scholarly journals A Multi-Mode Broadband Vibration Energy Harvester Composed of Symmetrically Distributed U-Shaped Cantilever Beams

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Huang ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Keren Dai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Straight Beam ◽  
Resonance Frequencies

Using the piezoelectric effect to harvest energy from surrounding vibrations is a promising alternative solution for powering small electronic devices such as wireless sensors and portable devices. A conventional piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) can only efficiently collect energy within a small range around the resonance frequency. To realize broadband vibration energy harvesting, the idea of multiple-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) PEH to realize multiple resonant frequencies within a certain range has been recently proposed and some preliminary research has validated its feasibility. Therefore, this paper proposed a multi-DOF wideband PEH based on the frequency interval shortening mechanism to realize five resonance frequencies close enough to each other. The PEH consists of five tip masses, two U-shaped cantilever beams and a straight beam, and tuning of the resonance frequencies is realized by specific parameter design. The electrical characteristics of the PEH are analyzed by simulation and experiment, validating that the PEH can effectively expand the operating bandwidth and collect vibration energy in the low frequency. Experimental results show that the PEH has five low-frequency resonant frequencies, which are 13, 15, 18, 21 and 24 Hz; under the action of 0.5 g acceleration, the maximum output power is 52.2, 49.4, 61.3, 39.2 and 32.1 μW, respectively. In view of the difference between the simulation and the experimental results, this paper conducted an error analysis and revealed that the material parameters and parasitic capacitance are important factors that affect the simulation results. Based on the analysis, the simulation is improved for better agreement with experiments.

Development of a tunable low-frequency vibration energy harvester and its application to a self-contained wireless fatigue crack detection sensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyoung Yang ◽  
Sung-Youb Jung ◽  
Kiyoung Kim ◽  
Peipei Liu ◽  
Sangmin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Fatigue Crack Detection

In this study, a tunable electromagnetic energy harvesting system, consisting of an energy harvester and energy harvesting circuits, is developed for harnessing energy from low-frequency vibration (below 10 Hz) of a bridge, and the harvesting system is integrated with a wireless fatigue crack detection sensor. The uniqueness of the proposed energy harvesting system includes that (1) the resonance frequencies of the proposed energy harvester can be readily tuned to the resonance frequencies of a host structure, (2) an improved energy harvesting efficiency compared to other electromagnetic energy harvesters is achieved in low-frequency and vibration, and (3) high-efficiency energy harvesting circuits for rectification are developed. Furthermore, the developed energy harvesting system is integrated with an on-site wireless sensor deployed on Yeongjong Grand Bridge in South Korea for online fatigue crack detection. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the very first study where a series of low-frequency vibration energy harvesting, rectification, and battery charging processes are demonstrated under a real field condition. The field test conducted on Yeongjong Grand Bridge, where fatigue cracks have become of a great concern, shows that the proposed energy harvester can generate a peak voltage of 2.27 V and a root mean square voltage of 0.21 V from 0.18-m/s2 root mean square acceleration at 3.05 Hz. It is estimated the proposed energy harvesting system can harness around 67.90 J for 3 weeks and an average power of 37.42 µW. The battery life of the wireless sensor is expected to extend from 1.5 to 2.2 years. The proposed energy harvesting circuits, composed of the AC–DC and boost-up converters, exhibit up to 50% battery charging efficiency when the voltage generated by the proposed energy harvester is 200 mV or higher. The proposed boost-up converter has a 100 times wider input power range than a conventional boost-up converter with a similar efficiency.

Heartbeat Energy Harvesting Using the Fan-Folded Piezoelectric Beam Geometry

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Ansari ◽  
M. Amin Karami
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam

A three dimensional piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is designed to generate electricity from heartbeat vibrations. The device consists of several bimorph piezoelectric beams stacked on top of each other. These horizontal bimorph beams are connected to each other by rigid vertical beams making a fan-folded geometry. One end of the design is clamped and the other end is free. One major problem in micro-scale piezoelectric energy harvesters is their high natural frequency. The same challenge is faced in development of a compact vibration energy harvester for the low frequency heartbeat vibrations. One way to decrease the natural frequency is to increase the length of the bimorph beam. This approach is not usually practical due to size limitations. By utilizing the fan-folded geometry, the natural frequency is decreased while the size constraints are observed. The required size limit of the energy harvester is 1 cm by 1 cm by 1 cm. In this paper, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of fan-folded energy harvesters are analytically derived. The electro-mechanical coupling has been included in the model for the piezoelectric beam. The design criteria for the device are discussed.

