scholarly journals From Dysbiosis to Healthy Skin: Major Contributions of Cutibacterium acnes to Skin Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Miquel Rozas ◽  
Astrid Hart de Ruijter ◽  
Maria Jose Fabrega ◽  
Amine Zorgani ◽  
Marc Guell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Skin Commensals ◽  
Niche Competition

Cutibacterium acnes is the most abundant bacterium living in human, healthy and sebum-rich skin sites, such as the face and the back. This bacterium is adapted to this specific environment and therefore could have a major role in local skin homeostasis. To assess the role of this bacterium in healthy skin, this review focused on (i) the abundance of C. acnes in the skin microbiome of healthy skin and skin disorders, (ii) its major contributions to human skin health, and (iii) skin commensals used as probiotics to alleviate skin disorders. The loss of C. acnes relative abundance and/or clonal diversity is frequently associated with skin disorders such as acne, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and psoriasis. C. acnes, and the diversity of its clonal population, contributes actively to the normal biophysiological skin functions through, for example, lipid modulation, niche competition and oxidative stress mitigation. Compared to gut probiotics, limited dermatological studies have investigated skin probiotics with skin commensal strains, highlighting their unexplored potential.

Staphylococcus epidermidis: A Potential New Player in the Physiopathology of Acne?

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 235 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Claudel ◽  
Nicole Auffret ◽  
Marie-Thérèse Leccia ◽  
Florence Poli ◽  
Stéphane Corvec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Skin Commensals

Background: Cutibacterium acnes has been identified as one of the main triggers of acne. However, increasing knowledge of the human skin microbiome raises questions about the role of other skin commensals, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, in the physiopathology of this skin disease. Summary: This review provides an overview of current knowledge of the potential role of S. epidermidis in the physiopathology of acne. Recent research indicates that acne might be the result of an unbalanced equilibrium between C. acnes and S. epidermidis,according to dedicated interactions. Current treatments act on C. acnesonly. Other treatment options may be considered, such as probiotics derived from S. epidermidis to restore the naturally balanced microbiota or through targeting the regulation of the host’s AMP mediators. Key Messages: Research seems to confirm the beneficial role of S. epidermidis in acne by limiting C. acnes over-colonisation and inflammation.

scholarly journals Living in Your Skin: Microbes, Molecules, and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hannah Swaney ◽  
Lindsay R. Kalan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Defensive Symbiosis ◽  
Skin Commensals ◽  
Skin Function ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Human skin functions as a physical, chemical, and immune barrier against the external environment while also providing a protective niche for its resident microbiota, known as the skin microbiome. Cooperation between the microbiota, host skin cells, and the immune system is responsible for maintenance of skin health, and a disruption to this delicate balance, such as by pathogen invasion or a breach in the skin barrier, may lead to impaired skin function. In this minireview, we describe the role of the microbiome in microbe, host, and immune interactions under distinct skin states, including homeostasis, tissue repair, and wound infection. Furthermore, we highlight the growing number of diverse microbial metabolites and products that have been identified to mediate these interactions, particularly those involved in host-microbe communication and defensive symbiosis. We also address the contextual pathogenicity exhibited by many skin commensals and provide insight into future directions in the skin microbiome field.

The role of lactobacilli in inhibiting skin pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lize Delanghe ◽  
Irina Spacova ◽  
Joke Van Malderen ◽  
Eline Oerlemans ◽  
Ingmar Claes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Inflammatory Skin ◽  
Skin Conditions

