scholarly journals Metabolomics Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Exhaled Breath Condensate

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Elettra Barberis ◽  
Elia Amede ◽  
Shahzaib Khoso ◽  
Luigi Castello ◽  
Pier Paolo Sainaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnosis ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Tract Damage ◽  
Breath Condensate ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to severe respiratory tract damage and acute lung injury. Therefore, it is crucial to study breath-associated biofluids not only to investigate the breath’s biochemical changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also to discover potential biomarkers for the development of new diagnostic tools. In the present study, we performed an untargeted metabolomics approach using a bidimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCxGC-TOFMS) on exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from COVID-19 patients and negative healthy subjects to identify new potential biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of the COVID-19 disease. The EBC analysis was further performed in patients with acute or acute-on-chronic cardiopulmonary edema (CPE) to assess the reliability of the identified biomarkers. Our findings demonstrated that an abundance of EBC fatty acids can be used to discriminate COVID-19 patients and that they may have a protective effect, thus suggesting their potential use as a preventive strategy against the infection.

scholarly journals Exhaled Breath Condensate: Pilot Study of the Method and Initial Experience in Healthy Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Eva Peterová ◽  
Jaroslav Chládek ◽  
Darina Kohoutová ◽  
Veronika Knoblochová ◽  
Paula Morávková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Initial Experience ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Breath Condensate

Analysis of Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a re-discovered approach to monitoring the course of the disease and reduce invasive methods of patient investigation. However, the major disadvantage and shortcoming of the EBC is lack of reliable and reproducible standardization of the method. Despite many articles published on EBC, until now there is no clear consensus on whether the analysis of EBC can provide a clue to diagnosis of the diseases. The purpose of this paper is to investigate our own method, to search for possible standardization and to obtain our own initial experience. Thirty healthy volunteers provided the EBC, in which we monitored the density, pH, protein, chloride and urea concentration. Our results show that EBC pH is influenced by smoking, and urea concentrations are affected by the gender of subjects. Age of subjects does not play a role. The smallest coefficient of variation between individual volunteers is for density determination. Current limitations of EBC measurements are the low concentration of many biomarkers. Standardization needs to be specific for each individual biomarker, with focusing on optimal condensate collection. EBC analysis has a potential become diagnostic test, not only for lung diseases.

Exhaled Inflammatory Markers in Aspirin-Induced Asthma Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna E. Carpagnano ◽  
Onofrio Resta ◽  
Matteo Gelardi ◽  
Antonio Spanevello ◽  
Giuseppe Di Gioia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Mild Asthma ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Eosinophilic Inflammation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
Breath Condensate

Background Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6, respectively, markers of neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation, were analyzed in nasal and oral exhaled breath condensate to understand the inflammation of upper and lower airways in subjects with aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) syndrome, evaluating possible differences between AIA and the single pathological conditions included in AIA syndrome. Methods Twelve patients with AIA, 17 patients with mild asthma (MA), 12 patients with nasal polyposis (NP), 11 patients with mild asthma + nasal polyposis (MA + NP), and 10 healthy subjects (HSs) were enrolled. Nasal and oral exhaled IL-4 and IL-6 were measured by enzyme immunoassay kit. Results Higher levels of nasal and oral exhaled IL-4 and IL-6 were observed in AIA compared with MA, NP, MA + NP, and HSs. Moreover, a positive correlation was identified between nasal exhaled IL-4 and IL-6 and, respectively, the number of neutrophils and eosinophils and in nasal scraping. Conclusion The concentration of eosinophilic and neutrophilic markers in upper and lower airways of subjects with AIA syndrome is higher compared with HS and subjects with MA, NP, and MA + NP.

scholarly journals Exploring Airway Diseases by NMR-Based Metabonomics: A Review of Application to Exhaled Breath Condensate

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Sofia ◽  
Mauro Maniscalco ◽  
Guglielmo de Laurentiis ◽  
Debora Paris ◽  
Dominique Melck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Breath Condensate ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Airways Inflammation

There is increasing evidence that biomarkers of exhaled gases or exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may help in detecting abnormalities in respiratory diseases mirroring increased, oxidative stress, airways inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Beside the traditional techniques to investigate biomarker profiles, “omics” sciences have raised interest in the clinical field as potentially improving disease phenotyping. In particular, metabonomics appears to be an important tool to gain qualitative and quantitative information on low-molecular weight metabolites present in cells, tissues, and fluids. Here, we review the potential use of EBC as a suitable matrix for metabonomic studies using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. By using this approach in airway diseases, it is now possible to separate specific EBC profiles, with implication in disease phenotyping and personalized therapy.

