glass fiber reinforced-polyamide 6 (PA6), -polypropylene (PP), -polycarbonate (PC) and-polyphenylenesulfide (PPS). The metal sheets are mild steel (1.0338 and 1.0330). The surface pretreatments of the metal sheets are either laser structuring in line pattern, perpendicular to the load direction, or two different types of functional coating adhesives (Köratac HL 400 and Köratac HL 403) currently used in coil-coating processes. First the process parameters were optimized for each material combination by investigating the bond strength at different welding temperatures. In a second step, for each material combination, specimens were welded using the determined welding temperatures with the highest bond strength in order to investigate the influence of weathering on hybrid joints. Therefore the cataplasma test (DIN EN 13523-27: 2009) as well as alternating climatic change (BMW PR 308.2) were used.

scholarly journals Uniaxial Tensile Behavior of Carbon Textile Reinforced Mortar

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fen Zhou ◽  
Huanhui Liu ◽  
Yunxing Du ◽  
Lingling Liu ◽  
Deju Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Textile Reinforced Mortar

This paper investigates the effects of the reinforcement ratio, volume fraction of steel fibers, and prestressing on the uniaxial tensile behavior of carbon textile reinforced mortar (CTRM) through uniaxial tensile tests. The results show that the tensile strength of CTRM specimens increases with the reinforcement ratio, however the textile–matrix bond strength becomes weaker and debonding can occur. Short steel fibers are able to improve the mechanical properties of the entire CTRM composite and provide additional “shear resistant ability” to enhance the textile– matrix bond strength, resulting in finer cracks with smaller spacing and width. Investigations into the fracture surfaces using an optical microscope clarify these inferences. Increases in first-crack stress and tensile strength are also observed in prestressed TRM specimens. In this study, the combination of 1% steel fibers and prestressing at 15% of the ultimate tensile strength of two-layer textiles is found to be the optimum configuration, producing the highest first-crack stress and tensile strength and the most reasonable multi-cracking pattern.

Classification of Glassy and Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries by the Bond-Strength-Coordination Number Fluctuation Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1075-1078
Author(s):  
Jean Léopold Ndeugueu ◽  
Masaru Aniya
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Coordination Number ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Ion Conductor ◽  
Fluctuation Model

This article deals with the classification of glassy and polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries into the so-called “strong/fragile” scale, by the means of the bond-strength-coordination number fluctuation model. We have evaluated the strength parameter, which plays a key role in the understanding of the relaxation phenomena, of each lithium-ion conductor under consideration. We have derived a relationship that not only describes accurately the experimental results, but also provides important details on the interrelation between the strength parameter, the bond strength of the structural unit, the binding energy, the coordination number and the glass transition temperature.

Methods for Determination of Rubber to Cord Bond Strength

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 898-906
Author(s):  
R. V. Uzina ◽  
L. S. Gromova ◽  
S. A. Vasil'eva
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Single Thread ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Cord Fabric ◽  
Fabric Structures

Abstract In selecting methods for determination of rubber to cord bond strength it is necessary to consider the factors which are subject to variation in the system— the type of cord, the composition of the vulcanized rubber, or the composition of the impregnant. The selection (composition) of the methods of assessment of bond strength was carried out in the present study while keeping the type of cord and the rubber compositions constant ; only the composition of the impregnant was varied. Up to the present there has been no single laboratory method for evaluating rubber to cord bond strength for the determination of the service quality of rubber-fabric structures. The bond strength in such a system is assessed in the majority of cases by the use of a series of methods. The existing methods may be systematized according to the nature of the deformation (static or dynamic), the nature of the specimen (with single thread of cord or with cord fabric) and so on. We adopted the following classification of methods: 1). Determination of bond strength of a single thread of cord with the rubber; 2). Determination of bond strength of rubber to fabric model specimens. Determination of bond strength of a single thread of cord with rubber is an exceptionally widely used type of testing in the rubber industry. It is based either on the principle of stripping of a single thread of cord from the rubber under pressure, or on the principle of pull-out of a thread of cord from a rubber specimen.

Influence of Environment Temperature on Strength of Quick-Setting Adhesives Based on Cyanoacrylates

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 272-275
Author(s):  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Petr Valášek
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Adhesive Bond ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Strength Change ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Adhesive Bond Strength

A primary aim of a manufacturing company is a simplicity and a speed of a production process. This assumption makes prospects in an area of sheet bonding by quik-setting adhesives (cyanoacrylates). Owing to temperature fluctuations in various climatic environments significant changes of the temperature occur. For successful application of particular products it is necessary to investigate a temperature dependence of already hardened adhesives. The paper deals with a research of the environment temperature influence on the strength change of the quick-setting adhesives. The experiment results confirmed a fundamental negative influence of the environment temperature on the strength of the adhesive bonds. A type of the failure area has not change owing to the environment temperature. The aim of the research is to set the influence of the environment temperature on the adhesive bond strength created with different cyanoacrylate adhesives.

scholarly journals Bond strength between stell-concrete and between concretes with different ages in structural rehabilitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-624
Author(s):  
M. R. DORIA ◽  
A. T. C SALES ◽  
N. F. de A. ANDRADE
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Bond Stress ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Indirect Tensile

ABSTRACTIn inspections of buildings, it is common to find structures that, well before reaching its useful life longer require repairs and reinforcements. This study examined the bond strength between concrete of different ages and between steel and concrete, focusing on the recovery of reinforced concrete structures. To analyze the bond between concrete of different ages, trials with specimens receiving three different types of treatments at the interface between the concrete were performed: brushing; brushing and mortar equal to concrete of substrate and brushing and epoxy layer. Indirect tensile tests and oblique and vertical shear tests at the interface were made . The bond stress between steel and concrete was evaluated by pull out test under the conditions of the bar inserted in the still fresh concrete and when inserted in the hardened concrete with epoxy. Results showed increased bond strength by indirect tensile stress of 15% and 37%; 4% and 12% for the adherence test by oblique shear, and 108% and 178%, for the testing of vertical shear, respectively, for the specimens whose interfaces have received, in addition to brushing, layer of mortar and epoxy bridge, compared to those who received only brushing. Insignificant loss (about 0.52%) of bond stress was noticed for pull out test of steel bar when compared with test results of the specimens that had steel bar inserted in the concrete in the hardened state with epoxy adhesion bridge, with those who had inserted steel bar in fresh concrete.

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