SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the original SARS-CoV. It is thought to have animal based origin from Bats(Betacoronavirus) in subgenus (Sarbecoronavirus) together with two bat-derived strains The virus is mainly spread between people during physical contact, often through small droplets produced during coughing, sneezing, even talking to patient or infected people. It is primarily spread during close contact and via small droplets produced when infected people cough, sneeze or talk with close contact being within 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in–9 ft 10 in). Those infected with the virus may be asymptomatic (Appearance of No symptoms) or develop flu-like symptom which include fever, cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. The exposure time to initial symptom is day five (5 days). Majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to viral pneumonia and multiple organ failure. Two medicinal plants may be used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the two medicinal plants are Aframomum melegueta and Spondis mombin (Linn). Both contains arrays of natural product that may be used for drug formulation to combat SARS-CoV-2, Aframomum melegueta medicinal plant belong to the family Zingiberaceae which can be used to detoxify liver and bronchitis during lungs infection. Aframomum melegueta contains 6-Gingerol, 8-Gingerol, Methyl-6-Gingerol, 6-Shogaol, 6-Rac-6-Dihydro paradol,6-Gingeredione, 2-(5 butylfuran-2-yl) ethyl}-2-methoxyphenol and 6-Paradol. Secondary metabolite(Phytochemical)investigations of Aframomum melegueta extracts revealed the presence of (-)-buplerol, (-)-arctigenin, (E)- 14-hydroxy-15-norlabda-8(17), 12-dien- 16-al, labda-8(17), 12-dien-15, 16- dial, 16-oxo-8(17), 12(E)-labdadien-15-oic acid, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy flavone and apigenin, The combination of all this novel compound can be used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Spondias mombin belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae medicinal plants and contains Catechin and Epigalocatechin, Epicatechin, Stigmasterol and Phytosterol, a very important flavonoid that can be used in drug formulation because of its extensive therapeutic properties which may inhibit specific enzymes, blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that raises blood pressure of infected patient during elevated fever clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Spondias monbin extract may act by blocking the “suicide” enzyme cyclooxygenase that breaks down prostaglandins, they also prevent platelet aggregation. Cancer-battling antioxidants, flavonoids, have been found in relative abundance in Aframomum melegueta and Spondias mombin. Epicatechin have been proven to have diverse benefits to human health. It reduces the risks of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, EGC acts as a strong inhibitor of HIV replication in cultured peripheral blood cells and inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in vitro. EGC binds directly to CD4 molecules with consequent inhibition of Gp 120 binding and inactivate viruses in vitro by deformation of phospholipids, Epicatechin and other polyphenols decreases the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation which prevents the initiation of artherosclerosis, HIV protein (Tat) and gp120.In conclusion. SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) pandemic infection should not be a death sentence, it should be an advancement into the scientific world especially the naturally occurring product that can be used in the formulation of new antimicrobial agents.
Reconstitution and Transmission of Gut Microbiomes and Their Genes between Generations
