scholarly journals Selective Flamingo Medium for the Isolation of Aspergillus fumigatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Alfons J. M. Debets ◽  
Paul E. Verweij ◽  
Sijmen E. Schoustra
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Effective Condition ◽  
Waste Soil

For various studies in the clinic as well as the environment, it is essential to be able to selectively isolate Aspergillus fumigatus from samples containing bacteria as well as various other fungi (mainly Mucorales). Six agar media were compared for effectiveness in selectively isolating Aspergillus fumigatus from agricultural plant waste, woodchip waste, green waste, soil, grass and air samples collected in the Netherlands at a 48 °C incubation. The Flamingo Medium incubated at 48 °C, provided the most effective condition for the isolation of A. fumigatus from environmental samples, since it effectively inhibited the growth of competing fungi (mainly Mucorales) present in the environmental samples. Flamingo Medium reduced the number of colonies of Mucorales species by 95% and recovered an average of 20−30% more A. fumigatus colonies compared to the other media. We further confirmed that Flamingo Medium can inhibit the growth of clinical Mucorales, which occasionally present in patient’s tissue and can also be used for clinical applications. We suggest the use of Flamingo Medium as an efficient method for the study of A. fumigatus from important environmental niches for which there is increasing interest. Additionally, it can also be used in the clinic to isolate A. fumigatus especially from tissue contaminated with Mucorales.

OBSERVATIONS ON AMYLOLYTIC BACTERIA: III. CULTURAL CONDITIONS INFLUENCING THE BREAKDOWN OF STARCH BY STENOTHERMOPHILIC BACTERIA BELONGING TO BACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Stark ◽  
P. A. Tetrault
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Commercial Medium ◽  
Agar Media

Thirty-five cultures of Bacillus stearothermophilus hydrolyzed five starches under various cultural conditions. Hydrolysis occurred regardless of the type, brand, or batch of starch; regardless of the initial pH or of the subsequent pH changes of the medium. Starch in broth was better attacked than in agar media. Some cultures hydrolyzed 0.5%, but not 1% starch; others hydrolyzed easily 10% soluble starch. Length of incubation was important. Certain cultures never formed acid or sugar from starch. Dextrinization was a more reliable indication of starch hydrolysis than was the formation of acid or sugar. Soluble starch gave more consistent results in repeated experiments than did nonsoluble starches. The type of protein medium determines strongly the formation of amylase. Trypticase was the best commercial medium, yeast extract came second. The other 10 media yielded fewer amylolytic cultures. Yeast extract added to media enhanced amylase formation, except with trypticase. Tryptose, proteose-peptone, and neopeptone inhibited the growth of most cultures.

Salmonella spp. in Healthy Swine and in Abattoir Environments in Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMA S. LÁZARO ◽  
ANITA TIBANA ◽  
ERNESTO HOFER
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Tank Water

Tonsils and inguinal, mesenteric, and prescapular lymph node samples collected from 115 swine carcasses from two abattoirs and a family-run operation in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were cultured for the presence of Salmonella species. Salmonella spp. were detected in 40 (34.8%) of the swine samples with the following distribution; tonsils (31/40, 77.5%), mesenteric lymph nodes (16/40, 40.0%), inguinal lymph nodes, (9/40, 22.5%), and prescapular lymph nodes (7/40, 17.5%), Scalding tank water and environmental swabs collected from the abattoirs were also analyzed. Salmonella spp. were recovered from 13 of 51 (22.5%) of the environmental samples from one of the two abattoirs, none from those from the other abattoir. Salmonella spp. were recovered from the evisceration tables (5/11, 45.5%), the killing room (3/10, 30.0%), the holding pen (2/10, 20.0%), the butchering saw (2/10, 20.0%), and the scalding tank (1/10, 10.0%). The most frequently detected serovar was Salmonella Muenster. The results show the necessity of adopting more effective hygienic measures in the abattoirs as well as in the areas where swine are raised in order to reduce the role of abattoirs and storage facilities in the spread of Salmonella contamination.

Aeromonas hydrophila in Shellfish Growing Waters: Incidence and Media Evaluation

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS ABEYTA ◽  
STEPHEN D. WEAGANT ◽  
CHARLES A. KAYSNER ◽  
MARLEEN M. WEKELL ◽  
ROBERT F. STOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Enterotoxin Production ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Agar Media

Levels of Aeromonas hydrophila determined for the shellfish growing area of Grays Harbor, Washington, ranged from 3 to 4600/100 g in oysters and from 3 to 2400/100 ml in water. Of isolates tested, 80% produced a hemolysin, a trait reported to correlate with enterotoxin production and pathogenicity. Two enrichment broths, Tryptic Soy Broth with ampicillin (TSBA) and Modified Rimler Shotts Broth (MRSB) were compared in combination with three solid agar media: Rimler Shotts (RS), Peptone Beef Extract Glycogen (PBG), and MacConkey's (MCA) agars. TSBA was far superior to MRSB in isolating this species from the environmental samples tested.

