scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis Modulates the Gut Microbiome and Metabolism in a Murine Infection Model

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Avinash V. Karpe ◽  
Melanie L. Hutton ◽  
Steven J. Mileto ◽  
Meagan L. James ◽  
Chris Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Energy Pathways

Cryptosporidiosis is a major human health concern globally. Despite well-established methods, misdiagnosis remains common. Our understanding of the cryptosporidiosis biochemical mechanism remains limited, compounding the difficulty of clinical diagnosis. Here, we used a systems biology approach to investigate the underlying biochemical interactions in C57BL/6J mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Faecal samples were collected daily following infection. Blood, liver tissues and luminal contents were collected 10 days post infection. High-resolution liquid chromatography and low-resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were used to analyse the proteomes and metabolomes of these samples. Faeces and luminal contents were additionally subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of the acquired data illustrated altered host and microbial energy pathways during infection. Glycolysis/citrate cycle metabolites were depleted, while short-chain fatty acids and D-amino acids accumulated. An increased abundance of bacteria associated with a stressed gut environment was seen. Host proteins involved in energy pathways and Lactobacillus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were upregulated during cryptosporidiosis. Liver oxalate also increased during infection. Microbiome–parasite relationships were observed to be more influential than the host–parasite association in mediating major biochemical changes in the mouse gut during cryptosporidiosis. Defining this parasite–microbiome interaction is the first step towards building a comprehensive cryptosporidiosis model towards biomarker discovery, and rapid and accurate diagnostics.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis Modulates the Gut Microbiome Metabolism and Immune Response in an Infected Host

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash V. Karpe ◽  
Melanie L. Hutton ◽  
Steven J. Mileto ◽  
Meagan L. James ◽  
Chris Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Energy Pathways

Cryptosporidiosis is a major human health concern globally. Despite well-established methods, misdiagnosis remains common. Our understanding of the cryptosporidiosis biochemical mechanism remains limited, compounding the difficulty of clinical diagnosis. Here, we used a systems biology approach to investigate the underlying biochemical interactions in C57BL/6J mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Faecal samples were collected daily following infection. Blood, liver tissues and luminal contents were collected 10 days post infection (dpi). High-resolution liquid chromatography and low-resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were used to analyse the proteomes and metabolomes of these samples. Faeces and luminal contents were additionally subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of the acquired data illustrated altered host and microbial energy pathways during infection. Glycolysis/citrate cycle metabolites were depleted, while short-chain fatty acids and D-amino acids accumulated. An increased abundance of bacteria associated with a stressed gut environment was seen. Host proteins involved in energy pathways and Lactobacillus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were upregulated during cryptosporidiosis. Liver oxalate also increased during infection. Microbiome-parasite relationships were observed to be more influential than the host-parasite association in mediating major biochemical changes in the mouse gut during cryptosporidiosis. Defining this parasite-microbiome interaction is the first step towards building a comprehensive cryptosporidiosis model towards biomarker discovery, and rapid and accurate diagnostics.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis modulates gut microbiome metabolism and the immune response in an infected host

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash V Karpe ◽  
Melanie L Hutton ◽  
Steven J Mileto ◽  
Meagan L James ◽  
Chris Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Parasite Relationship