A Patternless Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Ultra Low Frequency Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Awal ◽  
◽  
M. Jusoh ◽  
T. Sabapathy ◽  
R. B. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Induced Voltage ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Deposition Thickness ◽  
Piezoelectric Harvester

This paper presents a pattern less piezoelectric harvester for ultra low power energy applications. Usually patterned cantilevers are used as vibration energy harvester which results additional fabrication process. Hence, to reduce the process, a four layer cantilever configuration is used to design the harvester with Aluminum, Silicon and Zinc Oxide. The device dimension is settled to 12×10×≈0.5009 mm3 with ≈300 nm deposition thickness for each layer. The modeling and fabrication processes are demonstrated in detail. The induced voltage by the cantilever is obtained through the analytical and practical measurements. From the measurements, it is found that, the maximum induced voltage is 91.2 mV from practical measurement with voltage density of 1.517 mV/mm3. It is evident from the results that, this pattern less model can be useful for next generation vibration energy harvester with simpler technology.

A novel low-frequency broadband piezoelectric energy harvester combined with a negative stiffness vibration isolator

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxing Cao ◽  
Xiangying Guo ◽  
Wenhua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Negative Stiffness ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

The transformation of waste vibration energy into low-power electricity has been intensely researched over the last decade to enable self-sustained wireless electronic components. Many kinds of nonlinear oscillators have been explored by several research groups in an effort to enhance the frequency bandwidth of operation. The negative stiffness vibration isolator, as a kind of passive vibration isolator, has undergone extensive investigation because of its low-frequency isolator characteristics. In this article, a novel broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, which can be used for low-frequency ambient mechanical energy harvesting, is designed, and its dynamic responses are analyzed based on the advantage of the negative stiffness vibration isolator. The multi-scale perturbation method is applied to solve the electromechanical equations of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester and obtain approximate analytical solutions. Solutions based on the analytical method and numerical simulations reveal the characteristics of significant broadband performance. The effects of the various system parameters on the frequency responses and output voltage of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester system are investigated in detail, and the vibration isolation ability is verified by experimental measurements. It was concluded that the proposed piezoelectric vibration energy harvester achieved broadband vibration energy harvesting in the low-frequency vibration range.

scholarly journals A novel two-degrees-of-freedom piezoelectric energy harvester

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Lihua Tang ◽  
Yaowen Yang ◽  
Chee Kiong Soh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Compact Design

Energy harvesting from ambient vibrations using piezoelectric effect is a promising alternative solution for powering small electronics such as wireless sensors. A conventional piezoelectric energy harvester usually consists of a cantilevered beam with a proof mass at its free end. For such a device, the second resonance of the piezoelectric energy harvester is usually ignored because of its high frequency as well as low response level compared to the first resonance. Hence, only the first mode has been frequently exploited for energy harvesting in the reported literature. In this article, a novel compact piezoelectric energy harvester using two vibration modes has been developed. The harvester comprises one main cantilever beam and an inner secondary cantilever beam, each of which is bonded with piezoelectric transducers. By varying the proof masses, the first two resonant frequencies of the harvester can be tuned close enough to achieve useful wide bandwidth. Meanwhile, this compact design efficiently utilizes the cantilever beam by generating significant power output from both the main and secondary beams. An experiment and simulation were carried out to validate the design concept. The results show that the proposed novel piezoelectric energy harvester is more adaptive and functional in practical vibrational circumstances.

Multi-Mode Vibration Energy Harvester and Tuned Mass Damper Using Double-Beam Structure

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlu Zhou ◽  
Gopinath Reddy Penamalli ◽  
Lei Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Tuned Mass Damper ◽  
Primary Beam ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
Tip Mass ◽  
Multi Mode

A novel piezoelectric energy harvester with multi-mode dynamic magnifier is proposed and investigated in this paper, which is capable of significantly increasing the bandwidth and the energy harvested from the ambient vibration. The design comprises of an multi-mode intermediate beam with a tip mass, called “dynamic magnifier”, and an “energy harvesting beam with a tip mass. The piezoelectric film is adhered to the harvesting beam to harvest the vibration energy. By properly designing the parameters, such as the length, width and thickness of the two beams and the weight of the two tip masses, we can virtually magnify the motion in all the resonance frequencies of the energy harvesting beam, in a similar way as designing a new beam-type tuned mass damper (TMD) to damp the resonance frequencies of all the modes of the primary beam. Theoretical analysis, finite element simulation, and the experiment study are carried out. The results show that voltage produced by the harvesting beam is amplified for efficient energy harvesting over a broader frequency range, while the peaks of the first three modes of the primary beam can be effectively mitigated simultaneously. The experiment demonstrates 25.5 times more energy harvesting capacity than the conventional cantilever type harvester in broadband frequency 3–300Hz, and over 1000 times more energy close to the first three resonances of harvesting beam.