Procedures for Recovery of Stressed and Injured Cells of Yersinia Enterocolitica from Meat and Meat Products

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHEKO KOUNEV
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Selective Agar ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

A new three-step procedure (TSP) for the recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 from frozen meat, salted and dried meat products, raw dried meat products, and cooked perishable sausages, has been developed. The TSP is based mainly on enrichment in 0.15 M phosphate-buffered saline at 25°C. In the TSP, selected dilutions of samples are enriched for 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, and 48 h and then plated onto nonselective and selective agar media after or without alkali treatment. Additional enrichment was performed with half of the samples at 25°C for 24 h, and the rest at 4°C for up to 2 wk, followed by alkali treatment and plating on selective agar medium. Recovery of Y. enterocolitica was better using the TSP than the other method used for isolating the organism from meats.

Experiment of Slurry Shield Tunnel Recycling Waste Sand in Sand-Pebble Layer

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 1104-1109
Author(s):  
Chen Rui Pang ◽  
Xin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shield Tunnel ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Large Space ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Slurry Shield ◽  
Sand Source ◽  
Waste Soil

Waste soil progressing in shield tunnel construction should occupy large space, on the other hand, do harm to city environment. If the waste sand in silt and fine sand layer can be used as sand source of synchronous grouting, it will bring benefits for the enterprise and society. In indoor experiment, we select waste sand in different layers, sieved as sand source, then use the waste sand to produce slurry and compare their strength with the construction slurry’s. The study found, sieved waste sand in silt and fine sand layer can be used as sand source for making synchronous grouting slurry.

scholarly journals Measurement of Low 14C Activities in a Liquid Scintillation Counter in the Zagreb Radiocarbon Laboratory

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Horvatinčić ◽  
Jadranka Barešić ◽  
Ines Krajcar Bronić ◽  
Bogomil Obelić
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counter ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Chemical Preparation ◽  
Gas Proportional Counter

Two methods of chemical preparation of radiocarbon samples are implemented in the Zagreb Radiocarbon Laboratory for measurement by a new liquid scintillation counter (LSC), Quantulus 1220™: a CO2 absorption method (LSC-A) and a benzene synthesis method (LSC-B). For samples prepared by both methods, the optimal counting windows for measurement in LSC were determined. The total efficiency of LSC-A is 65% and that of the LSC-B is 83%, while the corresponding 14C dating limits are 31,800 yr and 52,160 yr, respectively.14C activities measured by the LSC-A and LSC-B methods were compared with those measured by the gas proportional counter (GPC) method (efficiency 75%, 14C dating limit 37,500 yr). The results obtained by the LSC-A method have larger errors than those measured by the GPC method, but LSC-A is quick, inexpensive, simple, and requires less carbon than the GPC method. Thus, LSC-A is suitable for 14C measurements of geological, hydrological, and environmental samples. On the other hand, the results obtained by the LSC-B method give smaller errors and a larger 14C dating range. Therefore, LSC-B is more suitable for 14C dating of archaeological samples.

Recherche de nouvelles activités saccharifiantes thermostables chez les champignons filamenteux

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vanacker ◽  
B. Bacle ◽  
G. Vidal ◽  
L. Lacoste
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Half Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Life Measure ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Better Than

We have searched for producers of a saccharifying activity with improved thermostability compared with industrial amyloglucosidases. These producers were chosen among thermophilic, thermotolerant, or even mesophilic fungi. Among the 846 isolated strains, five species (two Thermoascus spp., a member of the Aspergillus fumigatus group, and two members of the Aspergillus niger group) showed an amyloglucosidasic complex with the required property. Whereas the first three of these were thermophilic or thermotolerant strains, the latter two strengthen the idea that mesophilic strains can produce thermostable enzymes. The thermostability of the saccharifying complex of the Thermoascus spp., established with a half-life measure, was found to be far better than the other ones. The industrial use of these strains was discussed, and Thermoascus crustaceus seems to be the most advantageous one. Key words: filamentous fungi, amyloglucosidases, thermostability, Thermoascus.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Environmental Samples: A Methodological Approach to Have Consistent and Comparable Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Robotto ◽  
Paola Quaglino ◽  
David Lembo ◽  
Marcello Morello ◽  
Enrico Brizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parallel Sampling

Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, large attention has been focused on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 diffusion and environment. As a matter of fact, clear evidence of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via respiratory aerosol would be of primary importance; at the same time, checking the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater can be extremely useful to control the diffusion of the disease. Up to now, many studies report SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in indoor/outdoor air samples or water/wastewater samples that can differ by order of magnitude. Unfortunately, complete information about the scientific approach of many studies is still missing, relating to: samplers and sampling materials performances, recovery tests, measurement uncertainty, robustness, detection and quantification limits, infectivity of captured virus, virus degradation during sampling, influence of sample pre-treatments (included freezing) on results, effects of inhibitors, sample alterations due to manipulation, validation of methods and processes, quality assurance according to ISO/IEC 17025 requirements.Based on the first experiences focused on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples such as air quality filters, air-liquid impingers and wastewater samples, the present study describes a coherent preliminary approach to SARS-CoV-2 environmental sampling in order to overcome the evident lack of standardization. Three aspects are highlighted here: the first solution to assure quality and consistency to environmental sampling relies on the development of recovery tests using standard materials and investigating sampling materials, sampling techniques, sampling durations, sample conservation and pre-treatments; secondly, in order to overcome the shortcomings of every single sampling technique, coupling different samplers in parallel sampling could be an efficient strategy to collect more information and make data more reliable, in particular for air samples; finally, with regards to airborne virus sampling, the results could be confirmed by simplified emission and dilution models.

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