scholarly journals Fungal Diversity of Deteriorated Sparkling Wine and Cork Stoppers in Catalonia, Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Rodríguez-Andrade ◽  
Alberto M. Stchigel ◽  
Josep Guarro ◽  
José F. Cano-Lira
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Sparkling Wine ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Aspergillus Section Nidulantes ◽  
Cork Taint ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Cork Stoppers

Filamentous fungi are rarely reported as responsible for spoiling wine. Cork taint was detected in sparkling wine; therefore, we investigated fungal contamination as a possible cause of organoleptic alteration. Spoiled wine was filtered and membranes were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). The cork stoppers used for sealing bottles were cut and also plated onto PDA. Fungal strains were phenotypically characterized and molecularly identified by sequencing of a fragment of the 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) and (occasionally) by other additional molecular markers. Twenty-seven strains were isolated and sixteen species were identified, all of them belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. The fungi isolated from wine were three species of Aspergillus section Nidulantes, a species of Penicillium section Exicaulis and Beauveria bassiana. Candida patagonica was isolated from both sort of samples, and the fungi isolated from cork stoppers were Altenaria alternata and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Surprisingly, most of the taxa recovered from the cork stoppers and/or wine were new to the science: a new genus (Dactylodendron) and seven new species belonging to the genera Cladophialophora, Dactylodendron, Kirschsteiniothelia, Rasamsonia, and Talaromyces. Future studies could let us know if these fungi would be able to produce compounds responsible for cork taint.

scholarly journals Fungal Endophytic Community Associated with Guarana (Paullinia cupana Var. Sorbilis): Diversity Driver by Genotypes in the Centre of Origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Carla Santos ◽  
Blenda Naara Santos da Silva ◽  
Ana Francisca Tibúrcia Amorim Ferreira e Ferreira ◽  
Cledir Santos ◽  
Nelson Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Paullinia Cupana ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Latent Pathogens

Guarana plant is a native of the Amazon region. Due to its high amount of caffeine and tannins, the seed has medicinal and stimulating properties. The guarana industry has grown exponentially in recent years; however, little information is available about associated mycobiota, particularly endophytic fungi. The present study aimed to compare the distribution and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the leaves and seeds of anthracnose-resistant and susceptible guarana plants produced in Maués and Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. A total of 7514 endophytic fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar, Sabouraud and Czapek media, and grouped into 77 morphological groups. Overall, fungal communities in guarana leaves and seeds were mainly composed by Colletotrichum and Fusarium genera, but also by Chondrostereum, Clonostachys, Curvularia, Hypomontagnella, Lentinus, Neopestalotiopsis, Nigrospora, Peroneutypa, Phyllosticta, Simplicillium and Tinctoporellus. Obtained results indicate that some members of Colletotrichum and Fusarium genera may have experienced dysbiosis during the guarana domestication process, suggesting that some individuals may behave as latent pathogens. The susceptible guarana genotype cultivated in Manaus presented higher fungal diversity. The relative abundance of taxa and diversity among samples suggests that communities are structured by genotype and geographic location. This is the first report of mycobiota in both guarana leaves and seeds.

scholarly journals Mycobiota of rape seeds in Romania. I. Identification of mycobiota associated with rape seeds from different areas of Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-277
Author(s):  
Tatiana-Eugenia Şesan ◽  
Octavian Groza
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
First Time

