Antimicrobial potential of bacterial endophytes that inhabit New Zealands medicinal plant Pseudowintera colorata

Medicinal plants are valued for the naturally bioactive compounds they produce International research has demonstrated that these plants contain endophytic microorganisms that through close interaction with the plants physiology contribute to the production of host metabolites either directly or via involvement in biochemical pathways Some endophytes can produce bioactive compounds that are either the same or similar to those originating from their host plants Pseudowintera colorata (horopito or NZ pepper tree) an endemic New Zealand plant used in traditional Maori medicine (rongo257;) is recognised for its antimicrobial properties The biologically active chemical constituent polygodial is used for treating candidiasis A total of 340 endophytic bacteria were recovered from surface sterilised horopito leaves stems and roots from nine sites across New Zealand; strains were assessed for their ability to inhibit the phytopathogens Neofusicoccum parvum N luteum Ilyonectria liriodendri Nectria galligena Pectobacterium atrosepticum and P brasiliensis using a dual culture assay Inhibition zones 1048726;3 mm were considered a positive result Out of the strains tested seven showed activity against all the phytopathogenic fungi tested and ten strains were active against at least three phytopathogens Future work will determine if any of the endophytic bacteria produce polygodial

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Endophytic bacteria isolated from Leptospermum scoparium produce compounds that inhibit Ilyonectria and Neofusicoccum species in vitro

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5852 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 445-445

Author(s):

W.A. Wicaksono ◽

E.E. Jones ◽

J. Monk ◽

H.J. Ridgway

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Essential Oil ◽

International Research ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Antimicrobial Compounds ◽

In Planta ◽

Leptospermum Scoparium

Leptospermum scoparium JRForst et GForst var scoparium or m257;nuka is a New Zealand indigenous shrub This shrub is valued for the essential oil and medicinal honey it produces that have antimicrobial properties International research has demonstrated that endophytic bacteria can either directly produce or modify metabolites in planta Therefore bacteria within the m257;nuka endomicrobiome may also produce antimicrobial compounds A total of 192 endophytic bacteria were recovered from surface sterilised leaf stem and root tissue from three different sites These bacteria were assessed in dual culture assays against the grapevine pathogens Ilyonectria spp and Neofusicoccum spp Eleven and three endophytic bacteria showed ability to inhibit I liriodendri and N luteum respectively These endophytic bacteria produced both diffusible and volatile compounds that inhibited the pathogens Isolate W4R11 inhibited the growth of Ilyonectria spp by 4164 after 7 days incubation Isolate W1R33 could inhibit the faster growing Neofusicoccum spp by 2053 after 3 days incubation Microscopy showed that diffusible compound produced by isolate I1R21 caused hyphae and spore abnormality of Ilyonectria spp This study indicated that m257;nuka can potentially provide a new source of microorganisms for use in sustainable agriculture

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Community Structure, Diversity and Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in the Primitive New Zealand Medicinal Plant Pseudowintera colorata

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9020156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Neeraj Purushotham ◽

Eirian Jones ◽

Jana Monk ◽

Hayley Ridgway

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Shoot Height

Although the importance of the plant microbiome in commercial plant health has been well established, there are limited studies in native medicinal plants. Pseudowintera colorata (horopito) is a native New Zealand medicinal plant recognized for its antimicrobial properties. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and Illumina MiSeq analysis of P. colorata plants from ten sites across New Zealand showed that tissue type strongly influenced the diversity and richness of endophytic bacteria (PERMANOVA, P < 0.05). In addition, two OTUs belonging to the genus Pseudomonas (Greengenes ID: 646549 and 138914) were found to be present in >75% of all P. colorata leaf, stem and root samples and were identified as the members of the P. colorata “core endomicrobiome”. Culture-independent analysis was complemented by the recovery of 405 endophytic bacteria from the tissues of P. colorata. Some of these cultured endophytic bacteria (n = 10) showed high antagonism against four different phytopathogenic fungi tested. The influence of endophytic bacteria on plant growth was assessed by inoculating P. colorata seedlings. The mean shoot height of seedlings treated with Bacillus sp. TP1LA1B were longer (1.83×), had higher shoot dry weight (1.8×) and produced more internodes (1.8×) compared to the control.