Abstract Background Cryptosporidiosis is a major global human health concern. Despite well-established methods, misdiagnosis remain common. Resulting incorrect clinical prescription often causes anti-microbial resistance development in the patients. Our understanding of the Cryptosporidium infection mechanism remains limited, compounding the difficulty of clinical diagnosis. Multi-omics approach has shown significant potential for addressing this limitation and, biomarker discovery towards rapid and accurate diagnostics. This study investigated the underlying biochemistry of host-microbiome-parasite relationships during infection. Methods C57BL/6J mice were infected with 1 × 105 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts via oral gavage. Faecal samples were collected daily, while blood, liver tissues and luminal contents of the small and large intestines were collected 10 days post infection. High-resolution liquid chromatography and low-resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were used to analyse the proteomes and metabolomes of faeces, serum, liver, and luminal contents. Faecal samples were additionally subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were applied to all datasets. Results Host and microbial energy pathways altered during infection. Glycolysis/citrate cycle metabolites, such as malate and lactate, were elevated in the large intestine. Short-chain fatty acids, formate and acetate, increased in the small intestine, while butanoate increased in the caecum-colon. This correlated with an increased abundance of bacteria associated with a stressed host environment, including Lactobacillus (small intestine) and Coriobacteriaceae (throughout the intestine, but more prominently in colon). The expression of host electron transfer flavoprotein, phosphoglycerate kinase and acetyl CoA binding proteins, yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and Lactobacillus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase significantly increased in the infected gut. Liver oxalate increase was also seen during infection. Conclusions The microbiome-parasite relationship is more influential than the previously thought host-parasite relationship, in mediating major biochemical changes in the mouse gut during cryptosporidiosis. Defining this parasite-microbiome interaction is the first step towards building a comprehensive cryptosporidiosis model.

scholarly journals Starch-Rich Diet Induced Rumen Acidosis and Hindgut Dysbiosis in Dairy Cows of Different Lactations

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Viktoria Neubauer ◽  
Renee M. Petri ◽  
Elke Humer ◽  
Iris Kröger ◽  
Nicole Reisinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Ph

Starch-rich diets can cause subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows with potentially different susceptibility according to lactation number. We wanted to evaluate the bacterial community and the fermentation end products in feces to study susceptibility to hindgut acidosis and dysbiosis. Sixteen dairy cows received a medium-concentrate diet (MC, 40% concentrate, 18.8% starch) for one week and a high-concentrate diet (HC, 60% concentrate, 27.7% starch, DM) for four weeks. Milk yield, dry-matter intake, chewing activity, ruminal pH, milk constituents, and fecal samples for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, and 16S rRNA-gene sequencing were investigated. The HC feeding caused a reduction in fecal pH, bacterial diversity and richness, an increase in total SCFA, and a separate phylogenetic clustering of MC and HC samples. Ruminal and fecal pH had fair correlation (r = 0.5). Cows in the second lactation (2ndL) had lower dry matter intake (DMI) than cows of third or fourth or more lactations (3rdL; ≥4 L), whereas DMI/kg body weight was lower for ≥4 L than for 2ndL and 3rdL cows. The mean ruminal pH was highest in ≥4 L, whereas the time spent below the SARA threshold was highest for 3rdL cows. The latter also had higher total SCFA in the feces. Our results suggest that hindgut dysbiosis is caused by increased substrate flow to the hindgut, but further investigations are needed to define hindgut acidosis. The 3rdL cows were most susceptible to rumen acidosis and hindgut dysbiosis due to high DMI level, but missing counter regulations, as suggested happening in 2ndL and ≥4 L cows.

scholarly journals The Nutritional Supplement L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine Promotes Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13477
Author(s):  
Zeneng Wang ◽  
Jennie Hazen ◽  
Xun Jia ◽  
Elin Org ◽  
Yongzhong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Coronary Artery ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathways

L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), a nutritional supplement, has been demonstrated to improve neurological function. However, a new study suggests that GPC supplementation increases incident stroke risk thus its potential adverse effects warrant further investigation. Here we show that GPC promotes atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice. GPC can be metabolized to trimethylamine N-oxide, a pro-atherogenic agent, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism underlying the observed atherosclerosis progression. GPC supplementation shifted the gut microbial community structure, characterized by increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides and decreased abundance of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These data are consistent with a reduction in fecal and cecal short chain fatty acids in GPC-fed mice. Additionally, we found that GPC supplementation led to an increased relative abundance of choline trimethylamine lyase (cutC)-encoding bacteria via qPCR. Interrogation of host inflammatory signaling showed that GPC supplementation increased expression of the proinflammatory effectors CXCL13 and TIMP-1 and activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Finally, targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis of murine plasma revealed additional metabolites associated with GPC supplementation and atherosclerosis. In summary, our results show GPC promotes atherosclerosis through multiple mechanisms and that caution should be applied when using GPC as a nutritional supplement.

