scholarly journals Allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) on lettuce and maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 40972
Author(s):  
Nayara Parisoto Boiago ◽  
Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes ◽  
Daiane Maria Pilatti ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Siberti da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Germination Speed

 This study aimed to analyse the allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry leaves on the germination of lettuce and the initial development of maize. Brazilian cherry leaves were used to prepare a fresh aqueous extract (200 g L-1) and an infused extract (100 g L-1), which were diluted to concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 or 2.0% w/v. The variables evaluated in lettuce were the germination rate (GR), germination time index (GTI), germination speed index (GSI) and root length (RL). To determine the effect on the initial development of maize, we measured the shoot (SL) and root (RL) length. The experimental design included a factorial 2 × 5 design (two extracts and five concentrations), in addition to a control treatment (no extract). In general, the allelopathic bioactivity differed between the fresh and infused extracts. The fresh extract was more phytotoxic for the GR and RL of lettuce. Some beneficial results were observed for the infused extract, including an increase in the RL of lettuce and SL of maize. These effects were dependent on the extract concentration. Thus, there is evidence that Brazilian cherry extracts have allelopathic bioactivity. 

Response of Flamboyant seeds (Delonix regia) subjected to different dormancy overcoming methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
R. R. Rocha ◽  
C. G. B. G. D. Mariussi ◽  
S. N. Silva ◽  
R. Noetzold
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Flamboyant has great ornamental use, because it has beautiful flowers, having a great use in urban afforestation and park ornamentation. The seeds have a low germination rate because they have dormancy caused by the impermeability of the integument. In this sense, the objective was to determine the most efficient method to overcome dormancy in flamboyant seeds. The experimental design was fully randomized with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of: 1-Witness (non-scarified seeds); 2- Hot water at 90º C for 5 minutes; 3- Concentrated sulfuric acid 98% for 60 minutes; 4- Mechanical scarification with sandpaper number 80. The characteristics evaluated were: emergency, emergency speed index, seedling height and root length. A significant difference can be observed in the treatments evaluated only for the emergency speed index where the scarification treatment with sandpaper was higher than the others, for the other characteristics evaluated there was no difference

scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity in vivo of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts From Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) on Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Leite Alves ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Francisco Roberto de Azevedo ◽  
Estelita Pereira Lima ◽  
Renata Rocha Virgulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Extract Concentration

The insecticides properties of Moringa oleifera (moringa) were evaluated in Aedes aegypti larvae, throughout an entirely randomized trial, represented by ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from leaves, flowers, barks, seeds and moringa roots, besides the control group. Five batches of 10 in 3rd stadium larvae were distributed in distilled water, added an extract concentration of 50 mL L-1, and the control treatment (distilled water). The test reading was measured after 24, 48 and 72 hours after larvae exposure, were considered dead those who did not respond to a mechanical stimulation of a clamp. The seed ethanolic extract produced the best performance after 24 hours (34% mortality), but after 48 hours, the flower extract was the more potent (38% mortality). The largest larvicidal activity was observed with the extract concentration of 90 mL L-1. The results indicate that moringa has larvacides properties against Aedes, but its chemical constituents need to be isolated and tested separately to enhance your larvicidal activity.

scholarly journals INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF COFFEE SEEDLINGS IN THE PRESENCE OF PLANT EXTRACTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Bruna Penha Costa ◽  
José Barbosa Duarte Júnior ◽  
Luanna Karoline Rinaldi ◽  
Carlos Augusto Rocha De Moraes Rego ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Agronomic Character ◽  
Best Response

