scholarly journals Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures in Mice Treated with Commonly Used Food Preservatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2311
Author(s):  
Ravinder Nagpal ◽  
Nagaraju Indugu ◽  
Prashant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Diet is one of the most important factors regulating and influencing the composition of our gut microbiome, but the specific effects of commonly used antimicrobial agents i.e., food preservatives present within foods, are not completely understood. In this study, we examined the effect of the three widely used food-grade preservatives i.e., benzoic acid, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite, in recommended levels, on the gut microbiota diversity and composition in a mouse model. The analysis of β-diversity reveals distinct signatures of the gut microbiota between mice consuming different preservatives. Further analyses of α-diversity indices also show that the three preservatives induce specific patterns of microbial diversity, with diversity being lowest in mice consuming potassium sorbate. In terms of bacterial abundance, each of the three preservatives demonstrated unique microbial signatures, mainly affecting the proportions of bacterial taxa belonging to Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria. Specifically, we find the increased proportion of Bacteroides, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Oscillospira, and Dorea in mice fed with benzoate; increased abundance of Firmicutes, Turicibacter, and Alkaliphilus by sodium nitrate; and increased proportion of Parabacteroides and Adlercreutzia by potassium sorbate. The findings improve our understanding of how food-grade preservatives may influence the gut microbiota composition and diversity and should facilitate prospective studies investigating diet-microbiome interactions in relation to intestinal and metabolic health.

scholarly journals Associations between usual diet and gut microbiota composition: results from the Milieu Intérieur cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1472-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Partula ◽  
Stanislas Mondot ◽  
Marion J Torres ◽  
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot ◽  
Mélanie Deschasaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Usual Diet ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Background Diet is widely recognized as one of the main modifiable drivers of gut microbiota variability, and its influence on microbiota composition is an active area of investigation. Objective The present work aimed to explore the associations between usual diet and gut microbiota composition in a large sample of healthy French adults. Methods Gut microbiota composition was established through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in stool samples from 862 healthy French adults of the Milieu Intérieur study. Usual dietary consumptions were determined through the administration of a food-frequency questionnaire. The associations between dietary variables and α- and β-diversity indexes and relative taxa abundances were tested using Spearman correlations, permutational ANOVAs, and multivariate analyses with linear models, respectively. Results Foods generally considered as healthy (raw fruits, fish) were positively associated with α-diversity, whereas food items for which a limited consumption is generally recommended (fried products, sodas or sugary drinks, fatty sweet products, processed meats, ready-cooked meals, and desserts) were negatively associated with α-diversity. Fruits, fried products, ready-cooked meals, and cheese contributed to shifts within microbiota composition (β-diversity). Our results also highlighted a number of associations between various food group intakes and abundances of specific phyla, genera, and species. For instance, the consumption of cheese was negatively associated with Akkermansia muciniphila abundance. Conclusions This large-scale population-based study supports that the usual consumption of certain food items is associated with several gut microbial features, and extends the mechanistic arguments linking Western diet to an altered microbiota composition. These results provide new insights into the understanding of complex diet–gut microbiota relations, and their implications for host health deserve further investigation because altered microbiota diversity was consistently linked to increased risk of several health outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01699893.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 and Blueberry Phytophenols Affect Lipidome and Gut Microbiota Composition of Rats Under High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Dias Teixeira ◽  
Monica F. Torrez Lamberti ◽  
Evon DeBose-Scarlett ◽  
Erol Bahadiroglu ◽  
Timothy J. Garrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Johnsonii ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Obesity is considered a primary contributing factor in the development of many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular illnesses. Phytochemical-rich foods, associated to healthy gastrointestinal microbiota, have been shown to reduce obesity and associated comorbidities. In the present article, we describe the effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 and blueberry extracts (BB) on the gut microbiota and lipid profile of rats under a high-fat (HF) or low-calorie (LC) diet. L. johnsonii was found to increase the levels of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) in the serum of all animals under HF diet, while reduced LCFA concentrations were observed in the adipose tissue of animals under HF diet supplemented with BB extracts. All animals under HF diet also showed lower protein levels of SREBP1 and SCAP when treated with L. johnsonii. The gut microbiota diversity, β-diversity was significantly changed by L. johnsonii in the presence of BB. A significant reduction in α-diversity was observed in the ileum of animals under HF diet supplemented with L. johnsonii and BB, while increased α-diversity was observed in the ilium of animals under LC diet supplemented with L. johnsonii or BB. In summary, L. johnsonii and BB supplementation induced significant changes in gut microbiota diversity and lipid metabolism. The phospholipids pool was the lipidome component directly affected by the interventions. The ileum and colon microbiota showed clear differences depending on the diet and the treatments examined.

