scholarly journals Fungal Communities in the Native New Zealand Medicinal Plant Pseudowintera colorata (Horopito) Are Determined by Plant Organ Type and Host Maturity with Key Members Promoting Plant Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Neeraj Purushotham ◽  
Eirian Jones ◽  
Jana Monk ◽  
Hayley Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Set Up

The plant Pseudowintera colorata is well known for its antimicrobial and medicinal properties and is endemic to New Zealand. Using PCR-Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), we investigated the factors influencing the composition of endophytic fungal communities in P. colorata from ten distinct sites across New Zealand. Our results showed that plant organs of P. colorata influenced the diversity and richness of endophytic fungi (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). In addition, plant maturity and its interactions revealed that endophytic fungal communities formed discrete clusters in leaves, stems, and roots of mature and immature P. colorata plants (PERMANOVA; p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively). For identifying isolates with biocontrol potential, dual culture tests were set up against four different phytopathogenic fungi. Isolates with high activity (zone of inhibition >10 mm) were sequenced and identified as Trichoderma harzianum, Pezicula neosporulosa, Fusarium tricinctum, Metarhizium sp., and Chaetomium sp. Applying selected endophytic fungi (n = 7) as soil drenchers significantly increased the growth of P. colorata seedlings and produced more internodes. Seedling shoots treated with Trichoderma sp. PRY2BA21 were 2.2 × longer (8.36 cm) than the untreated controls (3.72 cm). Our results elucidate the main plant factors influencing fungal community composition and demonstrate a role for endophytic fungi in P. colorata growth and further demonstrate that medicinal plants are a rich source of endophytes with potential as biocontrol agents.

Relationship between wood-inhabiting fungi determined by molecular analysis (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and quality of decaying logs

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2384-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Rajala ◽  
Mikko Peltoniemi ◽  
Taina Pennanen ◽  
Raisa Mäkipää
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Important Species ◽  
European Aspen ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Decaying Wood

We investigated the fungal communities inhabiting decaying logs in a seminatural boreal forest stand in relation to host tree species, stage of decay, density, diameter, moisture, C to N ratio, Klason lignin content, and water- and ethanol-soluble extractives. Communities were profiled using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of the rDNA ITS1 region coupled with sequencing of fungal DNA extracted directly from the wood. In addition, polypore fruit bodies were inventoried. Logs from different tree species had different fungal communities and different physicochemical properties (e.g., C to N ratio, density, ethanol extractives, and diameter). Ascomycetes comprised a larger portion of communities inhabiting deciduous birch ( Betula spp.) and European aspen ( Populus tremula L.) logs compared with those living on coniferous Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.). A relationship between mycelial community structure and density of decaying spruce logs suggested a succession of fungi with mass loss of wood. The fruit body inventory underestimated fungal diversity in comparison with the culture-free denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis that also detected inconspicuous but important species inhabiting decaying wood.

Characterization of bacterial and fungal communities in composted biosolids over a 2 year period using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Novinscak ◽  
Nadine J. DeCoste ◽  
Céline Surette ◽  
Martin Filion
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Key Microorganisms

Composting is a microbial process that converts organic waste into a nutrient-rich end product used in horticultural and agricultural applications. The diversity and long-term succession of microorganisms found in composted biosolids has been less characterized than other composts. In this study, bacterial and fungal communities found in composted biosolids aging from 1 to 24 months were studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing. The results revealed high levels of diversity, where 53 bacterial species belonging to 10 phyla and 21 fungal species belonging to 4 phyla were identified. Significant differences were observed when comparing the bacterial DGGE patterns of young compost samples, whereas no differences were observed in samples over 8 months. For fungal patterns, no significant differences were observed during the first 4 months of composting, but the diversity then significantly shifted until 24 months. The results indicate that patterns of bacterial species vary during the first few months of composting, whereas fungal patterns generally vary throughout the whole process, except during early stages. The description of the main microbial groups found in composted biosolids could find various applications, including the discovery of biotechnologically relevant microorganisms and the development of novel markers allowing quantitative monitoring of key microorganisms.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial potential of bacterial endophytes that inhabit New Zealands medicinal plant Pseudowintera colorata

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 444-444
Author(s):  
N. Purushotham ◽  
E.E. Jones ◽  
J. Monk ◽  
H.J. Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Dual Culture Assay ◽  
Future Work

Medicinal plants are valued for the naturally bioactive compounds they produce International research has demonstrated that these plants contain endophytic microorganisms that through close interaction with the plants physiology contribute to the production of host metabolites either directly or via involvement in biochemical pathways Some endophytes can produce bioactive compounds that are either the same or similar to those originating from their host plants Pseudowintera colorata (horopito or NZ pepper tree) an endemic New Zealand plant used in traditional Maori medicine (rongo257;) is recognised for its antimicrobial properties The biologically active chemical constituent polygodial is used for treating candidiasis A total of 340 endophytic bacteria were recovered from surface sterilised horopito leaves stems and roots from nine sites across New Zealand; strains were assessed for their ability to inhibit the phytopathogens Neofusicoccum parvum N luteum Ilyonectria liriodendri Nectria galligena Pectobacterium atrosepticum and P brasiliensis using a dual culture assay Inhibition zones 1048726;3 mm were considered a positive result Out of the strains tested seven showed activity against all the phytopathogenic fungi tested and ten strains were active against at least three phytopathogens Future work will determine if any of the endophytic bacteria produce polygodial

scholarly journals Diversity and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi at Al-Qassim Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Nahla Tharwat Elazab
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Wide Range

