scholarly journals Granular Calcite Stimulates Natural Mycorrhization and Growth of White Spruce Seedlings in Peat-Based Substrates in Forest Nursery

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Mario Renaud ◽  
Isabelle Auger ◽  
J. André Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Covering Material ◽  
Forest Nurseries

The acidity of peat-based substrates used in forest nurseries limits seedling mineral nutrition and growth as well as the activity of microorganisms. To our knowledge, no study has yet evaluated the use of granular calcite as a covering material to increase pH, calcium and CO2 concentrations in the rhizosphere and ectomycorrhizal development. The objective is to compare different covering treatments on early colonization of the roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi, as well as the growth and calcium nutrition of white spruce seedlings in the forest nursery. Three treatments were used to cover the plant cavities (Silica (29 g/cavity; control treatment), Calcite (24 g/cavity) and calcite+ (31 g/cavity)) and were distributed randomly inside each of the five complete blocks of the experimental design. The results show that calcite stimulates natural mycorrhization. Seedlings grown with calcite have significant gains for several growth and physiological variables, and that the periphery of their root plugs are more colonized by the extramatrical phase of ectomycorrhizal fungi, thus improving root-plug cohesion. The authors discuss the operational scope of the results in relation to the tolerance of seedlings to environmental stress and the improvement of their quality, both in the nursery and in reforestation sites.

scholarly journals Granular Calcite: A New Cultural Practice to Improve the Physicochemistry of the Peat Substrate, Growth and Morphophysiological Quality of White Spruce Seedlings in Forest Nurseries

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Mario Renaud ◽  
Isabelle Auger
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Large White ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Growing Picea glauca seedlings poses many challenges for forest nursery managers, including reaching the target height at the end of the first growing season (1 + 0) and the homogeneity and uniformity of seedling growth. To increase growth and morphophysiological quality of white spruce seedlings (1 + 0), emphasis was placed on improving the physicochemistry of the acidic peat substrate by replacing silica with granular calcite as a covering material. The objective of our study is to compare the effects of silica and calcite on the physicochemistry of the peat substrate, as well as on growth and mineral nutrition of white spruce seedlings (1 + 0) under forest nursery conditions. Three treatments were used to cover the cavities of large white spruce seedlings produced in containers: silica (29 g/cavity; control treatment), calcite (24 g/cavity) and calcite + (31 g/cavity). At the end of the first growing season, the two calcite treatments significantly increased the total dry mass (28%), roots (27%) and shoot (29%) dry masses and height (24%) compared to silica treatments. Average calcium concentration and content of calcite treatments were significantly higher than that of silica treatment.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Virulence of Pythium Species Obtained from Forest Nursery Soils on Douglas-Fir Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Bryan R. Beck ◽  
Anne Davis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Pythium species are common soilborne oomycetes that occur in forest nursery soils throughout the United States. Numerous species have been described from nursery soils. However, with the exception of P. aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum, little is known about the potential for other Pythium species found in nursery soils to cause damping-off of tree seedlings. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of 44 Pythium isolates representing 16 species that were originally recovered from soil at three forest nurseries in Washington and Oregon. Seeds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were planted into soil infested with each of the isolates. Seedling survival, the number of surviving seedlings with necrotic root lesions, and taproot length were evaluated 4 weeks later. Responses of Douglas-fir to inoculation varied significantly depending on Pythium species and isolate. Eight species (P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. aff. macrosporum, P. mamillatum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) significantly reduced the number of surviving seedlings compared to the noninoculated treatment. However, all Pythium species caused a greater percentage of seedlings to develop root lesions (total mean 40%) than was observed from noninoculated seedlings (17%). Taproot length varied little among Pythium treatments and was not a useful character for evaluating pathogenicity. Results confirm the ability of P. irregulare, P. mamillatum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum to cause damping-off of Douglas-fir seedlings, and are indicative that other species such as P. dissotocum, P. aff. macrosporum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, and P. sylvaticum may also be responsible for seedling loss.

scholarly journals Growth and mineral nutrition of Solanum americanum

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bianco ◽  
L.B. Carvalho ◽  
M.S. Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Greenhouse Trial ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Solanum Americanum ◽  
Experimental Stage

A greenhouse trial was carried out from November 1995 to April 1996 at FCAV/UNESP, Brazil, aiming to study the dry matter production and the accumulation and distribution of macronutrients in Solanum americanum, an important weed for annual and perennial crops in Brazil. The plants were grown in seven liter pots with sand substrate, irrigated daily with Hoagland & Arnon nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments corresponded to evaluation times at 14 day intervals, beginning 21 days after emergence (DAE). In each evaluation, the plants of four pots were analyzed for dry matter production and macronutrient content. S. americanum had a small dry matter and macronutrient accumulation at the beginning of the experimental stage, increasing after 77 DAE and reaching the maximum theoretical value at 142, 142, 164, 149, 140, 149 and 152 DAE, for dry matter, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. K and N were the most accumulated macronutrients for S. americanum plants.

scholarly journals Production of cut sunflower under water volumes and substrates with coconut fiber

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 859-865
Author(s):  
Marcelo S. de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel F. de Carvalho ◽  
Daniela P. Gomes ◽  
Fernandes A. C. Pereira ◽  
Leonardo O. Medici
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Volumes

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the production of cut sunflower in response to different water volumes and substrates, composed of soil and coconut fiber. Two simultaneous experiments were conducted in greenhouse, located in the Horticulture Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica - RJ, Brazil (22º 48’ S, 43º 41’ W and altitude of 33 m), between April and June 2016. Water was applied by an Simplified Irrigation Controller (SIC), allowing the application of different volumes (33, 67 and 133% of retention capacity of substrate) in comparison to the control treatment (100%). The substrates used were 1/3 of coconut fiber and 2/3 of soil (v/v) (Experiment 1), and 2/3 of coconut fiber and 1/3 of soil (Experiment 2). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 5 replicates. The treatment with 100% of the volume applied by the SIC led to best growth of sunflower, increasing the potential income obtained with stems at better marketing standard according to the prices practiced.

