scholarly journals A Novel Small Molecule, 1,3-di-m-tolyl-urea, Inhibits and Disrupts Multispecies Oral Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Shanthini Kalimuthu ◽  
Becky P.K. Cheung ◽  
Joyce Y.Y. Yau ◽  
Karthi Shanmugam ◽  
Adline Princy Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Host System ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

An imbalance of homeostasis between the microbial communities and the host system leads to dysbiosis in oral micro flora. DMTU (1,3-di-m-tolyl-urea) is a biocompatible compound that was shown to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm by inhibiting its communication system (quorum sensing). Here, we hypothesized that DMTU is able to inhibit multispecies biofilms. We developed a multispecies oral biofilm model, comprising an early colonizer Streptococcus gordonii, a bridge colonizer Fusobacterium nucleatum, and late colonizers Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We performed comprehensive investigations to demonstrate the effect of DMTU on planktonic cells and biofilms. Our findings showed that DMTU inhibits and disrupts multispecies biofilms without bactericidal effects. Mechanistic studies revealed a significant down regulation of biofilm and virulence-related genes in P. gingivalis. Taken together, our study highlights the potential of DMTU to inhibit polymicrobial biofilm communities and their virulence.

scholarly journals A Novel Small Molecule, 1,3-di-m-tolyl-urea, Inhibits and Disrupts Multispecies Oral Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthini Kalimuthu ◽  
Becky P.K Cheung ◽  
Joyce Y.Y Yau ◽  
Karthi Shanmugam ◽  
Adline Princy Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Host System ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

Imbalance of homeostasis between the microbial communities and the host system leads to dysbiosis in oral micro flora. DMTU (1,3-di-m-tolyl-urea), is a biocompatible compound that was shown to inhibit Streptococcus mutansbiofilms by inhibiting its communication system (quorum sensing). Here, we hypothesized that DMTU is able to inhibit multispecies biofilms. We developed a multispecies oral biofilm model comprising an early colonizer Streptococcus gordonii, a bridge colonizer Fusobacterium nucleatum, and late colonizers Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We performed comprehensive investigations to demonstrate the effect of DMTU on planktonic cells and biofilms. Our findings showed that DMTU inhibits and disrupts multispecies biofilms without bactericidal effects. Mechanistic studies revealed significant down regulation of biofilm and virulence related genes in P. gingivalis. Taken together, our study highlights the potential of DMTU to inhibit polymicrobial biofilm communities and their virulence.

scholarly journals Identification and localization of proteins associated with the formation of Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
pablo alejandro A Millones-Gómez ◽  
Reyma Evelyn Bacilio-Amaranto ◽  
Dora Maurtua Torres ◽  
Patricia Sheen Cortavarría ◽  
Yudith Cauna Orocollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Cytoplasmic Fraction ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Essential Proteins ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms ◽  
Biofilm Community

Abstract Background:To successfully colonize the oral cavity, bacteria must adhere directly or indirectly to the oral surfaces available. Fusobacterium nucleatum plays an important role in the development of the oral biofilm community due to its broad adhesion capabilities, serving as a bridge between the members of the oral biofilm community that cannot be directly joined together. The purpose of this study was to identify and localize the proteins associated with the formation of biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii and F. nucleatum. Methods: Multispecies biofilms were identified by amplification of the srtA and radD genes by real-time PCR. Biofilm cells cultured with sucrose were counted. The protein concentrations in the membrane and cytoplasmic fractions were quantified by western blot. Results: The proteins HSP40 and GAPDH were detected in the cytoplasmic fraction of biofilm and F. nucleatum, respectively. The available anti-GAPDH antibody is specific for GAPDH produced by F. nucleatum, which indicated the coaggregation of F. nucleatum on S. gordonii. Conclusions: HSP40 was only detected in the cytoplasmic fraction of the biofilms, making it one of the essential proteins for adherence. This complex set of interactions could have critical implications for the formation and maturation of oral biofilms in vivo and could provide clues to the mechanism behind the distribution of organisms within the human oral cavity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion against multi-species oral biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeo-Jin Jeong ◽  
Hee-Eun Kim ◽  
Su-Jin Han ◽  
Jun-Seon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Cinnamon Essential Oil ◽  
Cocamidopropyl Betaine ◽  
Bovine Enamel

