scholarly journals The Reduction of Pathogen Load on Ross 708 Broilers when Using Different Sources of Commercial Peracetic Acid Sanitizers in a Pilot Processing Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Feye ◽  
Dana K. Dittoe ◽  
Zhaohao Shi ◽  
Jessica Woitte ◽  
Casey M. Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pathogen Load ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
The University ◽  
Different Sources

Peracetic acid (PAA) in poultry processing is not necessarily the same from company to company. Anecdotal evidence suggests that PeraClean may be more stable compared to the competition; however, it is not known what impact potential differences in chemical stability may have. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of PAA, one PAA (PeraClean, P) was qualitatively compared against two competitor products (Competitors 1 and 2, C1 and C2) at the University of Arkansas Pilot Processing Plant. A total of 150 Ross 708 broilers (42 d) were used in the current study. Briefly, prior to treatment, 10 birds were sampled post-evisceration (C). Then, one of four treatment groups per PAA were applied (A1, A2, B1, and B2). The birds were dipped in either 400 ppm or 600 ppm PAA (A or B), chilled in either 25 ppm or 45 ppm PAA (1 or 2), and then manually agitated in 400 mL of nBPW for 1 min. There were 10 birds per treatment group in total. The resulting rinsates were transported to the Center for Food Safety and assessed for total microbiological load with total aerobic plate counts (Trypticase Soy Agar; APC), coliforms, (Eosin Methylene Blue Media; EMB), Salmonella (Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar, XLD), and Campylobacter (modified Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar, mCCDA). The microbiological plates were incubated as per manufacturer’s directions. Statistical analyses were calculated in JMP 14.0, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Data indicate that all three sources of PAA are effective sanitizers for poultry processing applications compared within treatment. Qualitatively, there were differences in efficacy between the treatments. However, additional studies will be required to determine if those differences are quantitatively distinctive and if they are attributable to differences in product stability.

Influence of Oily Bird Syndrome on the Shelf-Life of Fresh Ice-Packed Broilers

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 813-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. FLETCHER ◽  
D. M. THOMASON ◽  
J. O. REAGAN ◽  
D. D. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Food Science Department ◽  
Retail Conditions

Processed ready-to-cook broiler carcasses were obtained from a commercial poultry processing plant on three separate occasions. The birds were identified at the plant as being either normal or as exhibiting the appearance and feel of birds exhibiting the phenomena collectively termed as “oily bird syndrome” (OBS). The carcasses were packed in ice, transported to the Food Science Department, University of Georgia, held on ice for 24 h and individually bagged and stored under retail conditions at 2°C. At 2, 8, 14 and 20 days postmortem, the birds were examined microbiologically for total plate counts and observed for evidence of spoilage. No consistent trends could be ascertained to indicate that birds exhibiting OBS would have higher total bacterial numbers or shorter shelf-life. Thus, it would appear that birds exhibiting OBS would pose no problems regarding initial microbial loads, microbial growth rates or reduced fresh shelf-life as compared to carcasses not exhibiting OBS.

scholarly journals Investigating the Etiology of Increased Incidence of Sour Knuckles in Commercial Beef Processing Facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Thompson ◽  
M. N. Nair ◽  
I. Geornaras ◽  
J. N. Martin ◽  
B. McFarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Plate Counts

