scholarly journals Detection of Systemic Canine Kobuvirus Infection in Peripheral Tissues and the Central Nervous System of a Fox Infected with Canine Distemper Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2521
Author(s):  
Franziska K. Kaiser ◽  
Lydia van Dyck ◽  
Wendy K. Jo ◽  
Tom Schreiner ◽  
Vanessa M. Pfankuche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Systemic Distribution ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Canine Kobuvirus

Canine kobuvirus (CaKV) is a globally distributed pathogen of dogs and is predominantly associated with infection of the gastrointestinal tract. However, an etiological link to enteric disease has not been established since CaKV has been identified in both asymptomatic dogs and animals with diarrheic symptoms. In this study, an extraintestinal CaKV infection was detected by next-generation sequencing in a fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Germany concomitant with a canine distemper virus (canine morbillivirus; CDV) co-infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete coding region sequence showed that this strain was most closely related to a CaKV strain detected in a dog in the United Kingdom in 2008. The tissue and cellular tropism of CaKV was characterized by the detection of viral antigens and RNA. CaKV RNA was detected by in situ hybridization in different tissues, including epithelial cells of the stomach and ependymal cells in the brain. The use of a new RT-qPCR assay for CaKV confirmed the systemic distribution of CaKV with viral RNA also detected in the lymph nodes, bladder, trachea, and brain. The detection of a CDV infection in this fox suggests that immunosuppression should be further investigated as a contributing factor to the enhanced extraintestinal spread of CaKV.

scholarly journals The nervous form of canine distemper

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Alice Fernandes Alfieri ◽  
Alexandre Mendes Amude ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfier
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Canine distemper is a systemic infection, frequently lethal in dogs. The canine distemper virus(CDV) causes a persistent infection within the central nervous system resulting in aprogressive, multifocal demyelinating disease. In dogs, CDV infection may lead togastrointestinal and/or respiratory signs, frequently with central nervous system involvement.Myoclonus has been a common and characteristic sign observed in dogs with distemperencephalomyelitis. However, the nervous form of distemper may occur in the absence ofmyoclonus and systemic involvement. This review will point the clinical course and theneurological signs of nervous distemper, as well the clinical syndromes of CDV infection,neuropathology of acute and chronic demyelination, and diagnostic aids of CDVencephalomyelitis.

scholarly journals Natural Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Linnaeus’s 2-Toed Sloths (Choloepus didactylus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Watson ◽  
Andrew C. Cushing ◽  
Julie D. Sheldon ◽  
Eman Anis ◽  
Rebecca P. Wilkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lymphoid Depletion ◽  
Viral Sequencing

An outbreak of canine distemper virus in a private zoo in eastern Tennessee in July 2016 led to fatal clinical disease in 5 adult, wild-caught Linnaeus’s 2-toed sloths ( Choloepus didactylus). Clinical signs included hyporexia, lethargy, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and oral and facial ulcers. At necropsy, affected animals had crusts and ulcers on the lips, nose, tongue, and oral cavity. Microscopically, all sloths had widespread, random, hepatic necrosis; lymphoid depletion; and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. The central nervous system did not contain gross or histopathologic lesions in any of the 5 sloths, although immunoreactivity for viral antigen was present within vessel walls. Epithelial cells and histiocytes within numerous organs contained intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions and occasional syncytial cells. Canine distemper virus was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and virus isolation. Viral sequencing identified the novel American-4 strain prevalent in eastern Tennessee wildlife. This is the first pathologic characterization of canine distemper virus infection in sloths (family Choloepodidae, order Pilosa) and emphasizes the significant morbidity and mortality in this species.

scholarly journals Canine distemper virus detection in asymptomatic and non vaccinated dogs

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen L. Del Puerto ◽  
Anilton C. Vasconcelos ◽  
Luciana Moro ◽  
Fabiana Alves ◽  
Gissandra F. Braz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Dissociation Curves

A quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed canine distemper virus presence in peripheral blood samples from asymptomatic and non vaccinated dogs. Samples from eleven domestic dogs with no signs of canine distemper and not vaccinated at the month of collection were used. Canine distemper virus vaccine samples in VERO cells were used as positive controls. RNA was isolated with Trizol®, and treated with a TURBO DNA-free kit. Primers were designed for canine distemper virus nucleocapsid protein coding region fragment amplification (84 bp). Canine b-actin (93 bp) was utilized as the endogenous control for normalization. Quantitative results of real time PCR generated by ABI Prism 7000 SDS Software showed that 54.5% of dogs with asymptomatic canine distemper were positive for canine distemper virus. Dissociation curves confirmed the specificity of the real time PCR fragments. This technique could detect even a few copies of viral RNA and identificate subclinically infected dogs providing accurate diagnosis of this disease at an early stage.