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In vitro and in vivo Assay for Assessment of the Biological Control Potential of Streptomyces sp. KT

Journal of Plant Studies ◽

10.5539/jps.v7n1p10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Tatsuya Ohike ◽

Minori Maeda ◽

Tetsuya Matsukawa ◽

Masahiro Okanami ◽

Shin’ichiro Kajiyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Bipolaris Oryzae ◽

Biological Control Potential ◽

Dual Culture Assay

Rhizoctonia solani is fungal plant pathogen that infects many different host plants. Recently, biological control agents that are friendly to the environment and ecosystems have attracted much attention as an alternative to the use of chemical fungicide which have been used worldwide to control soil borne pathogens including R. solani. In this study, 53 strains of actinomycetes isolated from environmental soils, and antifungal activities of them were assessed by the dual culture assay. Strain KT showed strong inhibitory activities against 8 phytopathogenic fungi. A great suppressive effect on R. solani growth was observed in the inoculation test of plants using cucumber and chin-geng-sai. In addition, infection of Bipolaris oryzae also could be suppressed in the detached leaf assay using oats. As a result of genetic analysis, it was shown that KT was a species closely related to Streptomyces lavenduligriseus NRRL B-3173T. However, as far as we know, there is no report for biological control agents using S. lavenduligriseus. This study suggests that the strain KT may useful as biological control agents to suppress various crop diseases.

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Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Healthy Rice Plant against Rice Blast Disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.)

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v2i6.1051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fitri Widiantini ◽

Andri Herdiansyah ◽

Endah Yulia

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Rice Blast ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Pyricularia Oryzae ◽

Rice Blast Disease ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Biocontrol Activity ◽

Dual Culture Assay ◽

Biocontrol Potential

Isolation was attempted to collect endophytic bacteria as potential biocontrol agents against rice blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.). The disease is one of major threats in rice production as it can cause 100% yield loss. Concern on the environment and human health has led to the searching of alternative controlling method to replace the commonly used pesticide-based method. Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that have intimate relationship with their host without inducing any pathogenic symptom. The use of endophytic microbial as biocontrol agent has its own advantages as the microbes are more easily to adapt to the environment needed by the host plant. We evaluated endophytic bacteria isolated from healthy rice plants and tested for their potential biocontrol activity using dual culture assay. Ten isolates were found to inhibit the growth of P. oryzae of more than 50%. Microscopic observation showed that they were able to cause the mycelia malformation of P. oryzae. Further work is currently in progress to determine their effectiveness in the pot trial. Keywords: Endophytic bacteria; Pyricularia oryzae; biocontrol.

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Prediction of bioactive compound activity against wood contaminant fungi using artificial neural networks

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2013-0142 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 985-992 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Henrique Vicente ◽

José C. Roseiro ◽

José M. Arteiro ◽

José Neves ◽

A. Teresa Caldeira

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Artificial Neural Networks ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Blue Stain Fungi ◽

Blue Stain ◽

Artificial Neural

Biopesticides based on natural endophytic bacteria to control plant diseases are an ecological alternative to chemical treatments. Bacillus species produce a wide variety of metabolites with biological activity like iturinic lipopeptides. This work addresses the production of biopesticides based on natural endophytic bacteria isolated from Quercus suber L. Artificial neural networks were used to maximize the percentage of inhibition triggered by the antifungal activity of bioactive compounds produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The active compounds, produced in liquid cultures, inhibited the growth of 15 fungi and exhibited a broader spectrum of antifungal activity against surface contaminant fungi, blue stain fungi, and phytopathogenic fungi. A 19-7-6-1 neural network was selected to predict the percentage of inhibition produced by antifungal bioactive compounds. A good match among the observed and predicted values was obtained with the R2values varying between 0.9965–0.9971 and 0.9974–0.9989 for training and test sets. The 19-7-6-1 neural network was used to establish the dilution rates that maximize the production of antifungal bioactive compounds, namely, 0.25 h−1for surface contaminant fungi, 0.45 h−1for blue stain fungi, and between 0.30 and 0.40 h−1for phytopathogenic fungi. Artificial neural networks show great potential in the modelling and optimization of these bioprocesses.

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Fungal Communities in the Native New Zealand Medicinal Plant Pseudowintera colorata (Horopito) Are Determined by Plant Organ Type and Host Maturity with Key Members Promoting Plant Growth

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9122576 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2576

Author(s):

Neeraj Purushotham ◽

Eirian Jones ◽

Jana Monk ◽

Hayley Ridgway

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Fungal Community Composition ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Set Up

The plant Pseudowintera colorata is well known for its antimicrobial and medicinal properties and is endemic to New Zealand. Using PCR-Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), we investigated the factors influencing the composition of endophytic fungal communities in P. colorata from ten distinct sites across New Zealand. Our results showed that plant organs of P. colorata influenced the diversity and richness of endophytic fungi (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). In addition, plant maturity and its interactions revealed that endophytic fungal communities formed discrete clusters in leaves, stems, and roots of mature and immature P. colorata plants (PERMANOVA; p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively). For identifying isolates with biocontrol potential, dual culture tests were set up against four different phytopathogenic fungi. Isolates with high activity (zone of inhibition >10 mm) were sequenced and identified as Trichoderma harzianum, Pezicula neosporulosa, Fusarium tricinctum, Metarhizium sp., and Chaetomium sp. Applying selected endophytic fungi (n = 7) as soil drenchers significantly increased the growth of P. colorata seedlings and produced more internodes. Seedling shoots treated with Trichoderma sp. PRY2BA21 were 2.2 × longer (8.36 cm) than the untreated controls (3.72 cm). Our results elucidate the main plant factors influencing fungal community composition and demonstrate a role for endophytic fungi in P. colorata growth and further demonstrate that medicinal plants are a rich source of endophytes with potential as biocontrol agents.