ObjectivesCattle weights have increased during the last couple of decades and have not always been accompanied by improvements in facility capabilities and management. Alongside quality issues of color, tenderness, and water holding capacity, issues such as sour muscles and bone taints are now appearing with great frequency in the meat industry. Development of off-flavor/sourness in deep muscles such as knuckles (vastus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris) has been a long-standing issue in the beef industry, however, has not been well characterized. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the cause, and characterize sour odor associated with beef knuckles using microbial, odor panel, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC–MS) analyses.Materials and MethodsKnuckles (n = 10) identified as having no sour odor (control), slight odor, or severe odor were collected from the fabrication line of a commercial beef processing plant. Sponge samples of synovial fluid and femur surface of the round were also obtained at the time of collection, for determination of anaerobic sporeformer counts. The collected knuckles were transported on ice to the laboratory where they were aseptically separated into two halves, with one half destined for microbial, odor, and GC–MS analyses on the day of collection (Day 0) and the other half for the same analyses after 35 d of vacuum packaged storage at 2°C (Day 35). For microbial analysis, 15 g of tissue was excised from the muscle surface and was analyzed for aerobic plate counts (Petrifilm Aerobic Count plates) and lactic acid bacteria counts (Lactobacilli MRS agar). Samples (5 g) for GC–MS were held at –80°C until analysis. The remainder of the sample was diced and used for trained odor panels. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA function in R (v. 3.5.1.), with a significance level of α = 0.05. Upon finding significant differences (P < 0.05) the means function was used to determine differences between groups.ResultsIrrespective of sourness classification of the knuckles, similar (P > 0.05) anaerobic sporeformer counts were obtained for the synovial fluid and femur surface. Additionally, muscle tissue samples from control, slightly sour and severely sour knuckles had similar (P > 0.05) aerobic plate counts and lactic acid bacteria counts. Odor panelists identified differences (P < 0.05) for all attributes between control and sour knuckles (slight and severe) on Day 0. Similarly, on Day 35, differences (P < 0.05) were observed between control, slightly sour, and severely sour knuckles for all attributes, with severe receiving the highest score for all categories. GC–MS results showed no differences (P > 0.05) between control and sour knuckles for propionic, butyric, isobutyric, and acetonic acid.ConclusionMicrobiological analysis found no differences in culturable organisms between control, slight, and severely sour knuckles on Day 0 or Day 35. However, odor panelists were able to identify differences between control and sour knuckles even after 35 d in vacuum packaging. GC–MS analysis did not indicate a statistical difference in the abundance of volatiles between the treatments, probably due to high variations within treatment groups.

Application of Peracetic Acid and Quarternary Ammonium Disinfectants as a Part of Sanitary Treatment in a Poultry House and Poultry Processing Plant

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kašková ◽  
O. Ondrašovičová ◽  
M. Vargová ◽  
M. Ondrašovič ◽  
J. Venglovský
Keyword(s):  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Sanitary Treatment

Developing probiotics, prebiotics, and organic acids to control Salmonella spp. in commercial turkeys at the University of Arkansas, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Guillermo Tellez-Isaias ◽  
Christine N. Vuong ◽  
Brittany D. Graham ◽  
Callie M. Selby ◽  
Lucas E. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Live Poultry ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
The University ◽  
Published Research

In the United States, non-typhoidal Salmonella causes over one million foodborne infections every year and turkey meat contaminated with Salmonella has been associated from the farm to the processing plant. These outbreaks emphasize efforts on decreasing and preventing human illness associated with live poultry contact through comprehensive interventions from \farm-to-fork" levels. This review article revises the role of the turkey upper respiratory tract, which is now known to play a crucial role in colonization and as a source of contamination, for this remarkable bacterium that has co-evolved to infect plants and animals. Because agriculture represents over 60% of the economy of the state of Arkansas, the mission of our laboratory over the last 21 years has been directed to evaluate and develop applied research to help reduce the incidence of Salmonella spp. from commercial turkey operations. A summary of the published research is presented.

scholarly journals Control of Listeria spp. by Competitive-Exclusion Bacteria in Floor Drains of a Poultry Processing Plant