scholarly journals Microbial Community and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Mapping in the Intestinal Tract of Quail

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xizhong Du ◽  
Yun Xiang ◽  
Fangfang Lou ◽  
Pingguang Tu ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Almost All

Quail is raised throughout China for egg and meat production. To deeply understand the gastrointestinal microbial composition and metabolites of quail, the present study characterized the microbiota inhabiting five intestinal locations of eight-week-old quail using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR, and evaluated the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in each individual location using gas chromatography. The results showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Deferribacteres were the five most abundant phyla in the intestinal tract of quail. Firmicutes was largely dominant (>95%) in the small intestine, whereas Bacteroidetes increased significantly in the cecum (19.19%) and colorectum (8.09%). At the genus level, Lactobacillus was predominant in almost all sections (>50%) except in the cecum (7.26%), where Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides were dominant. qPCR data indicated that the population sizes of both the total bacteria and proportions of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Bacteroides group increased going from the proximal toward the distal end of the intestine in quail. The SCFA-producing bacterial genera Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Blautia, Parabacteroides, and Clostridium were of higher richness in the cecum and colorectum, where, accordingly, more SCFAs were produced. These findings will be helpful for the future study of quail microbiology, as well as its relationship with productive performance and health.

scholarly journals Bacillus asahii sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil with the ability to deodorize the bad smell generated from short-chain fatty acids

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1997-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Yumoto ◽  
Kikue Hirota ◽  
Shingo Yamaga ◽  
Yoshinobu Nodasaka ◽  
Tsuneshirou Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

In a screening campaign to isolate strains with the ability to remove the bad smell associated with animal faeces, strain MA001T was isolated from a soil sample obtained from Shizuoka prefecture, Japan. The isolate grew at pH 6–9 but not at pH 10. Cells were Gram-positive, straight rods with peritrichous flagella and produced ellipsoidal spores. The isolate was positive for catalase and oxidase tests but negative for indole production, deamination of phenylalanine and H2S production. The isolate did not produce acid from any carbohydrates tested and could not grow in more than 2 % NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 39·4 mol%. The cellular fatty acids profile consisted of significant amount of C15 branched-chain fatty acids, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that strain MA001T was closely related to Bacillus simplex and Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus. DNA–DNA hybridization revealed a low relatedness of the isolate to several phylogenetically close neighbours (less than 9 %). On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics observed, phylogenetic data based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA–DNA relatedness data, it is concluded that the isolate should be classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Bacillus asahii is proposed. The type strain is MA001T (=JCM 12112T=NCIMB 13969T).

scholarly journals Occurrence of Proteus mirabilis associated with two species of venezuelan oysters

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagro Fernández-Delgado ◽  
Monica Contreras ◽  
María Alexandra García-Amado ◽  
Pulchérie Gueneau ◽  
Paula Suárez
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The fecal contamination of raw seafood by indicators and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms represents a public health concern. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of enteric bacteria colonizing oysters collected from a Venezuelan touristic area. Oyster samples were collected at the northwestern coast of Venezuela and local salinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen of seawater were recorded. Total and fecal coliforms were measured for the assessment of the microbiological quality of water and oysters, using the Multiple Tube Fermentation technique. Analyses were made using cultures and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Diverse enrichment and selective culture methods were used to isolate enteric bacteria. We obtained pure cultures of Gram-negative straight rods with fimbriae from Isognomon alatus and Crassostrea rhizophorae. Our results show that P. mirabilis was predominant under our culture conditions. We confirmed the identity of the cultures by biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and data analysis. Other enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also isolated from seawater and oysters. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in oysters could have serious epidemiological implications and a potential human health risk associated with consumption of raw seafood.