AbstractCinnamon essential oil (CEO) has antibacterial properties, but its ability to suppress the formation of multi-species oral biofilms has not been fully elucidated. This study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion (CEON) against oral biofilms formed using a microcosm biofilm model. The biofilms were formed on bovine enamel specimens over a 7-day period, during which all specimens were treated with one of three solutions: 5% CEON (n = 35), 0.5% cocamidopropyl betaine (n = 35), or 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX; n = 35). Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were determined by the red/green ratios (R/G values) of 7-day-old mature biofilms photographed with quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital, the number of aciduric bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) within each biofilm, and the absorbance of bacterial suspensions. One-way and repeated-measures analysis of variance were performed to compare differences among the three solutions. R/G values were lowest in the 0.12% CHX group, but not significantly differ from the 5% CEON group. The number of CFUs and absorbance were lowest in the 5% CEON group. This study showed that nanoemulsified CEO inhibited the maturation of multi-species oral biofilms and the growth of oral microorganisms in biofilms, including aciduric bacteria that cause dental caries.

scholarly journals Acid tolerance in early colonizers of oral biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Boisen ◽  
Julia R. Davies ◽  
Jessica Neilands
Keyword(s):  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Tolerance Development ◽  
Salivary Pellicle ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Acid Tolerant

Abstract Background In caries, low pH drives selection and enrichment of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria in oral biofilms, and development of acid tolerance in early colonizers is thought to play a key role in this shift. Since previous studies have focussed on planktonic cells, the effect of biofilm growth as well as the role of a salivary pellicle on this process is largely unknown. We explored acid tolerance and acid tolerance response (ATR) induction in biofilm cells of both clinical and laboratory strains of three oral streptococcal species (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mutans) as well as two oral species of Actinomyces (A. naeslundii and A. odontolyticus) and examined the role of salivary proteins in acid tolerance development. Methods Biofilms were formed on surfaces in Ibidi® mini flow cells with or without a coating of salivary proteins and acid tolerance assessed by exposing them to a challenge known to kill non-acid tolerant cells (pH 3.5 for 30 min) followed by staining with LIVE/DEAD BacLight and confocal scanning laser microscopy. The ability to induce an ATR was assessed by exposing the biofilms to an adaptation pH (pH 5.5) for 2 hours prior to the low pH challenge. Results Biofilm formation significantly increased acid tolerance in all the clinical streptococcal strains (P < 0.05) whereas the laboratory strains varied in their response. In biofilms, S. oralis was much more acid tolerant than S. gordonii or S. mutans. A. naeslundii showed a significant increase in acid tolerance in biofilms compared to planktonic cells (P < 0.001) which was not seen for A. odontolyticus. All strains except S. oralis induced an ATR after pre-exposure to pH 5.5 (P < 0.05). The presence of a salivary pellicle enhanced both acid tolerance development and ATR induction in S. gordonii biofilms (P < 0.05) but did not affect the other bacteria to the same extent. Conclusions These findings suggest that factors such as surface contact, the presence of a salivary pellicle and sensing of environmental pH can contribute to the development of high levels of acid tolerance amongst early colonizers in oral biofilms which may be important in the initiation of caries.

scholarly journals MODERN SUBMISSION OF FORMATION, COMPOSITION AND ROLE OF ORAL (DENTAL) BIOFILM IN DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1761-1764
Author(s):  
Maria O. Stetsyk ◽  
Andriy O. Stetsyk ◽  
Natalia I. Zhero ◽  
Eugene Y. Kostenko ◽  
Svetlana B. Kostenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Depth Study