The human skin microbiota forms a key barrier against skin pathogens and is important in modulating immune responses. Recent studies identify lactobacilli as endogenous inhabitants of healthy skin, while inflammatory skin conditions are often associated with a disturbed skin microbiome. Consequently, lactobacilli-based probiotics are explored as a novel treatment of inflammatory skin conditions through their topical skin application. This review focuses on the potential beneficial role of lactobacilli (family Lactobacillaceae) in the skin habitat, where they can exert multifactorial local mechanisms of action against pathogens and inflammation. On one hand, lactobacilli have been shown to directly compete with skin pathogens through adhesion inhibition, production of antimicrobial metabolites, and by influencing pathogen metabolism. The competitive anti-pathogenic action of lactobacilli has already been described mechanistically for common different skin pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes, and Candida albicans. On the other hand, lactobacilli also have an immunomodulatory capacity associated with a reduction in excessive skin inflammation. Their influence on the immune system is mediated by bacterial metabolites and cell wall-associated or excreted microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). In addition, lactobacilli can also enhance the skin barrier function, which is often disrupted as a result of infection or in inflammatory skin diseases. Some clinical trials have already translated these mechanistic insights into beneficial clinical outcomes, showing that topically applied lactobacilli can temporarily colonize the skin and promote skin health, but more and larger clinical trials are required to generate in vivo mechanistic insights and in-depth skin microbiome analysis.

scholarly journals Cutibacterium acnesantibiotic production shapes niche competition in the human skin microbiome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Claesen ◽  
Jennifer B Spagnolo ◽  
Stephany Flores Ramos ◽  
Kenji L Kurita ◽  
Allyson L Byrd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Niche Competition ◽  
Individual Human

AbstractThe composition of the skin microbiome varies widely among individuals sampled at the same body site. A key question is which molecular factors determine strain-level variability within sub-ecosystems of the skin. We used a genomics-guided approach to identify an antibacterial biosynthetic gene cluster inCutibacterium acnes(formerlyPropionibacterium acnes) that is widely distributed across individuals and skin sites. Experimental characterization of this cluster enabled the identification of a new thiopeptide antibiotic, cutimycin. Analysis of individual human skin hair follicles showed that cutimycin is an important factor regulating colonization resistance againstStaphylococcusspecies.One Sentence SummaryCutimycin, a thiopeptide antibiotic produced by a widespread skin commensal, reducesStaphylococcuscolonization of human follicles.

scholarly journals The Cutaneous Microbiome and Wounds: New Molecular Targets to Promote Wound Healing

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Johnson ◽  
Belinda Gómez ◽  
Matthew McIntyre ◽  
Michael Dubick ◽  
Robert Christy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
Healing Tissue ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Skin Commensals ◽  
Chronic Skin

The ecological community of microorganisms in/on humans, termed the microbiome, is vital for sustaining homeostasis. While culture-independent techniques have revealed the role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease, the role of the cutaneous microbiome in wound healing is less defined. Skin commensals are essential in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier function, regulation of the host immune system, and protection from invading pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we summarize the literature derived from pre-clinical and clinical studies on how changes in the microbiome of various acute and chronic skin wounds impact wound healing tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we review the mechanistic insights garnered from model wound healing systems. Finally, in the face of growing concern about antibiotic-resistance, we will discuss alternative strategies for the treatment of infected wounds to improve wound healing and outcomes. Taken together, it has become apparent that commensals, symbionts, and pathogens on human skin have an intimate role in the inflammatory response that highlights several potential strategies to treat infected, non-healing wounds. Despite these promising results, there are some contradictory and controversial findings from existing studies and more research is needed to define the role of the human skin microbiome in acute and chronic wound healing.

scholarly journals Microbiome and acne vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Ziyuan Ma ◽  
Nikolay G. Kochergin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
The Relationship

Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin disease involving sebaceous follicle. Although the pathogensis of acne remains uncertain, skin microbes are considered to plays an essential role in acne vulgaris. Cutibacterium acnes is the most important microbe in acne pathogenesis and its several processes: colonization, over-proliferation and inflammation have long been thought to contribute to the disease. Moreover, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia also synergistically collaborate with Cutibacterium acnes. Besides, given the growing number of patients who are treatment resistant, assessments are needed on phenotypic changes in the skin microbiome with retinoids and antibacterial therapy. Further research on the role of microbes in the pathogenesis of acne and the relationship between pathogenic microbes is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for clinical treatment of acne.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

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