The Microbiota Profile in Inflamed and Non-Inflamed Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis

The objective was to determine the bacterial composition in inflamed and non-inflamed pouches for comparison to the microbiota of healthy individuals. Pouch patients and healthy individuals were included between November 2017 and June 2019 at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark. A faecal sample was collected from all participants for microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Overall, 38 participants were included in the study. Eleven patients with a normally functioning pouch, 9 patients with chronic pouchitis, 6 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, and 12 healthy individuals. Patients with chronic pouchitis had overall lower microbial diversity and richness compared to patients with a normal pouch function (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009) and healthy individuals (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and chronic pouchitis (microbial diversity p = 0.39 and richness p = 0.78). Several taxa from the family Enterobacteriaceae, especially genus Escherichia, were associated primarily with patients with chronic pouchitis, while taxa from the genus Bacteroides primarily were associated with healthy individuals and patients with a normally functioning pouch. Finally, a microbial composition gradient could be established from healthy individuals through patients with normal pouch function and familial adenomatous polyposis to patients with chronic pouchitis.

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Characterizing the Skin and Gut Microbiome of Alopecia Areata Patients

SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine ◽

10.25251/skin.4.1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Margit Juhasz ◽

Siwei Chen ◽

Arash Khosrovi-Eghbal ◽

Chloe Ekelem ◽

Yessica Landaverde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alopecia Areata ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Future Directions ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Autoimmune Attack ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Control Study

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is caused by autoimmune attack of the hair follicle. The exact pathogenesis is unknown, but hypotheses include innate immunity imbalance, environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, and possibly the microbiome. The objective of this study was to characterize the skin and gut microbiome of AA patients, and compare microbial composition to healthy individuals. Methods: This was a pilot, case-control study. Scalp and fecal microbiome samples were collected from 25 AA patients, and 25 age, gender, and race-matched healthy controls in Southern California with no significant difference in demographic characteristics. After library preparation and identification of bacterial and fungal taxonomy, multivariant analysis was performed to compare AA and healthy microbiomes. Results: The AA scalp microbiome was significant for decreased Clostridia and Malasseziomycetes, and the gut microbiome was significant for decreased Bacteroidia and increased Bacilli (p<0.05) compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: The composition of the AA bacterial and fungal, scalp and gut microbiome is significantly different than healthy individuals. Future directions include using this data to characterize microbial changes associated with AA patient diet, relating to disease severity, and predicting disease progression, prognosis and/or therapeutic response.

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S0266 Sulindac and Eflornithine Combination Delays the Need for Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: CPP FAP-310 Trial

The American Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.14309/01.ajg.0000703112.43206.46 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. S129-S129

Author(s):

Francesc Balaguer ◽

Elena Stoffel ◽

Carol A. Burke ◽

Evelien Dekker ◽

Patrick Lynch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis ◽

Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽

Adenomatous Polyposis

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Stability of healthy subgingival microbiome across space and time

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-03479-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ryan Tamashiro ◽

Leah Strange ◽

Kristin Schnackenberg ◽

Janelle Santos ◽

Hana Gadalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Space And Time ◽

Longitudinal Sampling ◽

Longitudinal Variability ◽

Over Time

AbstractThe subgingival microbiome is one of the most stable microbial ecosystems in the human body. Alterations in the subgingival microbiome have been associated with periodontal disease, but their variations over time and between different subgingival sites in periodontally healthy individuals have not been well described. We performed extensive, longitudinal sampling of the subgingival microbiome from five periodontally healthy individuals to define baseline spatial and temporal variations. A total of 251 subgingival samples from 5 subjects were collected over 6–12 months and deep sequenced. The overall microbial diversity and composition differed significantly between individuals. Within each individual, we observed considerable differences in microbiome composition between different subgingival sites. However, for a given site, the microbiome was remarkably stable over time, and this stability was associated with increased microbial diversity but was inversely correlated with the enrichment of putative periodontal pathogens. In contrast to microbiome composition, the predicted functional metagenome was similar across space and time, suggesting that periodontal health is associated with shared gene functions encoded by different microbiome consortia that are individualized. To our knowledge, this is one of the most detailed longitudinal analysis of the healthy subgingival microbiome to date that examined the longitudinal variability of different subgingival sites within individuals. These results suggest that a single measurement of the healthy subgingival microbiome at a given site can provide long term information of the microbial composition and functional potential, but sampling of each site is necessary to define the composition and community structure at individual subgingival sites.