In recent year&rsquo;s endophytic fungi has become a major concern on their host plants by enhancing their growth, increasing their fitness, strengthening their tolerances to abiotic and biotic stresses, and promoting their accumulation of secondary metabolites. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a wide range of flora which may be a rich source of endophytic fungi so that, the present study involves diversity and bioactivity of the endophytic fungal community in Al-Qassim region from 15 wild plants 162 isolates were obtained and identified. Among them, the most common isolates were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ochraceous and Trichoderma viride, these four endophytic isolates were examined for its antagonistic effect against six phytopathogenic fungi using two different assays, Dual-culture and Culture filtrate. Trichoderma viride recorded the most significant growth inhibition of almost pathogenic fungi followed by the three endophytic Aspergillus spp. In addition, these four endophytic fungi were screened for the production of some extracellular enzymes such as protease, cellulose, amylase, pectinase and xylanase. Our results show the ability of these isolates to produce these extracellular enzymes so this indicated the possible role of endophytic fungi as a biocontrol agent of plant disease.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of endophytic fungi from torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) antagonist to phytopathogenic fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Lutfia ◽  
Erman Munir ◽  
Yurnaliza Yurnaliza
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Rigidoporus Lignosus ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

Abstract. Lutfia A, Munir E, Yurnaliza. 2020. Molecular identification of endophytic fungi from torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) antagonist to phytopathogenic fungi. Biodiversitas 21: 2681-2689.  Medicinal plants are valuable sources in exploration of endophytic microorganisms. The utilization of culturable endophytes, particularly endophytic fungi in pharmacological aspects has been reported in many literature. Zingiberaceae, being known as one of medicinal plant families, is commonly used in tropical countries, e.g Indonesia to treat health disorders and ailments. However, little information has been reported upon their associative endophytic fungi that may be used as biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic fungi. Efforts to elaborate on the symbiotic relationship between endophytic fungi and host to explain the antifungal ability from endophytes are presented in this study. Six fungal morphotypes were recovered from the rhizome fragment of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior (Jack) RM Smith) sampled from Sibayak forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. All isolates displayed potential antifungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum, Ganoderma boninense, and Rigidoporus lignosus as representative phytopathogens in a dual culture plate assay. All fungal morphotypes were identified based on their 18S rDNA-ITS regions. Molecular identification revealed that most isolates were related to Trichoderma spp. while one isolate was identified as Pestaliotopsis sp. The endophytic assemblage of mostly Trichoderma strains in our study may reveal a mutual relationship of these soil fungi as root colonizer displaying biocontrol properties against phytopathogenic fungi to host.

scholarly journals Effect of Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation on Degradation of Polyurethane Buried in Soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cosgrove ◽  
P. L. McGeechan ◽  
P. S. Handley ◽  
G. D. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Polyurethane Waste ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
Dispersion Agent ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fungal Populations

ABSTRACT This work investigated biostimulation and bioaugmentation as strategies for removing polyurethane (PU) waste in soil. Soil microcosms were biostimulated with the PU dispersion agent “Impranil” and/or yeast extract or were bioaugmented with PU-degrading fungi, and the degradation of subsequently buried PU was determined. Fungal communities in the soil and colonizing buried PU were enumerated on solid media and were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Biostimulation with yeast extract alone or in conjunction with Impranil increased PU degradation 62% compared to the degradation in untreated control soil and was associated with a 45% increase in putative PU degraders colonizing PU. Specific fungi were enriched in soil following biostimulation; however, few of these fungi colonized the surface of buried PU. Fungi used for soil bioaugmentation were cultivated on the surface of sterile wheat to form a mycelium-rich inoculum. Wheat, when added alone to soil, increased PU degradation by 28%, suggesting that wheat biomass had a biostimulating effect. Addition of wheat colonized with Nectria haematococca, Penicillium viridicatum, Penicillium ochrochloron, or an unidentified Mucormycotina sp. increased PU degradation a further 30 to 70%, suggesting that biostimulation and bioaugmentation were operating in concert to enhance PU degradation. Interestingly, few of the inoculated fungi could be detected by DGGE in the soil or on the surface of the PU 4 weeks after inoculation. Bioaugmentation did, however, increase the numbers of indigenous PU-degrading fungi and caused an inoculum-dependent change in the composition of the native fungal populations, which may explain the increased degradation observed. These results demonstrate that both biostimulation and bioaugmentation may be viable tools for the remediation of environments contaminated with polyurethane waste.

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