Polymeric Nursery Bed Stabilization to Reduce Seed Losses in Forest Nurseries

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
William C. Carlson ◽  
John G. Anthony ◽  
R. P. Plyler
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

Abstract A polymerization treatment using Geotech, a copolymer of acrylate and vinyl acetate monomers, was used to stabilize forest nursery beds to substantially reduce wind and water erosion. Such treatment did not affect either the temperature of the seed zone in the soil or germinant emergence.Seed losses were reduced by the treatment, resulting in increased nursery yield. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):116-119.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Virulence of Pythium Species Obtained from Forest Nursery Soils on Douglas-Fir Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Bryan R. Beck ◽  
Anne Davis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Pythium species are common soilborne oomycetes that occur in forest nursery soils throughout the United States. Numerous species have been described from nursery soils. However, with the exception of P. aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum, little is known about the potential for other Pythium species found in nursery soils to cause damping-off of tree seedlings. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of 44 Pythium isolates representing 16 species that were originally recovered from soil at three forest nurseries in Washington and Oregon. Seeds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were planted into soil infested with each of the isolates. Seedling survival, the number of surviving seedlings with necrotic root lesions, and taproot length were evaluated 4 weeks later. Responses of Douglas-fir to inoculation varied significantly depending on Pythium species and isolate. Eight species (P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. aff. macrosporum, P. mamillatum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) significantly reduced the number of surviving seedlings compared to the noninoculated treatment. However, all Pythium species caused a greater percentage of seedlings to develop root lesions (total mean 40%) than was observed from noninoculated seedlings (17%). Taproot length varied little among Pythium treatments and was not a useful character for evaluating pathogenicity. Results confirm the ability of P. irregulare, P. mamillatum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum to cause damping-off of Douglas-fir seedlings, and are indicative that other species such as P. dissotocum, P. aff. macrosporum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, and P. sylvaticum may also be responsible for seedling loss.

Erosional sand columns in dune sands, Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf A. Gees ◽  
Anil K. Lyall
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Dune Sands ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

Miniature sand columns eroded into crossbedded dune sands are described. Apparently the columns formed after the spring thaw by wind and water erosion.

Quantifying provenance of reservoir sediment using multiple composite fingerprints in an arid region experiencing both wind and water erosion

Geomorphology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baicheng Niu ◽  
Jianjun Qu ◽  
Xunchang (John) Zhang ◽  
Benli Liu ◽  
Lihai Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Reservoir Sediment ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

scholarly journals Technologies and Technical Means for Anti-Erosion Differentiated Soil Treatment System

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 05036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhadir Mirzaev ◽  
Farmon Mamatov ◽  
Ikromjon Avazov ◽  
Sherzod Mardonov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
First Year ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

This paper highlights the necessity of system modification of the main soil slopes processing by developing new technologies of processing eroded soils and technical means to protect a soil from wind and water erosion, reduce processing energy costs, improve moisture accumulation and preservation, and increase the aggregate productivity. An improved differentiated system of slopes soil tilling is proposed, including a crest-stepped ploughing with complete alternation (at 180° within the range of own furrow) and incomplete turnover of the layers and mouldboardless two-tier tilling. During the first year, a crest-stepped ploughing was carried out on slope fields affected by water and wind erosion. Thus, stratum’s subsurface layers are strip loosened. To implement this technology, an improved plough for crest-stepped ploughing developed on the basis of a stepped plough for furrowless smooth tillage is proposed. The rotation was carried out with mould boardless two-tier soil tilling by a ripper with inclined posts. Further, it is recommended to develop and implement combined machines able to simultaneously conduct mould boardless and mouldboard soil tilling, strip subsurface loosening, fertilizer application and other manipulations to prepare soil for sowing and the sowing per one passage of the unit to protect soil from wind and water erosion.

Mineral soil surface crusts and wind and water erosion

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1065-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Singer ◽  
Isaac Shainberg
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

scholarly journals Interactions between wind and water erosion change sediment yield and particle distribution under simulated conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengfeng Tuo ◽  
Mingxiang Xu ◽  
Yunge Zhao ◽  
Liqian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

Water conservation practices for sustainable dryland farming systems in the Pacific Northwest

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hammel
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Wind And Water Erosion

Sustainable crop production in the Pacific Northwest dry-farmed areas relies heavily on tillage and residue management systems to conserve water. Stable, sustainable yields cannot be achieved without adequate water conservation techniques. Frozen soil can reduce infiltration markedly, which decreases overwinter profile water storage and can cause severe soil erosion. Uncurbed evaporation losses throughout the year can greatly limit yields, particularly with summer fallow.In both summer-fallowed and annually cropped regions where soil freezes frequently, fall tillage is used to increase surface macroporosity and to provide open channels to below the frost depth. This enhances infiltration throughout the winter and insures better water intake during rapid snowmelt and rainfall when the soil is frozen. Fall tillage enhances overwinter water recharge under these conditions, whereas in areas where soil freezes infrequently, it does not improve water storage efficiency.In the dry-farmed regions receiving less than 330 mm annual precipitation, a winter wheat-fallow system is used to reduce the risk of uneconomical yields. Successful establishment of winter wheat following summer fallow is feasible only when proper management has suppressed evaporative loss. During the dry summer fallow, tillage is used to develop and maintain a soil mulch that restricts the flow of water, as both liquid and vapor. The tillage mulch effectively conserves stored soil water and maintains adequate seedzone moisture for fall establishment of winter wheat. However, the soil mulch can lead to high wind and water erosion.In the Pacific Northwest dry-farmed region, tillage by itself is not considered a substitute for proper residue management. Crop residues following harvest are important for conserving water and controlling erosion. Under conservation programs implemented since 1985, shallow subsurface tillage systems that maintain residues on the surface have substantially reduced wind and water erosion in the region. Surface residues are effective in decreasing evaporative water loss and trapping snow during the winter, and therefore increase overwinter recharge. While surface residues are much less effective in suppressing evaporative losses in dry-farmed areas during extended dry periods, residues provide substantial control of wind and water erosion during the fallow.Before conservation tillage systems came into use in the Pacific Northwest, water conservation frequently was achieved only through tillage. This helped to stabilize yields, but at a high cost to the soil resource. Poor use of surface residues and intensive tillage contributed to extensive wind and water erosion. Continued use of these practices would have caused yields to decline over time and required greater agrichemical inputs. To meet soil and water conservation needs, site-specific tillage and residue management systems were developed to account for the diversity and variability of soils and climate across the Pacific Northwest. Common to all these production systems is that both water conservation and effective residue management to protect the soil are required for long-term sustainable production.

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