The coffee plant can grow together with different plants, but the presence of allelochemicals can affect the crop post-planting. This study aimed to evaluate the early growth of coffee seedlings following treatment with plant extracts from different botanical families. The experimental design used randomized blocks with four trials, in a 7 × 2 factorial scheme; the first factor consisted of aqueous extracts from six species: canola, crotalaria, brachiaria, sunflower, wheat, and lupine; water was used as the control. The second factor comprised of different botanical parts of the aforementioned six species of plant. The extracts were diluted to 5% concentration and were applied at a dose of 20 mL per plant. The agronomic variables analyzed were plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry matter (LDM), root dry matter (RDM), and root length (RL). Compared to the canola extract, the application of brachiaria extract resulted in the best response in PH, regardless of the botanical part that constituted the extract, leading to an increase in PH by 3.77 cm. The agronomic character most sensitive to the application of aqueous extracts was PH, in which the brachiaria extract was prominent in inducing the greatest growth, whereas the canola extract hindered the initial development of Arabica coffee seedlings.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential and cytostatic activity of Antarctic moss Sanionia georgicouncinata (Amblystegiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
O. Dziuba ◽  
A. Liubinska ◽  
P. Khoyetskyy ◽  
T. Bedernichek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cytostatic Activity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
The Antarctic

From the first half of the XX century, the maritime Antarctic was a region with high regional warming rates. At the beginning of the XXI century, regional warming strongly slowed down, but during the next twenty years the near-surface temperatures and mean annual precipitation at the Antarctic Peninsula will most probably increase. Higher temperatures and precipitation make the conditions in the maritime Antarctic more favourable for plants, including invasive species. Moreover, the increasing number of Antarctic tourists unintentionally transport thousands of seeds to the Antarctic on their clothes and equipment. In such circumstances, it is important to evaluate possible defensive mechanisms of native plant species, including their allelopathic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential and cytostatic activity of Sanionia georgicouncinata. This species is widespread in the maritime Antarctic and is one of the most abundant moss species on the Argentine Islands (Wilhelm Archipelago). Seeds of cucumber Cucumis sativus, radish Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, wheat Triticum vulgare, and amaranth Amaranthus paniculatus were used as bioassay species. Fresh green biomass of S. georgicouncinata was used to prepare aqueous extracts with 1 : 10, 1 : 50, and 1 : 100 plant to water ratios. The average root length of wheat sprouts and cucumber sprouts in distilled water did not differ significantly from those in plant extracts. The root length of radish sprouts in 1 : 50 plant extract was significantly shorter than in distilled water. Meanwhile, in 1 : 50 and 1 : 100 water extracts, roots of amaranth plants were significantly longer than in water. The number of lateral roots of cucumber sprouts in water and studied aqueous extracts varied from 1 to 6 with medians from 3 to 4. The medians of control (distilled water) and sample groups (aqueous extracts) did not differ significantly, but only 38.1 ± 6.1% of cucumber sprouts developed lateral roots in the 1 : 10 aqueous extract of S. georgicouncinata, and even less – 28.3 ± 7.5% in the 1 : 50 aqueous extract. The results of this study show that the allelopathic potential of S. georgicouncinata is low. However, a significant cytostatic activity of the studied extracts shows that this species may still affect other plants and animals. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of the studied extracts on root growth and germination of the invasive plants, particularly Poa annua.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of exotic species on the physiological potential of crambe seeds (Crambe abyssinica Hochs)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Silvana Fraga Silva ◽  
Halina Stéffany Lopes Costa ◽  
Jesimiel Silva Viana ◽  
Sebastião Medeiros Filho
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Cultivated Species

Biological invasions of exotic plants can seriously contribute to ecological imbalances within areas to which they have been introduced, affecting, in addition to native plants, cultivated species. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to evaluate effects of allelopathic extracts of three exotic species on the physiological quality of crambe seeds. Aqueous extracts of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC (algaroba) were formulated; Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Nim) and Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne (viuvinha) at 20% (200 g of dried leaves per liter of distilled water) placed in B.O.D at 25 ° C for 24 h. Petri dishes, lined with germitest paper sheets, were moistened with aqueous extracts at 2,5 times de paper weight. In the experimental trial, we used the completely randomized, with four treatments (three extracts + control treatment) and four replicates of 25 seeds. The first and second germination counts were evaluated in the fourth and tenth days respectively; germination rate index (GRI), allelopathic effect index (AEI), seedling length and dry mass. P. juliflora and C. madagascariensis reduced germination by 84 and 91%, respectively, in the first count. The GRI was affected by the three species, while the AEI showed greater allelopathy for C. madagascariensis, reaching -0.90. Seedlings lengths were reduced in the presence of P. juliflora and C. madagascariensis. For crambe seeds, all extracts negatively affected their physiological potential.

