scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Four Potent Neospora caninum Diagnostic Antigens Using Immunochromatographic Assay for Detection of Specific Antibody in Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Ragab Fereig ◽  
Hanan Abdelbaky ◽  
Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for numerous abortion outbreaks and neonatal abnormalities in cattle. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is critical for N. caninum control owing to the lack of vaccine or drug-based control strategies. Herein, we evaluated the performance of four frequently used antigens in the diagnosis of N. caninum infection using immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) as a rapid, affordable, and field applicable tool. These antigens included recombinant proteins of N. caninum surface antigen 1 (NcSAG1), dense granule proteins 7 (NcGRA7) and 6 (NcGRA6), in addition to native Neospora lysate antigen (NLA). Our study revealed the utility of all antigen-based ICTs for detection of specific antibodies to N. caninum. However, the NcSAG1-based ICT was the best for detection of all control N. caninum-infected mouse or cattle sera, while NcGRA7 and NcGRA6-based ICTs exhibited specific ability to detect samples from acute and sub-acute infection in mice and cattle, respectively. Analyses of the NcSAG1-based ICT against enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) of the same antigen revealed its efficiency in detection of field cattle samples as observed in high sensitivity (84.2%), specificity (93.5%), agreement (90%), and kappa value (0.78). The current knowledge provides an efficient platform for N. caninum control through on-site diagnosis of infected cattle.

scholarly journals Evidence of Neospora caninum exposure among native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 637-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
BY Jung ◽  
SH Lee ◽  
D. Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion in ruminants, including goats. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats (Capra hircus coreanae). A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to analyse 464 serum samples for the presence of N. caninum antibodies. Four samples (0.9%, 95% confidence intervals – CI: 0.0–1.7) were found to be positive for N. caninum antibodies. The seroprevalence was analysed according to age (less than to one year, young; more than or equal one year, adult; and unknown), sampling season (April to September, warm; October to March, cold), and region (northern, central, and southern). However, there were no statistically significant differences in seroprevalence according to age, season, and region (P > 0.05). This is the first report on the seroprevalence of N. caninum in native Korean goats. The results of this study indicate a nationwide distribution of N. caninum among goats, with a relatively low prevalence. Therefore, the implementation of integrated control strategies as well as measures for prevention and control of N. caninum infection among goats is recommended.

Simulating the impact of four control strategies on the population dynamics of Neospora caninum infection in Swiss dairy cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 254-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Häsler ◽  
Katharina D.C. Stärk ◽  
Heinz Sager ◽  
Bruno Gottstein ◽  
Martin Reist
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium spp. Infections in Livestock and Wild Animals in Azerbaijan Territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Simuzer Mamedova ◽  
Panagiotis Karanis
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Acid Fast Staining

Cryptosporidium is an intracellular protozoan parasite and is increasingly gaining attention as a human and an animal pathogen, mainly due to its predominant involvement in worldwide waterborne outbreaks. This paper reviews the current knowledge and understanding of Cryptosporidium spp. in terrestrial and aquatic animals in Azerbaijan. The diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis relies on the identification of oocysts in faecal samples released by the infected host. Stool specimens were processed using the modified acid-fast staining method (Ziehl-Neelsen) and microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Thirteen species of Cryptosporidium (C. fragile, C. ducismarci, C. serpentis, C. varani, C. baileyi, C. meleagridis, C. muris, C. parvum, C. ubiquitum, C. andersoni, C. bovis, C. hominis, C. suis) from amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals have been identified as a result of studies conducted between 1987 and 2019 on the structural features of Cryptosporidium oocysts in Azerbaijan territory.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium spp. infections in livestock and wild animals in Azerbaijan territory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mamedova ◽  
P. Karanis
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Abstract Cryptosporidium is an intracellular protozoan parasite, globally distributed and capable of infecting various vertebrate species, including humans as well as domestic and wild animals. Cryptosporidium is increasingly gaining attention as a human and an animal pathogen mainly due to its dominant involvement in worldwide waterborne outbreaks. The present paper reviews the current knowledge and understanding of Cryptosporidium spp. in terrestrial and water animals in Azerbaijan.

scholarly journals A study of Neospora caninum antibody seroprevalence ın dairy cows in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 2018
Author(s):  
S. KASAP ◽  
S. ERTUNC ◽  
E. M. TEMIZEL ◽  
S. SENTURK
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caninum Antibody ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Neospora caninum is a intracellular protozoan parasite and is one of the major causes of repeated abortions, foetal malformations, pre-term deliveries, stillbirth and possible loss of milk yield in livestock. The presence of specific antibodies against N. caninum in the blood serum of dairy cows is investigated in the present study. A total of 184 blood serum samples of dairy cows were examined in Bursa province in the Marmara Region. N. caninum antibodies were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (The Svanovir Neospora-Ab ELISA). From the total sample, antibodies to N. caninum were detected in 62 of the 184 examined cows (33.3%) and neurological findings were seen in a calf.

