scholarly journals Atypical Membrane-Anchored Cytokine MIF in a Marine Dinoflagellate

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
Maëlle Jaouannet ◽  
Anne-Sophie Pavaux ◽  
Sophie Pagnotta ◽  
Olivier Pierre ◽  
Claire Michelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Macrophage Migration ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Marine Dinoflagellate ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Planktonic Communities

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factors (MIF) are pivotal cytokines/chemokines for vertebrate immune systems. MIFs are typically soluble single-domain proteins that are conserved across plant, fungal, protist, and metazoan kingdoms, but their functions have not been determined in most phylogenetic groups. Here, we describe an atypical multidomain MIF protein. The marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra produces a transmembrane protein with an extra-cytoplasmic MIF domain, which localizes to cell-wall-associated membranes and vesicular bodies. This protein is also present in the membranes of extracellular vesicles accumulating at the secretory pores of the cells. Upon exposure to biotic stress, L. polyedra exhibits reduced expression of the MIF gene and reduced abundance of the surface-associated protein. The presence of LpMIF in the membranes of secreted extracellular vesicles evokes the fascinating possibility that LpMIF may participate in intercellular communication and/or interactions between free-living organisms in multispecies planktonic communities.

scholarly journals Genome evolution of a non-parasitic secondary heterotroph, the diatom Nitzschia putrida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoma Kamikawa ◽  
Takako Mochizuki ◽  
Mika Sakamoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanizawa ◽  
Takuro Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Evolutionary Consequence ◽  
Rapid Divergence ◽  
Parasitic Lifestyle ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Conserved Gene ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Horizontal Acquisition

AbstractSecondary loss of photosynthesis is observed across almost all plastid-bearing branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genome-based insights into the transition from a phototroph into a secondary heterotroph have so far only been revealed for parasitic species. Free-living organisms can yield unique insights into the evolutionary consequence of the loss of photosynthesis, as the parasitic lifestyle requires specific adaptations to host environments. Here we report on the diploid genome of the free-living diatom Nitzschia putrida (35 Mbp), a non-photosynthetic osmotroph whose photosynthetic relatives contribute ca. 40% of net oceanic primary production. Comparative analyses with photosynthetic diatoms revealed that a combination of genes loss, the horizontal acquisition of genes involved in organic carbon degradation, a unique secretome and the rapid divergence of conserved gene families involved in cell wall and extracellular metabolism appear to have facilitated the lifestyle of a non-parasitic, free-living secondary heterotroph.

scholarly journals An open‐source sensor‐logger for recording vertical movement in free‐living organisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ryan Shipley ◽  
Julian Kapoor ◽  
Richard A. Dreelin ◽  
David W. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Living Organisms

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles secreted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved in cell wall remodelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kening Zhao ◽  
Mark Bleackley ◽  
David Chisanga ◽  
Lahiru Gangoda ◽  
Pamali Fonseka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles

scholarly journals Effect of Nanoparticles Surface Charge on the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Roots Development and Their Movement into the Root Cells and Protoplasts

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Milewska-Hendel ◽  
Maciej Zubko ◽  
Danuta Stróż ◽  
Ewa Kurczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Plant Body ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Positively Charged

Increasing usage of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in different industrial areas inevitably leads to their release into the environment. Thus, living organisms, including plants, may be exposed to a direct contact with nanoparticles (NPs). Despite the growing amount of research on this topic, our knowledge about NPs uptake by plants and their influence on different developmental processes is still insufficient. The first physical barrier for NPs penetration to the plant body is a cell wall which protects cytoplasm from external factors and environmental stresses. The absence of a cell wall may facilitate the internalization of various particles including NPs. Our studies have shown that AuNPs, independently of their surface charge, did not cross the cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) roots. However, the research carried out with using light and transmission electron microscope revealed that AuNPs with different surface charge caused diverse changes in the root’s histology and ultrastructure. Therefore, we verified whether this is only the wall which protects cells against particles penetration and for this purpose we used protoplasts culture. It has been shown that plasma membrane (PM) is not a barrier for positively charged (+) AuNPs and negatively charged (−) AuNPs, which passage to the cell.

Characterization of a highly resistant biomacromolecular material in the cell wall of a marine dinoflagellate resting cyst

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Kokinos ◽  
Timothy I Eglinton ◽  
Miguel A Goñi ◽  
Jaap J Boon ◽  
Pamela A Martoglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Marine Dinoflagellate ◽  
Resting Cyst

A survey on bioconcentration capacities of some marine parasitic and free-living organisms in the Gulf of Oman

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Golestaninasab ◽  
M. Malek ◽  
A. Roohi ◽  
A.R. Karbassi ◽  
E. Amoozadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Gulf Of Oman ◽  
Living Organisms

The role of multiple stressors in ranavirus-caused amphibian mortalities in Acadia National Park wetlands

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Gahl ◽  
A.J.K. Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Acadia National Park ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Components Analysis

Recent studies suggest that multiple sublethal stressors compromise amphibian immune systems and increase susceptibility to disease. We examined two aspects of multiple stressors and incidence of ranavirus-caused amphibian mortalities in free-living amphibian populations: (1) among-pond differences in physical, chemical, and biological stressors that may exacerbate mortality events, and (2) temporal changes in within-pond stressors that coincide with mortality events. At the among-pond scale, we used principal components analysis and logistic regression followed by Akaike’s information criterion (QAICc) to identify stressors associated with disease incidence. Of the stressors we investigated, aluminum, temperature, and conductivity were most correlated with outbreaks, but it was unclear whether they increased ranavirus-caused mortality events. Sublethal stressors were difficult to isolate in the field and few were significantly associated with ranavirus across all breeding ponds. Our results suggest that each wetland, because of varied physical, biological, and chemical settings, will have its own suite of stressors that sublethally affect amphibians.

Initial stages of cell wall formation in the dinoflagellate Peridinium trochoideum

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Kalley ◽  
Thana Bisalputra
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Marine Dinoflagellate ◽  
Interphase Cells

The formation of the cell wall in the marine dinoflagellate Peridinium trochoideum was studied using light and electron microscopy. In mature, interphase cells, densely staining inclusions termed ‘prothecal bodies’ were found distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Before ecdysis each amorphous prothecal body developed into many vesicles, each of which contained fibrous material in an electron-transparent matrix. The vast number of vesicles so formed may have increased the cell's osmotic pressure enough to initiate ecdysis. At ecdysis the thecal plates and overlying membranes were lost and a new wall was formed by deposition of intact prothecal vesicles at the protoplast surface. The newly formed wall was continuous over the protoplast and no plates existed as such

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document