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3314-3320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Teresa C. Podtburg ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Bruce E. Schmidt ◽  
David A. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Enterococcus Durans ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT In previous studies workers determined that two lactic acid bacterium isolates, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C-1-92 and Enterococcus durans 152 (competitive-exclusion bacteria [CE]), which were originally obtained from biofilms in floor drains, are bactericidal to Listeria monocytogenes or inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes both in vitro and in biofilms at 4 to 37�C. We evaluated the efficacy of these isolates for reducing Listeria spp. contamination of floor drains of a plant in which fresh poultry is processed. Baseline assays revealed that the mean numbers of Listeria sp. cells in floor drains sampled on six different dates (at approximately biweekly intervals) were 7.5 log10 CFU/100 cm2 for drain 8, 4.9 log10 CFU/100 cm2 for drain 3, 4.4 log10 CFU/100 cm2 for drain 2, 4.1 log10 CFU/100 cm2 for drain 4, 3.7 log10 CFU/100 cm2 for drain 1, and 3.6 log10 CFU/100 cm2 for drain 6. The drains were then treated with 107 CE/ml in an enzyme-foam-based cleaning agent four times in 1 week and twice a week for the following 3 weeks. In samples collected 1 week after CE treatments were applied Listeria sp. cells were not detectable (samples were negative as determined by selective enrichment culture) for drains 4 and 6 (reductions of 4.1 and 3.6 log10 CFU/100 cm2, respectively), and the mean numbers of Listeria sp. cells were 3.7 log10 CFU/100 cm2 for drain 8 (a reduction of 3.8 log10 CFU/100 cm2), <1.7 log10 CFU/100 cm2 for drain 1 (detectable only by selective enrichment culture; a reduction of 3.3 log10 CFU/100 cm2), and 2.6 log10 CFU/100 cm2 for drain 3 (a reduction of 2.3 log10 CFU/100 cm2). However, the aerobic plate counts for samples collected from floor drains before, during, and after CE treatment remained approximately the same. The results indicate that application of the two CE can greatly reduce the number of Listeria sp. cells in floor drains at 3 to 26�C in a facility in which fresh poultry is processed.

scholarly journals Effects of Angus or Hereford Sires Bred to Predominately Angus Cows on Steer Offspring Growth Performance and Carcass Traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Yang ◽  
K. S. Anschutz ◽  
J. G. Powell ◽  
J. T. Richeson ◽  
F. W. Pohlman
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
West Texas ◽  
The University ◽  
Fall Calving

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of sire breed, Angus or Hereford, on steer offspring performance and carcass traits of predominately Angus cows.Materials and MethodsOver 6 yr, 342 fall-calving, mixed aged Angus and Angus-crossbred cows were bred to either Angus or Hereford sires. Cattle were housed with access to pasture at the University of Arkansas’ beef research unit. Calves were processed at birth and weaned early-to-middle of May. After weaning, steers grazed at the farm for 2 mo before being transported to the West Texas A&M research feedlot, located in Canyon, TX, and remained there until harvest. Steers were harvested when a minimum backfat thickness of 1.0 cm was achieved. For harvest, steers were transported to a meat processing plant in Friona, Texas. Carcass data was collected for analysis. For analysis and results, steers with Angus sires were referred to as Angus steers and steers with Hereford sires were referred to as Hereford steers.ResultsHereford steers had greater (P < 0.05) birth weight than Angus steers. The adjusted weaning weight was greater (P < 0.05) for Angus steers than Hereford steers. Angus steers had greater hot carcass weight (P < 0.05) and ribeye area (P < 0.05) compared to Hereford steers. Hereford steers had higher (P < 0.05) yield grade than Angus steers. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in backfat thickness between Angus and Hereford steers. Angus steers had higher(P < 0.05) marbling number score than Hereford steers. The number of months from birth to harvest was longer (P < 0.05) in Angus steers compared to Hereford steers.ConclusionSire breed affected various carcass traits of steers from cows that were predominately Angus.

scholarly journals Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprinting of Pseudomonas Strains from a Poultry Processing Plant

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 3828-3833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifigenia Geornaras ◽  
Nokuthula F. Kunene ◽  
Alexander von Holy ◽  
John W. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Molecular typing has been used previously to identify and trace dissemination of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria associated with food processing. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a novel DNA fingerprinting technique which is considered highly reproducible and has high discriminatory power. This technique was used to fingerprint 88 Pseudomonas fluorescens andPseudomonas putida strains that were previously isolated from plate counts of carcasses at six processing stages and various equipment surfaces and environmental sources of a poultry abattoir. Clustering of the AFLP patterns revealed a high level of diversity among the strains. Six clusters (clusters I through VI) were delineated at an arbitrary Dice coefficient level of 0.65; clusters III (31 strains) and IV (28 strains) were the largest clusters. More than one-half (52.3%) of the strains obtained from carcass samples, which may have represented the resident carcass population, grouped together in cluster III. By contrast, 43.2% of the strains from most of the equipment surfaces and environmental sources grouped together in cluster IV. In most cases, the clusters in which carcass strains from processing stages grouped corresponded to the clusters in which strains from the associated equipment surfaces and/or environmental sources were found. This provided evidence that there was cross-contamination between carcasses and the abattoir environment at the DNA level. The AFLP data also showed that strains were being disseminated from the beginning to the end of the poultry processing operation, since many strains associated with carcasses at the packaging stage were members of the same clusters as strains obtained from carcasses after the defeathering stage.