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dairy cows in Northern provinces, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawin Inpankaew ◽  
Sathaporn Jittapalapong ◽  
Thomas Mitchell ◽  
Chainirun Sununta ◽  
Ikuo Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNeospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of neosporosis, recognized as a major cause of bovine abortion around the world. Thailand is a developing agricultural country located in Southeast Asia. Livestock developments particularly in dairy cows of this country have been hampered by low productivity including milk and slow growth rate due to the impact of many pathogens including N. caninum. Currently, there is no effective method for control of neosporosis since there is less information regarding current status of infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of neosporosis in dairy cows of the northern part of Thailand. During 2006–2007, the sera of 642 cows from 42 small farm holders with the top three highest consensus of dairy farms in the northern provinces, such as Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai and Lumpang were collected and performed tests. Antibodies to N. caninum were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant N. caninum surface antigen 1 (NcSAG1) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The overall prevalence of N. caninum infection in this study was 46.9% (301/642) by ELISA and 34.3% (220/642) by IFAT.

scholarly journals The prevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in bulk milk of dairy herds in the CzechRepublic: a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hurkova ◽  
D. Halova ◽  
D. Modry
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Milk Elisa ◽  
Bovine Abortion ◽  
Bulk Milk Elisa

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite causing bovine abortion all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate how common N. caninum infection is among dairy herds in the Czech Republic. Bulk milk samples were collected from 495 dairy herds and analysed for the presence of specific antibodies by a commercial N. caninum iscom ELISA. Five out of 495 dairy herds (1.01%) had percentage positive values ≥20 and were considered positive. In the positive herds, blood samples were collected from cows and pregnant heifers and analysed by the ELISA test. The within-herd seroprevalence ranged from 2.5 to 50%. The bulk milk ELISA could be a useful and inexpensive method for rapid screening of Neospora caninum infection in dairy herds in large areas.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy cows in Belgrade city area, Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Đ. CVETOJEVIC ◽  
V. MILICEVIC ◽  
B. KURELJUSIC ◽  
B. SAVIC
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
City Area ◽  
Epidemiological Factors

The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is one of the most important abortifacient pathogen in cattle. Serological investigations are often used in order to estimate seroprevalence in herds. Aims of our study were to determine the seroprevalence among aborting and non-aborting dairy cattle in Belgrade city area as well as epidemiological factors that are important for N. caninum infection. Using commercial ELISA kit, we examined 188 sera. Out of 188, 142 samples originated from pregnant (non-aborting) cows from five farms, while 46 were from cows who had aborted. Overall seroprevalence was 25% (48/188). Seroprevalence was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in aborting than in non-aborting group of cows (37% and 21.1% respectively). At least one positive sample was detected on four (80%) out of five examined farms while seroprevalence among farms varied from 0 to 43.5%. On all examined farms crucial epizootiological factors (presence of dogs and low biosecurity measures) that favor the maintenance and spreading of the infection were identified. Our study revealed the presence of N. caninum antibodies in population of dairy cows in Belgrade city area. Infection is established in enzootic pattern on examined farms and high seroprevalence among aborting cows suggests that N. caninum could be important abortifacient pathogen.

scholarly journals Serological response to Neospora caninum infection in goats and agreement between three diagnostic techniques to detect caprine neosporosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Pomy C.P. Kim ◽  
Renata P.B. Melo ◽  
Jonatas C. Almeida ◽  
José G. Silva ◽  
Muller Ribeiro-Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Reference Serum ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to measure the serological response of goats infected with Neospora caninum by assessing the diagnostic performance and agreement between three techniques (indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, IFAT; Neospora agglutitation test, NAT; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA). The panel of sera were comprised of 500 samples of goats, and 60 reference serum samples. These reference and field serum samples were tested by ELISA, NAT, and IFAT. In the field serum samples tested, the seroprevalences of anti-N. caninum antibodies were 3.2%, 4.6%, and 6.4% in the NAT, IFAT and ELISA, respectively. Using the IFAT as the gold standard, the NAT and the ELISA agreement was considered weak (k=0.28) and strong (k=0.75), respectively. When the IFAT performance was used for comparison purposes, the ELISA showed 91.3% sensitivity and 97.7%, specificity with a PPV of 65.2% and a NPV of 99.6%; The NAT presented sensitivity of 26.1% and specificity of 97.9% with a PPV of 37.5% and a NPV of 96.5%. Accordingly, the IFAT should remain the assay of choice for studies about N. caninum infection in goats in individual serum samples. A combination of serological assays with high sensitivity and specificity is recommended in serosurveys of caprine neosporosis.

scholarly journals Modulation of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expression in Mice Acutely Infected with Neospora caninum

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Luzia Teixeira ◽  
Alexandra Correia ◽  
Bárbara M. Oliveira ◽  
Ana Pinto ◽  
Paula G. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Transcript Variant ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity

Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that in cattle assumes particular importance, as it is responsible for abortions reported worldwide. Leptin is an adipokine mainly secreted by adipocytes, which beside its role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis also has important effects in both innate and adaptive immunity. In previous work, we showed that mice chronically infected with N. caninum had elevated serum leptin levels. Here, we sought to assess whether acute infection with N. caninum infection influenced the production of this adipokine as well as leptin receptor mRNA levels. Our results show that acute infection with N. caninum led to decreased leptin serum levels and mRNA expression in adipose tissue. A decrease in leptin receptor transcript variant 1 mRNA (long isoform) and leptin receptor transcript variant 3 mRNA (one of the short isoforms) expression was also observed. An increase in the number of cells staining positive for leptin in the liver of infected mice was observed, although this increase was less marked in Interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 p40-deficient mice. Overall, our results show that N. caninum infection also influences leptin production during acute infection.

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