Studies on canine distemper virus persistence in the central nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia F. M�ller ◽  
Rosmarie S. Fatzer ◽  
Karin Beck ◽  
Marc Vandevelde ◽  
Andreas Zurbriggen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Virus Persistence ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Immunopathogenic and Neurological Mechanisms of Canine Distemper Virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otávio Valério Carvalho ◽  
Clarisse Vieira Botelho ◽  
Caroline Gracielle Torres Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Oldemar Scherer ◽  
Jamária Adriana Pinheiro Soares-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), which is a member of theMorbillivirusgenus, Paramyxoviridae family. Animals that most commonly suffer from this disease belong to the Canidae family; however, the spectrum of natural hosts for CDV also includes several other families of the order Carnivora. The infectious disease presents worldwide distribution and maintains a high incidence and high levels of lethality, despite the availability of effective vaccines, and no specific treatment. CDV infection in dogs is characterized by the presentation of systemic and/or neurological courses, and viral persistence in some organs, including the central nervous system (CNS) and lymphoid tissues. An elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in canine distemper disease will lead to a better understanding of the injuries and clinical manifestations caused by CDV. Ultimately, further insight about this disease will enable the improvement of diagnostic methods as well as therapeutic studies.

scholarly journals One-step triplex PCR/RT-PCR to detect canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine kobuvirus

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1040-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafei LIU ◽  
Fei LIU ◽  
Dongchun GUO ◽  
Xiaoliang HU ◽  
Zhijie LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
One Step ◽  
Canine Kobuvirus

Central nervous system lesions caused by canine distemper virus in 4 vaccinated dogs

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110092
Author(s):  
Gimena Feijóo ◽  
Kanji Yamasaki ◽  
Luis Delucchi ◽  
José Manuel Verdes
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
South American ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Type Strains

We examined the cerebellum and cerebrum of 4 vaccinated dogs, 3–60-mo-old, that displayed clinical signs of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection, and died 7–40 d after developing neurologic signs. The main histologic lesions were demyelination, gliosis, meningitis, perivascular lymphocytic cuffing, and inclusion bodies. These lesions were similar in all 4 cases regardless of the time since vaccination, except that meningoencephalitis and gliosis were subacute in 3 dogs and chronic in 1 dog. However, these differences did not appear to be related to their vaccination status. Immunohistologically, a CDV-positive immunoreaction was seen mainly in astrocytes, neurons and their axons, lymphocytes around and in the blood vessels of the pia mater and choroid plexus, ependymal cells of each ventricle, and the cells of the choroid plexus. The histologic and immunohistologic changes were similar in the cerebellum and cerebrum. The genetic characterization of the virus strains in 2 of these naturally occurring canine distemper cases confirmed that they were South American wild-type strains (Kiki and Uy251) belonging to the EU1/SA1 lineage. These strains are not included in the commercial CDV vaccines available in Uruguay.

scholarly journals Expression of canine distemper virus receptor nectin-4 in the central nervous system of dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Watanyoo Pratakpiriya ◽  
Angeline Ping Ping Teh ◽  
Araya Radtanakatikanon ◽  
Nopadon Pirarat ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Virus Receptor ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Early T cell response in the central nervous system in canine distemper virus infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tipold ◽  
P. Moore ◽  
A. Zurbriggen ◽  
I. Burgener ◽  
G. Barben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Apoptotic Investigation of Brain Tissue Cells in Dogs Naturally Infected by Canine Distemper Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoqian Pan ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Feng Yue ◽  
Yanfang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

Abstract Background Canine distemper caused by canine distemper virus that belongs to the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family, is still a global epidemic significant infectious disease, especially in pet dogs in China and Seriously harm to the development of the dog industry. It has been known that Apoptosis caused by canine distemper virus can show in culture cells, lymphoid tissues and cerebellum. however, its occurrence in brain tissue cells remains unclear. In order to investigate the relationship among canine distemper infecting brain tissues, apoptosis in brain tissue cells and demyelinating pathogenesis this study was performed. Methods 16 naturally infected dogs that exhibited clinical signs of CD and tested positive for anti-CDV monoclonal antibody, as well as on six healthy dogs that served as controls were used in the research. Brain specimens were divided into cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum that was embedded in paraffin and made the sections respectively. Approximately 5 µm-thick sections were stained by haematoxylin–eosin, methyl green pyronin, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling technique and immunohistochemistry. CDV nucleocapsid protein was detected by immune streptavidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex. Results alterations in the brain tissues of CDV-infected dogs involved both various cells and nervous fibres. CDV had varying degrees of cytotropism to all brain tissue cells; apoptosis also occurred in all kind of cells in the brain, especially in the endothelia of cerebral vessels, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells, the heavier infection, the more obvious apoptosis. Serious infections also involved the pyramidal and Purkinje cells. The nervous fibres exhibited demyelinating lesions (showed small multifocal vacuole) as well as some neuron axonal atrophy and disappeared gradually (formed large vacuole). Conclusions Apoptosis in brain tissue cells was mainly related to the propagation path and cytotropism of CDV. The apoptosis of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and some neurons may play a significant role in the demyelinating pathogenesis in dogs with acute canine distemper. A lot of diverse nervous signs shown in clinic may be in relation to different neuron apoptosis.

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