<p>The spectrum of fungal diversity associated with rape seeds belonging to 33 cultivars (Alaska, Astrada, Astrid, Atlantic, Betty, Champlein, Chayenne, Dexter, Digger, Elvis, Eurowest, Finesse, Herkules, Hydromel, Hydromel-MA, Ladoga, anitoba, Masa Rom, Milena, Mohican, Montego, Nectar, Ontario, Orkan, Perla (4 lots), Remy, Robust, Rodeo, Saphir, Tiger, Tiger CBC Lot ROM06-121-110, Triangle, Valesca, Vectra) and 2 hybrids (H-90-20-83, H-90-21-83) has been established by samples’ macroscopical and microscopical analizying, during 2006-2008, for the first time in Romania. The Ulster method on malt-agar and PDA culture media has been used, evaluating the percentage of fungal taxons present on/in rape seeds. The most important pathogenic fungi identified were: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum </em>(Lib.) de Bary, <em>Botrytis cinerea </em>Pers., <em>Rhizoctonia solani </em>Kühn, <em>Alternaria brassicae </em>(Berk.) Sacc., <em>A. brassicicola </em>(Schwein.) Wiltshire and <em>Fusarium </em>spp. Also, a large quantities of some saprophytic fungi, as <em>Alternaria</em>, <em>Cladosporium</em>, <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Penicillium</em>, <em>Rhizopus </em>have been recorded. These ones have been affected the health condition of rape seeds, suppressing their germination and other vital phenomena. Among potential antagonistic fungi the following genera have been isolated: <em>Chaetomium </em>(0-4%), <em>Trichoderma </em>(0-10%), <em>Aspergillus </em>(0-14%), <em>Penicillium </em>(0-100%). Some correlations and comparisons have been established between fungal diversity, their provenience, cultivars, culture media (Malt-Agar/MA, Potato-Dextrose-Agar/PDA) used. It has been evaluated the behaviour of rape cultivars and hybrids towards the main rape seed pathogens.</p>

Fungal strains isolated from cork stoppers and the formation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole involved in the cork taint of wine

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Prak ◽  
Ziya Gunata ◽  
Joseph-Pierre Guiraud ◽  
Sabine Schorr-Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Cork Taint ◽  
Cork Stoppers

Fungi associated with seeds of eastern white pine and white spruce during cone processing and seed extraction

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1026-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Mittal ◽  
B. S. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Seed Conditioning

Using standard moist-blotter and potato-dextrose-agar tests, 13 species of fungi were isolated from seeds and cone scales of Pinusstrobus and 17 species from Piceaglauca. Most fungi were common to both hosts but varied considerably in prevalence on seeds during cone processing and seed extraction. Alternariaalternata, Aureobasidiumpullulans, Cladosporiumcladosporoides, C. herbarum, Fusariumsporotrichioides, Mucorhiemalis, Penicilliumaurantiogriseum, and Rhizopusnigricans were associated with more seeds than other species identified. In closed cones on trees the seeds were usually free from fungi that developed and spread during cone processing and seed extraction. Seeds extracted from cones that were kept on the forest floor showed more fungal contamination than those brought to the laboratory immediately after collection. Seed moisture content gradually decreased, while germination increased between cone collection and final seed conditioning.

scholarly journals Afrohybanthus (Violaceae), a new genus for a distinctive and widely distributed Old World hybanthoid lineage

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Flicker ◽  
Harvey E. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Old World ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Additional Support

Recent traditional and molecular systematic studies of the violet family, Violaceae, have confirmed extensive polyphyly of the genus Hybanthus and substantial polyphyly in Rinorea as well. Phylogenetic analyses have proposed up to nine distinct hybanthoid clades. Broad studies of representative taxa within each clade have revealed coherent suites of macromorphological traits in foliage, flowers, fruits and seeds that easily discriminate the nine hybanthoid lineages from each other and from currently recognized genera in the family. Base chromosome numbers and biogeography also provide additional support for recognition of the hybanthoid clades as distinct segregate genera. Some hybanthoid clades have available older generic names, but one of the two Old World lineages, namely the Hybanthus enneaspermus group, is presently nameless. This clade, distinctive in its ellipsoid, pale yellow, often foveolate seeds, is the most diverse in the Paleotropics, with approximately 25 species distributed across Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, northern Australia and the southwestern Pacific. The group is segregated here as Afrohybanthus gen. nov., with new combinations provided for existing names, all of which have thus far proven morphologically distinct and worthy of recognition at the rank of species. Imminent future studies will describe additional taxa in the new genus.