scholarly journals Low-frequency and broadband vibration energy harvester driven by mechanical impact based on layer-separated piezoelectric beam

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1777-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxing Cao ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Wenhua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Theoretical Principle ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Wide Bandwidth ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Impact

AbstractVibration energy harvesting is to transform the ambient mechanical energy to electricity. How to reduce the resonance frequency and improve the conversion efficiency is very important. In this paper, a layer-separated piezoelectric cantilever beam is proposed for the vibration energy harvester (VEH) for low-frequency and wide-bandwidth operation, which can transform the mechanical impact energy to electric energy. First, the electromechanical coupling equation is obtained by the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Based on the average method, the approximate analytical solution is derived and the voltage response is obtained. Furthermore, the physical prototype is fabricated, and the vibration experiment is conducted to validate the theoretical principle. The experimental results show that the maximum power of 0.445 □W of the layer-separated VEH is about 3.11 times higher than that of the non-impact harvester when the excitation acceleration is 0.2 g. The operating frequency bandwidth can be widened by increasing the stiffness of the fundamental layer and decreasing the gap distance of the system. But the increasing of operating frequency bandwidth comes at the cost of reducing peak voltage. The theoretical simulation and the experimental results demonstrate good agreement which indicates that the proposed impact-driving VEH device has advantages for low-frequency and wide-bandwidth. The high performance provides great prospect to scavenge the vibration energy in environment.

scholarly journals A Piezo-Electromagnetic Coupling Multi-Directional Vibration Energy Harvester Based on Frequency Up-Conversion Technique

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Shi ◽  
Junfu Chen ◽  
Yansheng Peng ◽  
Mang Shi ◽  
Huakang Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electromagnetic Coupling ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester

Harvesting vibration energy to power wearable devices has become a hot research topic, while the output power and conversion efficiency of a vibration energy harvester with a single electromechanical conversion mechanism is low and the working frequency band and load range are narrow. In this paper, a new structure of piezoelectric electromagnetic coupling up-conversion multi-directional vibration energy harvester is proposed. Four piezoelectric electromagnetic coupling cantilever beams are installed on the axis of the base along the circumferential direction. Piezoelectric plates are set on the surface of each cantilever beam to harvest energy. The permanent magnet on the beam is placed on the free end of the cantilever beam as a mass block. Four coils for collecting energy are arranged on the base under the permanent magnets on the cantilever beams. A bearing is installed on the central shaft of the base and a rotating mass block is arranged on the outer ring of the bearing. Four permanent magnets are arranged on the rotating mass block and their positions correspond to the permanent magnets on the cantilever beams. The piezoelectric cantilever is induced to vibrate at its natural frequency by the interaction between the magnet on cantilever and the magnets on the rotating mass block. It can collect the nonlinear impact vibration energy of low-frequency motion to meet the energy harvesting of human motion.

Linear and Non Linear Energy Harvesting From Bridge Vibrations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Orfei ◽  
Helios Vocca ◽  
Luca Gammaitoni
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Bridge Vibrations

In this paper we analyze the performances of three different energy harvester configurations aimed at transforming vibration energy from a vehicle transited bridge. First of all we sampled the vibrations of a highway bridge in three different positions: at the entrance, in the middle and at the exit. Then, from the sampled time series, we reproduced the vibrations in the lab and tested the different harvesting configurations: low frequency linear piezoelectric energy harvester; high frequency linear piezoelectric energy harvester; non-linear bi-stable broadband piezoelectric energy harvester. The results are presented in terms of the RMS power converted. All the harvesters were built with the same piezoelectric material: composition and size were always the same.

Design and Modeling of a Bi-Directional U-Shaped Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jiun Su
Keyword(s):  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Piezoelectric Layers ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam

In this paper, we proposed a Bi-directional U-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester that is capable of scavenging vibration energy in two orthogonal directions. The U-shaped harvester is a three-segment beam with piezoelectric layers attached. The harvester is designed to work in its first three resonant frequencies. A theoretical model of the harvester is derived based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The model is capable of simulating the electromechanical coupling system and obtaining the frequency responses under excitations of two orthogonal directions. The resonant frequencies of the harvester can be tuned by simply altering the length-to-width ratio of the beam structure. It is shown in the simulation that the U-shaped design can effectively harvest vibration energy in two directions of excitations.

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