scholarly journals Allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) on lettuce and maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 40972
Author(s):  
Nayara Parisoto Boiago ◽  
Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes ◽  
Daiane Maria Pilatti ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Siberti da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Germination Speed

 This study aimed to analyse the allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry leaves on the germination of lettuce and the initial development of maize. Brazilian cherry leaves were used to prepare a fresh aqueous extract (200 g L-1) and an infused extract (100 g L-1), which were diluted to concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 or 2.0% w/v. The variables evaluated in lettuce were the germination rate (GR), germination time index (GTI), germination speed index (GSI) and root length (RL). To determine the effect on the initial development of maize, we measured the shoot (SL) and root (RL) length. The experimental design included a factorial 2 × 5 design (two extracts and five concentrations), in addition to a control treatment (no extract). In general, the allelopathic bioactivity differed between the fresh and infused extracts. The fresh extract was more phytotoxic for the GR and RL of lettuce. Some beneficial results were observed for the infused extract, including an increase in the RL of lettuce and SL of maize. These effects were dependent on the extract concentration. Thus, there is evidence that Brazilian cherry extracts have allelopathic bioactivity. 

scholarly journals The Influence of Microfungi on the Mycelial Growth of Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Tricholoma matsutake

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Yoon Oh ◽  
Myung Soo Park ◽  
Young Woon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Tricholoma Matsutake ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) is one of the most valued ectomycorrhizal fungi in Asia because of its unique pine-like aroma; however, due to exceptionally slow growth of its mycelia in artificial conditions, its cultivation has been largely deemed as not possible. Previous studies have shown that some bacteria and a few Trichoderma species associated with pine mushroom promoted the growth of T. matsutake isolate, but this effect is relatively unexplored. In this study, we investigated the diversity of microfungi in the fairy ring of T. matsutake and their effect on the growth of T. matsutake isolate. From 184 fungal isolates, 28 species were identified based on suitable molecular markers. Penicillium was most frequently observed (16 species), followed by Trichoderma (4 species). Five Zygomycota species showed a high promoting effect on the growth of T. matsutake while the effects of ascomycetes were mixed. The microfungi that promote the growth of T. matsutake can be useful for forest nursery and artificial cultivation of T. matsutake.

Polymeric Nursery Bed Stabilization to Reduce Seed Losses in Forest Nurseries

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
William C. Carlson ◽  
John G. Anthony ◽  
R. P. Plyler
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

Abstract A polymerization treatment using Geotech, a copolymer of acrylate and vinyl acetate monomers, was used to stabilize forest nursery beds to substantially reduce wind and water erosion. Such treatment did not affect either the temperature of the seed zone in the soil or germinant emergence.Seed losses were reduced by the treatment, resulting in increased nursery yield. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):116-119.

scholarly journals Productive and qualitative parameters of four Physalis species cultivated under colored shade nets

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Rafael Pio ◽  
Maurizio Micheli ◽  
Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Adalvan Daniel Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Blue Shade ◽  
Brazilian Biodiversity

Abstract The genus Physalis L. has great importance in the framework of Brazilian biodiversity especially in the Amazon region. The use of colored shading nets allow manipulating the light spectrum, and thus supplying the appropriate quantity and quality of light for each species and maximizing production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shade nets on fruit production and qualitative parameters of four species belonging to genus Physalis. The experimental design was random blocks with a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, four species of Physalis (P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa) and four colors of shade nets (white, blue, red and black), besides the control treatment under full sun exposure. Fruits were collected weekly and evaluated for longitudinal and transversal diameter and biomass with and without a calyx. Finally the percentage of calyx biomass compared to the total fruit biomass, number of fruits per plant and production were determined. A differentiated response was found among the species regarding the coloring of the converter shade nets. Plants of P. peruviana had the best productive and qualitative parameters of fruits when cultivated in full sunlight or under white shade nets, P. pubescens and P. minima when cultivated in full sunlight or under white and blue shade nets, and P. ixocarpa under red or black shade nets.

Effects of housing conditions on behaviour and physiology in the Finnraccoon (Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
T Koistinen ◽  
A-M Moisander-Jylha ◽  
HT Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Time Behaviour ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Nest Box ◽  
Physiological Variables

The welfare of juvenile Finnraccoons (Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis) was compared between various housing conditions through the measurement of day-time behaviour and physiological variables. For the small control treatment (SC), Finnraccoons were raised in pairs in small cages; in the large area treatment (LA), in pairs in large cages; in the large control treatment (LC), in groups of four in large cages and in the large enrichment treatment (LE), in groups of four in large cages with access to a nest-box and a large tube, from weaning to pelting time. Study subjects consisted of a total of 152 Finnraccoons. As autumn progressed, day-time resting increased, especially allohuddling; while active behaviours decreased. Allohuddling was the most common type of resting; apart from in the LE treatment, resting shelters were used effectively alongside allohuddling. Locomotion was observed more frequently in LA and LC treatments, ie in large cages without shelters. The nest-box roof was preferred to the platform as an elevated location, and the nest-box to the tube as a resting shelter. Agonistic interactions were not observed. Males grew heavier than females and had heavier organs. No systematic differences in haematological and other physiological parameters were found between the treatments. Catching time was shortest in the SC treatment. The LE treatment compromised animals cleanliness. Based on the intensive positive social interactions and regular shelter use, group housing and access to resting shelters are recommended for juvenile Finnraccoons.

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