Presence of cork-taint responsible compounds in wines and their cork stoppers

2000 ◽  
Vol 211 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peña-Neira ◽  
B. Fernández de Simón ◽  
M. C. García-Vallejo ◽  
T. Hernández ◽  
E. Cadahía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cork Taint ◽  
Cork Stoppers

scholarly journals Elemental characterization of sparkling wine and cork stoppers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Debastiani ◽  
Carla Eliete Iochims dos Santos ◽  
Johnny Ferraz Dias
Keyword(s):  
Sparkling Wine ◽  
Elemental Characterization ◽  
Cork Stoppers

An Early Developmental Marker for Radial Glia in Rat Spinal Cord

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
V. Kriho ◽  
H.-Y. Yang ◽  
C.-M. Lue ◽  
N. Lieska ◽  
G. D. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Spinal Cord Development ◽  
Median Septum ◽  
Differentiation Marker ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Developing Rat

Radial glia have been classically defined as those early glial cells that radially span their thin processes from the ventricular to the pial surfaces in the developing central nervous system. These radial glia constitute a transient cell population, disappearing, for the most part, by the end of the period of neuronal migration. Traditionally, it has been difficult to definitively identify these cells because the principal criteria available were morphologic only.Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we have previously defined a phenotype for radial glia in rat spinal cord based upon the sequential expression of vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and an intermediate filament-associated protein, IFAP-70/280kD. We report here the application of another intermediate filament-associated protein, IFAP-300kD, originally identified in BHK-21 cells, to the immunofluorescence study of radial glia in the developing rat spinal cord.Results showed that IFAP-300kD appeared very early in rat spinal cord development. In fact by embryonic day 13, IFAP-300kD immunoreactivity was already at its peak and was observed in most of the radial glia which span the spinal cord from the ventricular to the subpial surfaces (Fig. 1). Interestingly, from this time, IFAP-300kD immunoreactivity diminished rapidly in a dorsal to ventral manner, so that by embryonic day 16 it was detectable only in the maturing macroglial cells in the marginal zone of the spinal cord and the dorsal median septum (Fig. 2). By birth, the spinal cord was essentially immuno-negative for this IFAP. Thus, IFAP-300kD appears to be another differentiation marker available for future studies of gliogenesis, especially for the early stages of radial glia differentiation.

Autophagy and ageing: implications for age-related neurodegenerative diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Carroll ◽  
Graeme Hewitt ◽  
Viktor I. Korolchuk
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
Autophagy Activity ◽  
Intense Research

Autophagy is a process of lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation that participates in the liberation of resources including amino acids and energy to maintain homoeostasis. Autophagy is particularly important in stress conditions such as nutrient starvation and any perturbation in the ability of the cell to activate or regulate autophagy can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. An area of intense research interest is the role and indeed the fate of autophagy during cellular and organismal ageing. Age-related disorders are associated with increased cellular stress and assault including DNA damage, reduced energy availability, protein aggregation and accumulation of damaged organelles. A reduction in autophagy activity has been observed in a number of ageing models and its up-regulation via pharmacological and genetic methods can alleviate age-related pathologies. In particular, autophagy induction can enhance clearance of toxic intracellular waste associated with neurodegenerative diseases and has been comprehensively demonstrated to improve lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, rodents and primates. The situation, however, has been complicated by the identification that autophagy up-regulation can also occur during ageing. Indeed, in certain situations, reduced autophagosome induction may actually provide benefits to ageing cells. Future studies will undoubtedly improve our understanding of exactly how the multiple signals that are integrated to control appropriate autophagy activity change during ageing, what affect this has on autophagy and to what extent autophagy contributes to age-associated pathologies. Identification of mechanisms that influence a healthy lifespan is of economic, medical and social importance in our ‘ageing’ world.

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