The aim: To investigate current trends in the study of oral biofilm and its control. Materials and methods: A research of 32 literature sources has been made and it has been taken into account that some terminological differences in determining objects of study. Conclusions: Detailed analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature argues the necessity of further in-depth study of oral biofilms. Understanding the ethiological factors and mechanisms of the pathogenesis periodontal tissues inflammatory diseases gives the opportunity to treat targetly by destroying complicated sections of the vital activities and oral biofilm microorganisms relationships.

scholarly journals High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Low-pH-ActiveVeillonella parvulaStrain SHI-1, Isolated from Human Saliva within anIn VitroOral Biofilm Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Edlund ◽  
Quanhui Liu ◽  
Michael Watling ◽  
Thao T. To ◽  
Roger E. Bumgarner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Biofilm Model

We announce here a draft genome sequence ofVeillonella parvulastrain SHI-1, obtained from healthy human saliva, discovered to be active at low pH using metatranscriptomics within anin vitrooral biofilm model. The genome is composed of 7 contigs, for a total of 2,200,064 bp.

scholarly journals Mouthwash Effects on LGG-Integrated Experimental Oral Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Qingru Jiang ◽  
Veera Kainulainen ◽  
Iva Stamatova ◽  
Sok-Ja Janket ◽  
Jukka H. Meurman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Amine Fluoride ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

In order to investigate the effects of mouthwashes on oral biofilms with probiotics, we compared in biofilms the susceptibility to mouthwashes of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and oral pathogens Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Candida albicans. We also evaluated these pathogens’ susceptibility to the mouthwashes and their recovery after mouthwash-rinsing in biofilms with/without LGG. First, 1-day-/3-day-old LGG-integrated multi-species biofilms were exposed for 1 min to mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine, essential oils, or amine fluoride/stannous fluoride. Cells were plate-counted and relative survival rates (RSRs) of LGG and pathogens calculated. Second, 1-day-/3-day-old multispecies biofilms with and without LGG were exposed for 1 min to mouthwashes; cells were plate-counted and the pathogens’ RSRs were calculated. Third, 1-day-old biofilms were treated for 1 min with mouthwashes. Cells were plate-counted immediately and after 2-day cultivation. Recovery rates of pathogens were calculated and compared between biofilms with/without LGG. Live/Dead® staining served for structural analyses. Our results showed that RSRs of LGG were insignificantly smaller than those of pathogens in both 1-day and 3-day biofilms. No significant differences appeared in pathogens’ RSRs and recovery rates after treatment between biofilms with/without LGG. To conclude, biofilm LGG was susceptible to the mouthwashes; but biofilm LGG altered neither the mouthwash effects on oral pathogens nor affected their recovery.

Streptococci Dominate the Diverse Flora within Buccal Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Rudney ◽  
R. Chen ◽  
G. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Granulicatella Adiacens ◽  
Species Specific

Previously, we reported that intracellular Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythensis were present within buccal epithelial cells from human subjects, as lesser components of a polymicrobial flora. In this study, we further characterized that intracellular flora by using the same double-labeling techniques to identify Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, oral Campylobacter species, Eikenella corrodens, Treponema denticola, Gemella haemolysans, Granulicatella adiacens, and total streptococci within buccal epithelial cells. All those species were found within buccal cells. In every case, species recognized by green-labeled species-specific probes were accompanied by other bacteria recognized only by a red-labeled universal probe. Streptococci appeared to be a major component of the polymicrobial intracellular flora, being present at a level from one to two logs greater than the next most common species ( G. adiacens). This is similar to what is observed in oral biofilms, where diverse species interact in complex communities that often are dominated by streptococci.

scholarly journals Development and pyrosequencing analysis of an in-vitro oral biofilm model

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O Kistler ◽  
Manuel Pesaro ◽  
William G Wade
Keyword(s):  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Pyrosequencing Analysis
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