A geometallurgical characterization study of the Crystalkop Reef at the Great Noligwa Mine, Klerksdorp Goldfield, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-322
Author(s):  
D. Pienaar ◽  
B.M. Guy ◽  
C. Pienaar ◽  
K.S. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Gold Cyanide ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Mineralogical and textural variability of ores from different sources commonly leads to processing inefficiencies, particularly when a processing plant is designed to treat ore from a single source (i.e. ore of a relatively uniform composition). The bulk of the Witwatersrand ore in the Klerksdorp goldfield, processed at the AngloGold Ashanti Great Noligwa treatment plant, is derived from the Vaal Reef (>90%), with a comparatively small contribution obtained from the Crystalkop Reef (or C-Reef). Despite the uneven contribution, it is of critical importance to ensure that the processing parameters are optimized for the treatment of both the Vaal and C-Reefs. This paper serves to document the results of a geometallurgical study of the C-Reef at the Great Noligwa gold mine in the Klerksdorp goldfield of South Africa, with the primary aim of assessing the suitability of the processing parameters that are in use at the Great Noligwa plant. The paper also draws comparisons between the C-Reef and the Vaal Reef A-facies (Vaal Reef) and attempts to explain minor differences in the recovery of gold and uranium from these two sources. Three samples of the C-Reef were collected in-situ from the underground operations at Great Noligwa mine for mineralogical analyses and metallurgical tests. Laboratory-scale leach tests for gold (cyanide) and uranium (sulphuric acid) were carried out using dissolution conditions similar to that in use at the Great Noligwa plant, followed by further diagnostic leaching in the case of gold. The gold in the ore was found to be readily leachable with recoveries ranging from 95% to 97% (as opposed to 89% to 93% for the Vaal Reef). Additional recoveries were achieved in the presence of excess cyanide (96% to 98%). The recovery of uranium varied between 72% and 76% (as opposed to 30% to 64% for the Vaal Reef), which is substantially higher than predicted, given the amount of brannerite in the ore, which is generally regarded as refractory. Thus, the higher uranium recoveries from the C-Reef imply that a proportion of the uranium was recovered by the partial dissolution of brannerite. As the Vaal Reef contain high amounts of chlorite (3% to 8%), which is an important acid consumer, it is considered likely that this could have reduced the effectiveness of the H2SO4 leach in the case of the ore of the Vaal Reef. Since the gold and uranium recoveries from the C-Reef were higher than the recoveries from the Vaal Reef, the results demonstrate that the processing parameters used for treatment of the Vaal Reef are equally suited to the treatment of the C-Reef. Moreover, small processing modifications, such as increased milling and leach retention times, may well increase the recovery of gold (particularly when e.g. coarse gold, or unexposed gold, is present).

Effect of a-Week Summer Camp on the Hopelessness and Self-Esteem of the University Students Attending Sport Sciences Faculty

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korkmaz YİĞİTER ◽  
Hakan TOSUN
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The University

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of participation in a 1-week summer camp on thehopelessness and self-esteem of the university students attending Sport Sciences Faculty. Participants were 36university students assigned to experiment group using a random procedure. Coopersmith Self-esteem and Beck Hopelessness Scales were completed at the beginning and end of the summer camp by designed the university. The obtained data were analysed in the SPSS 18.0 program and the significance level was taken as 0.05. The descriptive statistics, independent simple t test, paired simple t test and Pearson correlation were used for analyse the data in the study. According to the results of the research, no significant difference was observed in the comparison of the hopelessness and self-esteem levels between pre and post-test. In addition, there was a significant difference in the hopelessness level of male and female students but any significant difference was not observed in terms of self-esteem. There was a significant relationship between hopelessness and self-esteem pre and post-test. These result shows that a 1-week summer camp cannot change the hopelessness or self-esteem level. However, as the self-esteem rises, the rate of despair decreases whereas as the despair rises, the selfesteem decreases.

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