scholarly journals Potentiality of Native Ascomycete Strains in Bioremediation of Highly Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contaminated Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Joaquim Germain ◽  
Muriel Raveton ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Binet ◽  
Bello Mouhamadou
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Pcb Biodegradation

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organic pollutants that are harmful to environment and toxic to humans. Numerous studies, based on basidiomycete strains, have reported unsatisfactory results in the mycoremediation of PCB-contaminated soils mainly due to the non-telluric origin of these strains. The abilities of a five-Ascomycete-strain consortium in the mycoremediation of PCB-polluted soils and its performance to restore their sound functioning were investigated using mesocosm experiments associated with chromatography gas analysis and enzymatic activity assays. With the soil H containing 850 ppm PCB from which the strains had been isolated, a significant PCB depletion of 29% after three months of treatment was obtained. This led to an important decrease of PCBs from 850 to 604 ppm. With the soil L containing 36 ppm PCB, biodegradation did not occur. In both soils, the fungal biomass quantified by the ergosterol assay, did not increase at the end of the treatment. Biodegradation evidenced in the soil H resulted in a significantly improved stoichiometry of N and P acquiring enzymatic activities. This unprecedented study demonstrates that the native Ascomycetes display remarkable properties for remediation and restoration of functioning of the soil they originated from paving the way for greater consideration of these strains in mycoremediation.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Fungal Biodiversity in Long-Term Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Contaminated Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051
Author(s):  
Camille Marchal ◽  
Joaquim Germain ◽  
Muriel Raveton ◽  
Blandine Lyonnard ◽  
Cindy Arnoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Penicillium Canescens ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) belong to the organic pollutants that are toxic to humans and harmful to environments. Numerous studies dealing with the impact of PCBs on soil microorganisms have focused on bacterial communities. The effects of PCBs on fungal communities in three different PCB-polluted soils from former industrial sites were investigated using high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 region. Significant differences in fungal alpha diversity were observed mainly due to soil physico-chemical properties. PCBs only influenced the richness of the fungal communities by increasing it. Fungal composition was rather strongly influenced by both PCBs and soil properties, resulting in different communities associated with each soil. Sixteen Ascomycota species were present in all three soils, including Stachybotrys chartarum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium canescens, Penicillium chrysogenum,Penicillium citrosulfuratum and Penicillium brevicompactum, which are usually found in PCB-polluted soils, and Fusarium solani, Penicillium canescens, Penicillium citrosulfuratum and Penicillium chrysogenum, which are known PCB degraders. This study demonstrated that PCBs influence the richness and the composition of fungal communities. Their influence, associated with that of soil physico-chemical properties, led to distinct fungal communities, but with sixteen species common to the three soils which could be considered as ubiquitous species in PCB-polluted soils.

Multiple interactions in riverine biofilms - surfactant adsorption, bacterial attachment and biodegradation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham F. White
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Interactions

Many organic pollutants, especially synthetic surfactants, adsorb onto solid surfaces in natural and engineered aquatic environments. Biofilm bacteria on such surfaces make major contributions to microbial heterotrophic activity and biodegradation of organic pollutants. This paper reviews evidence for multiple interactions between surfactants, biodegradative bacteria, and sediment-liquid interfaces. Biodegradable surfactants e.g. SDS, added to a river-water microcosm were rapidly adsorb to sediment surface and stimulated the indigenous bacteria to attach to the sediment particles. Recalcitrant surfactants and non-surfactant organic nutrients did not stimulate attachment Attachment of bacteria was maximal when biodegradation was fastest, and was reversed when biodegradation was complete. Dodecanol, the primary product of SDS-biodegradation, markedly stimulated attachment. When SDS was added to suspensions containing sediment and either known degraders or known non-degraders, only the degraders became attached, and attachment accelerated surfactant biodegradation to dodecanol. These cyclical cooperative interactions have implications for the design of biodegradability-tests, the impact of surfactant adjuvants on biodegradability of herbicides/pesticides formulated with surfactants, and the role of surfactants used to accelerate bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted soils.

Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants as a risk factor of offspring metabolic syndrome development during childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Cervantes González
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are exogenous, artificially made chemicals that can disrupt the biological system of individuals and animals. POPs encompass a variety of chemicals including, dioxins, organochlorines (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that contain a long half-life and highly resistant to biodegradation. These environmental pollutants accumulate over time in adipose tissues of living organisms and alter various insulin function-related genes. Childhood Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) consists of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, insulin function being one of them. Over the years, the incidence of the syndrome has increased dramatically. It is imperative to explore the role of persistent organic pollutants in the development of Childhood Metabolic Syndrome. Some epidemiological studies have reported an association between prenatal exposure to POPs and offspring MetS development throughout childhood. These findings have been replicated in animal studies in which these pollutants exercise negative health outcomes such as obesity and increased waist circumference. This review discusses the role of prenatal exposure to POPs among offspring who develop MetS in childhood, the latest research on the MetS concept, epidemiological and experimental findings on MetS, and the POPs modes of action. This literature review identified consistent research results on this topic. Even though the studies in this review had many strengths, one major weakness was the usage of different combinations of MetS criteria to measure the outcomes. These findings elucidate the urgent need to solidify the pediatric MetS definition. An accurate definition will permit scientists to measure the MetS as a health outcome properly and allow clinicians to diagnose pediatric MetS and provide individualized treatment appropriately.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mercury-Polluted Soils Adjacent to an Old Mercury-Fulminate Production Plant

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Camps Arbestain ◽  
L. Rodríguez-Lado ◽  
M. Bao ◽  
F. Macías
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Mercury contamination of soils and vegetation close to an abandoned Hg-fulminate production plant was investigated. Maximum concentrations of Hg (>6.5 gkg−1soil) were found in the soils located in the area where the wastewater produced during the washing procedures carried out at the production plant used to be discharged. A few meters away from the discharge area, Hg concentrations decreased to levels ranging between 1 and 5 gkg−1, whereas about 0.5 ha of the surrounding soil to the NE (following the dominant surface flow direction) contained between 0.1 and 1 gkg−1. Mercury contamination of soils was attributed (in addition to spills from Hg containers) to (i) Hg volatilization with subsequent condensation in cooler areas of the production plant and in the surrounding forest stands, and (ii) movement of water either by lateral subsurface flow through the contaminated soils or by heavy runoff to surface waters.

Phytoremediation of contaminated soil Lead and Cadmium by Brassica júncea (L.) Czern plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Qunshan Wei ◽  
◽  
Bilal . ◽  
Muhammad Noman ◽  
Zhemin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Allowable Range

Many remediating strategies are used for polluted soils, however, but mostly the essential phytoremediation is a less expensive, organically satisfying technique that is generally reasonable for various countries. Pot tests were managed to dissect the Brassica júncea plant biomass cultivated on Pb as well as Cd polluted soils as well to survey its ampleness for the evacuation of Pb and Cd. Samples of picked plants developed at a blend of alluvial soil and sand were moved with vessel of pots the earth finishing extents as well allowed make with time regenerative development. Through acid digestion, Pb and Cd extraction was settled from the plant. Consequently, they were collected and afterwards examined for chosen metals through utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Generally, the current examination results demonstrated that no hyperaccumulators of Pb as well Cd were recognized in the region. Body parts of the plant were categorized as Pb low accumulators, moderate accumulators and excluder, as well as Cd low accumulator, excluder. Additionally, Cd concentration was high up than the allowable range in species of plant. In plants, allowable range of Pb and Cd is 0.2 - 20 and 0.1 -2.4 mg kg – 1. In Brassica júncea plant the Pb as well Cd both were no hyperaccumulators. Hence, this local plant had the suitable ability to use for phytoremediation of contaminated soils around the Hayatabad Industrial area, Peshawar. All experimental Results demonstrated that from the medium of soil by Brassica júncea (L.) Czern plant the maximum lead and cadmium removals were 94 % and 94.26 %, respectively in the open environment, while in the control environment this removal was 82 % for Pb and 93.16 % for Cd .The present research work observes that brassica júncea (L.) Czern plant was more helpful for Cd take-up contrasted with Pb, and thus it is capacity we suggest Pb as well Cd for remediation from polluted soils. Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Contaminated soil, Removal

Cleanup of Pesticide and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Fish Extracts by Gel Permeation Chromatography

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L Stalling ◽  
Roger C Tindle ◽  
James L Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Pesticide Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic System ◽  
Gel Permeation

Abstract Gel permeation chromatography was found to be an efficient and reproducible technique for removing lipids from fish extracts. Recoveries of DDT, DDD, DDE, methoxychlor, lindane, dieldrin, endrin, malathion, and parathion were found to be greater than 95%. Pesticide concentrations were equivalent to 0.01-1.0 ppm, based on the original fish tissue. Pesticide analysis was by gas chromatography, using an electron capture detector, and by liquid scintillation. Less than 0.5% of the lipids originally present in the fish extract was recovered in the pesticide-containing eluate. Several solvent and lipophilic gel systems were evaluated. A chromatographic system using cyclohexane and Bio Beads S-X2 gave the most satisfactory separations. Polychlorinated biphenyls were also recovered in good yields. When this technique was used in conjunction with the polychlorinated biphenyl separation technique of Armour and Burke, excellent results were obtained. The system, as described, may be adapted for automatic sample cleanup and may be used as the sole cleanup technique with some samples.

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