Association of subjective global assessment of nutritional status with gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients: a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Yun Lin ◽  
Szu-Chun Hung
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Subjective Global Assessment ◽  
Protein Energy Wasting ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Α Diversity

Abstract Background Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the pathogenesis of PEW in CKD patients has not been fully identified. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of host metabolism and energy balance. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between nutritional status and the composition of the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients. Methods Gut microbial diversity and taxonomy were examined in 88 hemodialysis patients with PEW (n = 22) and normal nutritional status (n = 66) who were matched 1:3 for age and sex. Nutritional status was assessed by using the 7-point subjective global assessment (SGA) score (1–3 = severe PEW; 4–5 = moderate PEW and 6–7 = normal nutrition). The gut microbiota was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results Patients with normal nutritional status had a significantly higher body mass index and physical activity and serum albumin levels, but significantly lower levels of inflammatory cytokines than patients with PEW. The most striking finding was that the α-diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly lower in patients with PEW. In a multivariate analysis, the SGA score was independently and positively associated with α-diversity (P = 0.049). Patients with or without PEW were different with respect to the principal coordinate analysis of β-diversity. Notably, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate-producing bacteria, was markedly reduced in patients with PEW. Conclusion In hemodialysis patients, PEW assessed with the SGA was associated with gut dysbiosis.

Ongoing Supplementation of Probiotics to Cesarean-Born Neonates during the First Month of Life may Impact the Gut Microbial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Yang ◽  
Liang Tian ◽  
Jiao Luo ◽  
Jialin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Clusters Of Orthologous Groups ◽  
And Function

Objective The delivery mode is considered to be a significant influencing factor in the early gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the long-term health of the host. In this study, we tried to explore the effects of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota of C-section neonates. Study Design Twenty-six Chinese neonates were enrolled in this study. The neonates were divided into four groups: VD (natural delivery neonates, n = 3), CD (cesarean-born neonates, n = 9), CDL (cesarean-born neonates supplemented with probiotic at a lower dosage, n = 7), and CDH (cesarean-born neonates supplemented with probiotic at a higher dosage, n = 7). Fecal samples were collected on the 3rd, 7th, and 28th day since birth. The V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology. Results The α-diversity of the intestinal microbiota of cesarean delivery neonates was significantly lower than that of the naturally delivered neonates on the 28th day (p = 0.005). After supplementation with probiotics for 28 days, the α-diversity and the β-diversity of the gut flora in the cesarean-born infants (CDL28 and CDH28) was similar to that in the vaginally delivery infants. Meanwhile, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly increased since the 3rd day of probiotic supplementation. Besides, the sustained supplementation of probiotics to neonates would help improve the abundance of the operational taxonomic units in several different Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins. Conclusion This study showed that probiotics supplementation to cesarean-born neonates since birth might impact the diversity and function of gut microbiota. Key Points

scholarly journals Microbial signature in IgE-mediated food allergies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Goldberg ◽  
Hadar Mor ◽  
Dafna Magid Neriya ◽  
Faiga Magzal ◽  
Efrat Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Multiple studies suggest a key role for gut microbiota in IgE-mediated food allergy (FA) development, but to date, none has studied it in the persistent state. Methods To characterize the gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) profiles associated with major food allergy groups, we recruited 233 patients with FA including milk (N = 66), sesame (N = 38), peanut (N = 71), and tree nuts (N = 58), and non-allergic controls (N = 58). DNA was isolated from fecal samples, and 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed. SCFAs in stool were analyzed from patients with a single allergy (N = 84) and controls (N = 31). Results The gut microbiota composition of allergic patients was significantly different compared to age-matched controls both in α-diversity and β-diversity. Distinct microbial signatures were noted for FA to different foods. Prevotella copri (P. copri) was the most overrepresented species in non-allergic controls. SCFAs levels were significantly higher in the non-allergic compared to the FA groups, whereas P. copri significantly correlated with all three SCFAs. We used these microbial differences to distinguish between FA patients and non-allergic healthy controls with an area under the curve of 0.90, and for the classification of FA patients according to their FA types using a supervised learning algorithm. Bacteroides and P. copri were identified as taxa potentially contributing to KEGG acetate-related pathways enriched in non-allergic compared to FA. In addition, overall pathway dissimilarities were found among different FAs. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a link between IgE-mediated FA and the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals A game theory model for gut bacterial nutrient utilization strategies during human infancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1931) ◽  
pp. 20200824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Leena Angell ◽  
Knut Rudi
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Expanding Population