scholarly journals Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Systemic Effects in Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Foschino Barbaro ◽  
G.E. Carpagnano ◽  
A. Spanevello ◽  
M.G. Cagnazzo ◽  
P.J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Breath Condensate

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) is a pulmonary disease characterized by systemic abnormalities. The aim of this study is to investigate inflammation and systemic effects in mild COPD. Twenty-seven mild stable smoking related COPD patients and 15 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. IL-6, TNF-α and IL-4 in plasma, sputum and exhaled breath condensate were measured. We also measured exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and pH in sputum and in breath condensate. Moreover, fat-free mass, body mass index (BMI), respiratory muscle strength, plasma oxidative stress and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Higher concentrations were found of CRP, of diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (DROMs) and of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-4 either in plasma or in supernatant of induced sputum or in exhaled breath condensate of COPD subjects compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, higher concentrations were observed of exhaled NO and lower exhaled pH in breath condensate of COPD when compared with healthy subjects. In the group of COPD patients, the subjects with airway reversibility showed an increase of sputum eosinophils and exhaled NO, whereas the subjects without airway obstruction reversibility showed an increase in sputum neutrophils, TNF-α and IL-6. We also found a trend towards a decrease in fat-free mass and respiratory muscle strength in COPD compared to healthy subjects and a negative correlation between these systemic indices (fat-free mass, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure) and TNF-α concentrations in the blood, sputum and breath condensate. We conclude that mild COPD subjects present an increase in inflammatory markers in blood and in airways of similar pattern and furthermore, the neutrophilic pattern of airway inflammation observed in the group of COPD subjects without an airway obstruction reversibility makes it more likely that systemic features are present.

scholarly journals A metabolite of prostaglandin D2, 11β-prostaglandin F2α (11β-PGF2α), in exhaled breath condensate and serum of asthmatics with airway hyperresponsiveness to distilled water

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Eduard V. Nekrasov ◽  
Juliy M. Perelman ◽  
Denis E. Naumov ◽  
Anna G. Prikhodko ◽  
Elena V. Ushakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Prostaglandin D2 ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Airway Response ◽  
Plasma Metabolite ◽  
Breath Condensate

This study aims at identifying prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) involvement in osmotic airway hyperresponsiveness of asthmatics. PGD2 primary plasma metabolite, 11β-PGF2α, was analyzed in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in response to ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) and in serum in asthmatics with different airway response to the hypoosmotic stimulus. The total group of asthmatics (n=27) had a lower basal level of 11β-PGF2α (0.38±0.13 pg/ml, mean±SEM) in EBC compared to a group of healthy subjects (0.86±0.31 pg/ml, n=5), which decreased following the UNDW challenge to 0.30±0.09 and 0.53±0.12, respectively. The group of asthmatics with airway hyperresponsiveness to UNDW (≥10% FEV1 drop from baseline, n=14) had a lower concentration of the metabolite (0.28±0.14 pg/ml) as compared to the group without hyperresponsiveness (0.49±0.31 pg/ml, n=10). The 11β-PGF2α concentration decreased in the both groups after the challenge: 0.20±0.04 and 0.23±0.07 pg/ml in the groups with and without hyperresponsiveness to UNDW, respectively . Serum content of 11β-PGF2α was ranging from 0 to 61 pg/ml in asthmatics (n=17) and from 7.3 to 85.4 pg/ml in healthy subjects (n=8). It was lower in the group with airway hyperresponsiveness to UNDW (8.4±1.7 pg/ml, n=9) than in the group without the hyperresponsiveness (21.0±8.8 pg/ml, n=8). The obtained results do not support the involvement of PGD2 in the pathophysiology of asthma with airway hyperresponsiveness to a hypoosmotic stimulus unless other conversions of the prostaglandin occur in the airway under these conditions with formation of metabolites different from 11β-PGF2α.

Measurements of lactate in exhaled breath condensate at rest and after maximal exercise in young and healthy subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 017105 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Marek ◽  
J Volke ◽  
I Hawener ◽  
P Platen ◽  
K Mückenhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Breath Condensate

Analysis By SELDI-TOF Of Exhaled Breath Condensate May Discriminate COPD From Healthy Subjects

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Fumagalli ◽  
Daniela Capuano ◽  
Jan Stolk ◽  
Pieter S. Hiemstra ◽  
Fabio Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Breath Condensate
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