scholarly journals Seeds of Carthamus Tinctorius Submitted to Hydration: Morphological Aspects and Emergence

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Claudia Borgmann ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Bruna de Villa ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Shoot Mass

The present study aimed to evaluate the initial development of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius) after different periods of seed hydration. For the study two experiments were evaluated. At first, an experiment was performed with 0, 24, 48, 72, 168 and 360 hours of seed hydration, and in the second moment, another with 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours of hydration. The experimental design for the two experiments was completely randomized, with four replicates and six treatments. After 30 days of conduction of the experiments were analyzed the percentage of emergency, index of emergency speed, average time of emergency and average speed of emergency. The evaluated morphological characteristics were plant height, stem diameter, root length, fresh shoot and root mass and dry shoot mass. Hydration of seeds in considerable proportions positively influences the emergence and development of safflower plants. The highest performance in the emergence of plants, size, accumulation of fresh and dry shoot mass and fresh root mass was obtained by the IAPAR genotype, which stood out in relation to the other. The greatest emergencies were obtained with seeds with 36 hours of hydration, and the lowest emergence was found after 72 hours under hydration.

scholarly journals Germination and initial development of forest species under the action of catechin, presents in seeds of Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. (Fabaceae)

Hoehnea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Lygia El Id ◽  
Márcia Regina Braga ◽  
Nelson Augusto dos Santos Junior
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Sesbania Virgata ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

ABSTRACT Sesbania virgata is a shrub that occurs in riparian forests, especially in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. It is considered superdominant due to its rapid growth and high soil cover. Its seeds release allelochemicals during imbibition, affecting the germination and initial growth of other species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of compounds found in S. virgata seeds on co-occurrent species from different successional stages. The species were co-germinated with S. virgata seeds and irrigated with S. virgata integument extracts, in laboratory, greenhouse, and field. The germination rate, germination speed, germination speed index, and seedling growth of the species were evaluated. Phytochemicals released by S. virgata seeds were not able to inhibit the germination of the co-occurrent forest species in field, but significantly reduced their initial growth. The results suggest that resistance to allelochemicals is not linked to the successional stage of a species but is determined by specific characteristics that guarantee the ability to tolerate the phytotoxins released by the seeds of S. virgata. In addition, the results also suggest that catechin and other compounds found in seeds may be responsible for the inhibitory potential of S. virgata plants.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of Bidens sulphurea L. aqueous extracts on lettuce development

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.T.A. CRUZ-SILVA ◽  
E.G.C. NASU ◽  
F.P. PACHECO ◽  
L.H.P. NOBREGA
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Allelochemical compounds are present in tissues of different plants` parts and also in other organisms, being released into the environment and thus affecting plants development. There is evidence that secondary metabolites produced by weeds may exhibit several allelopathic effects. This study aimed to evaluate allelopathic activity based on the interaction of aqueous extracts preparations and their concentrations obtained from Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch. Bip. leaves on germination and seedlings development of Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand rapids (lettuce). The extracts were obtained from fresh leaves and prepared by infusion, decoction, leaching and grinding methods, at concentrations of 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30%, with four replications with 25 lettuce seeds. Seven days after the percentages of abnormal seedlings and germination, shoot and root length (cm) were evaluated, while germination speed index (GSI) was daily determined and calculated. The experiment was completely randomized in a 4x5 factorial design, with four extract preparation methods and 5 concentrations. It was found out that the B. sulphurea aqueous extracts did not affect the germination and abnormal seedling development percentages in lettuce seeds. The aqueous extracts and their concentrations showed allelopathic effect for GSI, shoot and root length variables, despite their methods of preparation. This effect is not only inhibitory, but in some cases it was also stimulatory.

scholarly journals Bioatividade dos extratos aquosos de folhas de pimenta malagueta e eucalipto sobre Zabrotes subfasciatus em grãos de fava