Despite the fact that infant gut colonization patterns have been extensively studied, we have limited knowledge about the underlying ecological processes. This particularly relates to the ecological choice of nutrient utilization strategies. The aim of the current study was therefore to compare empirically determined nutrient utilization strategies with that expected from a combinatorial game theory model. Observational analyses for 100 mother–child pairs suggested mother–child transmission of specialists with the potential to use few nutrients. Generalists, on the other hand, with the potential to use many nutrients, peaked at three months of age for the children. The level of generalists was gradually replaced with specialists up to 12 months of age. Game theory simulation revealed a competitive advantage of generalists in an expanding population, while more specialized bacteria were favoured with the maturation of the population. This suggests that the observed increase in generalists in the three-month-old children could be due to an immature, expanding gut microbiota population while the increase of specialists at 12 months could be due to population maturation. The simulated and empirical data also correspond with respect to an increased α diversity and a decreased β diversity with the number of simulations and age, respectively. Taken together, game theory simulation of nutrient utilization strategies can therefore provide novel insight into the maturation of the human gut microbiota during infancy.

scholarly journals Contrasting patterns of bacterial communities in the rearing water and gut of Penaeus vannamei in response to exogenous glucose addition

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Haipeng Guo ◽  
Zidan Liu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Glucose Addition ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Α Diversity

AbstractSupplementing exogenous carbon sources is a practical approach to improving shrimp health by manipulating the microbial communities of aquaculture systems. However, little is known about the microbiological processes and mechanisms of these systems. Here, the effects of glucose addition on shrimp growth performance and bacterial communities of the rearing water and the shrimp gut were investigated to address this knowledge gap. The results showed that glucose addition significantly improved the growth and survival of shrimp. Although the α-diversity indices of both bacterioplankton communities and gut microbiota were significantly decreased by adding glucose, both bacterial communities exhibited divergent response patterns to glucose addition. Glucose addition induced a dispersive bacterioplankton community but a more stable gut bacterial community. Bacterial taxa belonging to Ruegeria were significantly enriched by glucose in the guts, especially the operational taxonomic unit 2575 (OTU2575), which showed the highest relative importance to the survival rate and individual weight of shrimp, with the values of 43.8 and 40.6%, respectively. In addition, glucose addition increased the complexity of interspecies interactions within gut bacterial communities and the network nodes from Rhodobacteraceae accounted for higher proportions and linked more with the nodes from other taxa in the glucose addition group than that in control. These findings suggest that glucose addition may provide a more stable gut microbiota for shrimp by increasing the abundance of certain bacterial taxa, such as Ruegeria.

scholarly journals Analyzing Type 2 Diabetes Associations with the Gut Microbiome in Individuals from Two Ethnic Backgrounds Living in the Same Geographic Area

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3289
Author(s):  
Manon Balvers ◽  
Mélanie Deschasaux ◽  
Bert-Jan van den Born ◽  
Koos Zwinderman ◽  
Max Nieuwdorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Functional Pathways ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