scholarly journals Identification of a Candidate Starch Utilizing Strain of Prevotella albensis from Bovine Rumen

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Venkata Vinay Kumar Bandarupalli ◽  
Benoit St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The inclusion of starch-rich feedstuffs, a common practice in intensive ruminant livestock production systems, can result in ruminal acidosis, a condition that can severely impact animal performance and health. One of the main causes of acidosis is the rapid accumulation of ruminal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) resulting from the microbial digestion of starch. A greater understanding of ruminal bacterial amylolytic activities is therefore critical to improving mitigation of acidosis. To this end, our manuscript reports the identification of a candidate starch utilizer (OTU SD_Bt-00010) using batch culturing of bovine rumen fluid supplemented with starch. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics analysis, SD_Bt-00010 is predicted to be a currently uncharacterized strain of Prevotella albensis. Annotation of de novo assembled contigs from metagenomic data not only identified sequences encoding for α-amylase enzymes, but also revealed the potential to metabolize xylan as an alternative substrate. Metagenomics also predicted that SCFA end products for SD_Bt-00010 would be acetate and formate, and further suggested that this candidate strain may be a lactate utilizer. Together, these results indicate that SD_Bt-00010 is an amylolytic symbiont with beneficial attributes for its ruminant host.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Probiotics in Ameliorating Psoriasis by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2010
Author(s):  
Wenwei Lu ◽  
Yadan Deng ◽  
Zhifeng Fang ◽  
Qixiao Zhai ◽  
Shumao Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated systemic disease that may be treated with probiotics. In this study, probiotic strains that could or could not decrease interleukin (IL)-17 levels were applied to imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice via oral administration. Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCFM667, B. breve CCFM1078, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CCFM1074, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri CCFM1132 ameliorated psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and suppressed the release of IL-23/T helper cell 17 (Th17) axis-related inflammatory cytokines, whereas B. animalis CCFM1148, L. paracasei CCFM1147, and L. reuteri CCFM1040 neither alleviated the pathological characteristics nor reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines. All effective strains increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids, which were negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines. By performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the diversity of gut microbiota in psoriasis-like mice was found to decrease, but all effective strains made some specific changes to the composition of gut microbiota compared to the ineffective strains. Furthermore, except for B. breve CCFM1078, all other effective strains decreased the abundance of the family Rikenellaceae, which was positively correlated with psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and was negatively correlated with propionate levels. These findings demonstrated effects of strain-specificity, and how probiotics ameliorated psoriasis and provide new possibilities for the treatment of psoriasis.

scholarly journals SCFA producing bacteria shape the subtype of ADHD in children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaonan Fan ◽  
Shijie Li ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Xiuqin Fan ◽  
Aiming Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Adhd Subtypes ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract There is little data on population-based identification of the gut microbiota with ADHD subtypes in children, yet whether the degree ADHD is characterized by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) remains unclear. We enrolled 59 ADHD children including 21 inattentive subtypes (ADHD-I), 20 combined subtypes (ADHD-C), 18 hyperactive-Impulsive subtypes (ADHD-H) and 23 healthy controls. The microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and SCFA concentrations were determined by gas chromatographic analysis. Compared to the controls, we observed a decrease of 14 genera belonging to Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae and Rikenellaceae family in ADHD-I, while Megamonas, Coprococcus_2 and Paraprevotella were significantly increased in ADHD-C. In addition, a lower abundance of Faecalibacterium, and a higher proportion of Marvinbryantia, Intestinimonas, Prevotella_9 and Eggerthella were detected in the ADHD-H. Analysis of fecal SCFAs showed that elevated levels of acetate and propionate were in ADHD subtypes. Furthermore, most of the bacterium associated with SCFAs overlapped with the differential bacterium in ADHD subtypes. Conclusion: Our data support the clinical distinction among different ADHD subtypes in children may also be reflected in alterations of specific gut microbiota, most of which are SCFA producing bacteria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document