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Aline Amanda Sampaio ◽  
Lúcia da Silva Fontes ◽  
Douglas Rafael e Silva Barbosa ◽  
Vânia Maria Gomes da Costa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Zabrotes Subfasciatus ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Fava Beans

<p>Os extratos vegetais atualmente representam uma alternativa importante no controle de insetos-praga. Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar os efeitos de extratos aquosos de folhas de pimenta malagueta (<em>Capsicum frutescens</em>) e eucalipto (<em>Eucalyptus </em>sp.) sobre <em>Zabrotes subfasciatus </em>em fava. Foram realizados dois bioensaios no laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências da Natureza da Universidade Federal do Piauí, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, totalizando cinco tratamentos [0% (testemunha), 30%, 60%, 80% e 100 %], cada um com quatro repetições, onde os parâmetros, número de insetos mortos, número de ovos e emergência de adultos foram avaliados. O extrato aquoso de folhas de pimenta malagueta não foi eficiente contra o caruncho <em>Z. subfasciatus</em>, pois, houve mortalidade média de 20% dos insetos nas concentrações de 80 e 100%, e com o aumento da concentração teve-se um estímulo a oviposição e emergência destes. O extrato aquoso de folhas de <em>Eucalyptus</em> sp. foi eficiente sobre a mortalidade, oviposição e emergência de <em>Z. subfasciatus</em>, com o aumento da concentração observou-se maior mortalidade, atingindo 40% dos indivíduos; redução da oviposição, 13% em relação a testemunha e as demais concentrações, e emergência dos besouros.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Bioactivity of the aqueous extracts of chilli pepper and eucalyptus leaves on Zabrotes subfasciatus in fava beans</em></strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The plant extracts currently represent an important alternative in the control of insect pests. The objective of this paper was to analyze the effects of aqueous extracts of leaves of chilli pepper (<em>Capsicum frutescens</em>) and eucalyptus (<em>Eucalyptus</em> sp.) on <em>Zabrotes subfasciatus</em> in fava. Two bioassays were performed in the entomology laboratory, Department of Biology, Nature Sciences Center of the Federal University of Piauí, in a completely randomized experimental design, totaling five treatments [(0% (control), 30%, 60%, 80% and 100%], each one with four replicates, where the parameters, number of dead insects, number of eggs and emergence of adults were evaluated. The aqueous extract of leaves of chilli pepper was not efficient against the weevil <em>Z. subfasciatus</em>, because, there was an average mortality of 20% of the insects in the concentrations of 80 and 100%, and with the increase of the concentration there was a stimulus to oviposition and emergence. The aqueous extract of leaves of <em>Eucalyptus</em> sp. was efficient on the mortality, oviposition and emergence of <em>Z. subfasciatus</em>, with the increase in concentration, a higher mortality was observed, reaching 40% of the individuals; reduction of oviposition, 13% in relation to control and other concentrations, and emergence of beetles.</p>

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) Aqueous Extracts on Germination on Selected Crop Species.

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Parreno J ◽  
Cempron B ◽  
Bucog N ◽  
Pepito M ◽  
Zamora C
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Castor Plant ◽  
Germination Value

Weeds in agricultural system are becoming problem nowadays in which it reduces yield of many crops. Synthetic herbicides are usually used to control weed growth. Meanwhile, using herbicides creates hazardous impacts on agricultural products and also increases environmental pollution. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the allelopahatic potential of Castor plant (fresh leaves, dry leaves, seeds) aqueous extracts on germination rate, germination value indices and root growth on selected crop species. The inhibitory effects of allelochemicals might be used against weeds as a controlling tool for decreasing weed emergence in field conditions. The study consists of 4 treatments replicated 5 times within 7 days. Germination rate, germination value indices and root length were collected in the 7th day of the experiment. Data gathered were analyzed using one way ANOVA and tukey HSD for comparison. Based on the results, it shows that fresh leaves and seed aqueous extract had an allopathic effect on the seed germination and germination value of Zea mays L. and Solanum lycopersicum. In terms of root length inhibition, all treatments had an inhibition effect on the selected crop species. The result showed great potential for the natural herbicide from the determined parts of identified plant

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