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Restorative Proctocolectomy in UK Servicemen

Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service ◽

10.1136/jrnms-87-154 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 154-157

Author(s):

R J Guy ◽

S Blake ◽

N P J Cripps

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis ◽

Service Life ◽

Restorative Proctocolectomy ◽

Telephone Interview ◽

Adenomatous Polyposis ◽

Royal Navy ◽

Pouch Function ◽

Medical Category

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the outcome of restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) in UK Servicemen and to determine the compatibility of this procedure with Service life.PatientsAll Servicemen undergoing restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC) or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) up to December 31st 2000 were identified from Service records. Patients were reviewed by direct or telephone interview. Pouch function, military duties, medical category or reasons for discharge from the Service were recorded. Results: Fifteen Servicemen (6 Royal Navy, 6 Army, 3 RAF), mean age 30 years, underwent RPC for UC (14) or FAP (1) with a median follow-up of 74 months. Eight remain in their Service, five of whom carry out full duties and three restricted duties. Of the seven who have left the Services only one was medically unfit to continue due to poor pouch function whilst six left voluntarily to pursue active civilian careers. Fourteen patients have acceptable pouch function; one pouch has been excised for intractable pouchitis.ConclusionsRestorative proctocolectomy is compatible with Service life and most individuals are capable of fulfilling active unrestricted military duties.

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Trabecular and cortical mandibular bone investigation in familial adenomatous polyposis patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88513-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Camila Pacheco-Pereira ◽

Yuri Silvestre-Barbosa ◽

Fabiana T. Almeida ◽

Hassem Geha ◽

Andre F. Leite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Mental Foramen ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Adenomatous Polyposis ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Bone Abnormalities

AbstractMandibular cortical and trabecular bone abnormalities in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) were evaluated using dental panoramic radiographs (DPR) radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension (FD). Sixty DPRs from 15 FAP patients and 45 healthy controls were evaluated. FAP group was composed of 33.3% females and 66.6% males, agemean = 37.2 years (SD 15.79). The non-FAP group was paired by gender and sex. The parameters analyzed were: FD of the trabecular bone in four regions of interest (ROI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and width (MCW). FD values were lower for the FAP group. Statistically significance differences were shown by ROI 2 and 3 anteriorly to the mental foramen bilaterally, p = 0.001, and p = 0.006. The ROI 1 and 4, at the mandibular angle trabeculae, indicated statistical significances on the right side (p = 0.036) and no differences on the left side (p = 0.091). There was no significant difference in MCI and MCW when the groups were compared, MCW (L) p = 0.247, and MCW (R) p = 0.070. Fractal values of FAP patients' mandibular trabecular bone were lower than healthy controls. The radiomorphometric indices MCI and MCW were not useful for analyzing the cortical bone pattern. Therefore, FD is a promising tool for detection of abnormal bone structure in DPRs and for supporting the appropriate referral of FAP patients.

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Colectomy and desmoid tumours in familial adenomatous polyposis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Familial Cancer ◽

10.1007/s10689-022-00288-y ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Arthur S. Aelvoet ◽

Daphne Struik ◽

Barbara A. J. Bastiaansen ◽

Willem A. Bemelman ◽

Roel Hompes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis ◽

Laparoscopic Colectomy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Surgical Trauma ◽

Adenomatous Polyposis ◽

Desmoid Tumours ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Open Versus

Abstract Desmoid tumours (DT) are one of the main causes of death in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Surgical trauma is a risk factor for DT, yet a colectomy is inevitable in FAP to prevent colorectal cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the available evidence on DT risk related to type, approach and timing of colectomy. A search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Studies were considered eligible when DT incidence was reported after different types, approaches and timing of colectomy. Twenty studies including 6452 FAP patients were selected, all observational. No significant difference in DT incidence was observed after IRA versus IPAA (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.69–1.42) and after open versus laparoscopic colectomy (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.42–1.86). Conflicting DT incidences were seen after early versus late colectomy and when analysing open versus laparoscopic colectomy according to colectomy type. Three studies reported a (non-significantly) higher DT incidence after laparoscopic IPAA compared to laparoscopic IRA, with OR varying between 1.77 and 4.09. A significantly higher DT incidence was observed in patients with a history of abdominal surgery (OR 3.40, 95% CI 1.64–7.03, p = 0.001). Current literature does not allow to state firmly whether type, approach, or timing of colectomy affects DT risk in FAP patients. Fewer DT were observed after laparoscopic IRA compared to laparoscopic IPAA, suggesting laparoscopic IRA as the preferred choice if appropriate considering rectal polyp burden. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020161424.

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