It is currently unknown whether associations between gut microbiota composition and type 2 diabetes (T2D) differ according to the ethnic background of individuals. Thus, we studied these associations in participants from two ethnicities characterized by a high T2D prevalence and living in the same geographical area, using the Healthy Life In Urban Settings (HELIUS) study. We included 111 and 128 T2D participants on metformin (Met-T2D), 78 and 49 treatment-naïve T2D (TN-T2D) participants, as well as a 1:1 matched group of healthy controls from, respectively, African Surinamese and South-Asian Surinamese descent. Fecal microbiome profiles were obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Univariate and machine learning analyses were used to explore the associations between T2D and the composition and function of the gut microbiome in both ethnicities, comparing Met-T2D and TN-T2D participants to their respective healthy control. We found a lower α-diversity for South-Asian Surinamese TN-T2D participants but no significant associations between TN-T2D status and the abundance of bacterial taxa or functional pathways. In African Surinamese participants, we did not find any association between TN-T2D status and the gut microbiome. With respect to Met-T2D participants, we identified several bacterial taxa and functional pathways with a significantly altered abundance in both ethnicities. More alterations were observed in South-Asian Surinamese. Some altered taxa and pathways observed in both ethnicities were previously related to metformin use. This included a strong negative association between the abundance of Romboutsia and Met-T2D status. Other bacterial taxa were consistent with previous observations in T2D, including reduced butyrate producers such as Anaerostipes hadrus. Hence, our results highlighted both shared and unique gut microbial biomarkers of Met-T2D in individuals from different ethnicities but living in the same geographical area. Future research using higher-resolution shotgun sequencing is needed to clarify the role of ethnicity in the association between T2D and gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships between efficiency traits and gut microbiota traits in growing pigs fed a conventional or a high fiber diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanille Déru ◽  
Alban Bouquet ◽  
Olivier Zemb ◽  
Benoît Blanchet ◽  
Marie-Léa De Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

In pigs, the gut microbiota composition plays a major role in the process of digestion, but is influenced by many external factors, especially diet. To be used in breeding applications, genotype by diet interactions on microbiota composition have to be quantified, as well as their impact on genetic covariances with feed efficiency (FE) and digestive efficiency (DE) traits. This study aimed at determining the impact of an alternative diet on variance components of microbiota traits (genera and alpha diversity indices), and estimating genetic correlations between microbiota and efficiency traits for pigs fed a conventional (CO) or a high fiber (HF) diet. Fecal microbes of 812 full-siblings fed a CO diet and 752 pigs fed the HF diet were characterized at 16 weeks of age by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 231 genera were identified. Digestibility coefficients of nitrogen, organic matter and energy were predicted analyzing the same fecal samples with near infrared spectrometry. Daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, residual feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) were also recorded. The 71 genera with less than 20% of zeros were retained for genetic analyses. Heritability of microbiota traits were similar between diets (from null to 0.38 +/- 0.12 in the CO diet and to 0.39 +/- 0.12 in the HF diet). Only three out of the 24 genera and two alpha diversity indices with significant heritabilities in both diets had genetic correlations across diets significantly different from 0.99 (P < 0.05), indicating limited genetic by diet interactions for these traits. When both diets were analyzed jointly, 59 genera had heritabilities significantly different from zero. Based on the genetic correlations between these genera and ADG, FE and DE traits, three groups of genera could be identified. A group of 29 genera was favorably correlated with DE and FE traits, 14 genera were unfavorably correlated with DE traits, and the last group of 16 genera had correlations close to zero with production traits. However, genera favorably correlated with DE and FE traits were unfavorably correlated with ADG, and vice versa. Alpha diversity indices had correlation patterns similar to the first group. In the end, genetic by diet interactions on gut microbiota composition of growing pigs were limited in this study. Based on this study, microbiota-based traits could be used as proxies to improve FE and DE in growing pigs.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Profile in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zhuang ◽  
Caiguang Liu ◽  
Shukai Zhan ◽  
Zhenyi Tian ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Pediatric Ibd

Background and Aim: Accumulating evidence have implicated gut microbiota alterations in pediatric and adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the results of different studies are often inconsistent and even contradictory. It is believed that early changes in new-onset and treatment-naïve pediatric patients are more informative. We performed a systematic review to investigate the gut microbiota profiles in pediatric IBD and identify specific microbiota biomarkers associated with this disorder.Methods: Electronic databases were searched from inception to 31 July 2020 for studies that observed gut microbiota alterations in pediatric patients with IBD. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.Results: A total of 41 original studies investigating gut microbiota profiles in pediatric patients with IBD were included in this review. Several studies have reported a decrease in α-diversity and an overall difference in β-diversity. Although no specific gut microbiota alterations were consistently reported, a gain in Enterococcus and a significant decrease in Anaerostipes, Blautia, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospira were found in the majority of the included articles. Moreover, there is insufficient data to show specific microbiota bacteria associated with disease activity, location, and behavior in pediatric IBD.Conclusions: This systematic review identified evidence for differences in the abundance of some bacteria in pediatric patients with IBD when compared to patients without IBD; however, no clear overall conclusion could be drawn from the included studies due to inconsistent results and heterogeneous methodologies. Further studies with large samples that follow more rigorous and standardized methodologies are needed.

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