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Extraction of Essential Oils from Medicinal Plants and their Utilization as Food Antioxidants

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200121092018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 519-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Giovanna Ferrentino ◽

Ksenia Morozova ◽

Christine Horn ◽

Matteo Scampicchio

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Food Products ◽

Human Diseases ◽

Present Review ◽

Green Technologies

Background: The use of essential oils is receiving increasing attention worldwide, as these oils are good sources of several bioactive compounds. Nowadays essential oils are preferred over synthetic preservatives thanks to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Several studies highlight the beneficial effect of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants to cure human diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, or obesity. However, to preserve their bioactivity, the use of appropriate extraction technologies is required. Method: The present review aims to describe the studies published so far on the essential oils focusing on their sources and chemical composition, the technologies used for their recovery and their application as antioxidants in food products. Results: The review has been structured in three parts. In the first part, the main compounds present in essential oils extracted from medicinal plants have been listed and described. In the second part, the most important technologies used for extraction and distillation, have been presented. In detail, conventional methods have been described and compared with innovative and green technologies. Finally, in the last part, the studies related to the application of essential oils as antioxidants in food products have been reviewed and the main findings discussed in detail. Conclusions: In summary, an overview of the aforementioned subjects is presented by discussing the results of the most recent published studies.

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Facile Bio-Fabrication of Ag-Cu-Co Trimetallic Nanoparticles and Its Fungicidal Activity against Candida auris

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7010062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Majid Rasool Kamli ◽

Vartika Srivastava ◽

Nahid H. Hajrah ◽

Jamal S. M. Sabir ◽

Khalid Rehman Hakeem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Phase Cell ◽

Candida Auris ◽

Medical Problems ◽

One Pot ◽

X Ray

Candida auris is an emergent multidrug-resistant pathogen that can lead to severe bloodstream infections associated with high mortality rates, especially in hospitalized individuals suffering from serious medical problems. As Candida auris is often multidrug-resistant, there is a persistent demand for new antimycotic drugs with novel antifungal action mechanisms. Here, we reported the facile, one-pot, one-step biosynthesis of biologically active Ag-Cu-Co trimetallic nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. These medicinally important phytochemicals act as a reducing agent and stabilize/capping in the nanoparticles’ fabrication process. Fourier Transform-Infrared, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy dispersive X-Ray, X-ray powder diffraction and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements were used to classify the as-synthesized nanoparticles. Moreover, we evaluated the antifungal mechanism of as-synthesized nanoparticles against different clinical isolates of C. auris. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations ranged from 0.39–0.78 μg/mL and 0.78–1.56 μg/mL. Cell count and viability assay further validated the fungicidal potential of Ag-Cu-Co trimetallic nanoparticles. The comprehensive analysis showed that these trimetallic nanoparticles could induce apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in C. auris. Furthermore, Ag-Cu-Co trimetallic nanoparticles exhibit enhanced antimicrobial properties compared to their monometallic counterparts attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag, Cu and Co present in the as-synthesized nanoparticles. Therefore, the present study suggests that the Ag-Cu-Co trimetallic nanoparticles hold the capacity to be a lead for antifungal drug development against C. auris infections.

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Exploitation of Marine-Derived Robust Biological Molecules to Manage Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19040196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Muhammad Bilal ◽

Leonardo Vieira Nunes ◽

Marco Thúlio Saviatto Duarte ◽

Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira ◽

Renato Nery Soriano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Clinical Translation ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Functional Features ◽

Biological Entities ◽

The Impact

Naturally occurring biological entities with extractable and tunable structural and functional characteristics, along with therapeutic attributes, are of supreme interest for strengthening the twenty-first-century biomedical settings. Irrespective of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, traditional medicinal practices to address and manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are inefficient and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. The reasonable immune response or invasion should also be circumvented for successful clinical translation of engineered cues as highly efficient and robust bioactive entities. In this context, research is underway worldwide, and researchers have redirected or regained their interests in valorizing the naturally occurring biological entities/resources, for example, algal biome so-called “treasure of untouched or underexploited sources”. Algal biome from the marine environment is an immense source of excellence that has also been demonstrated as a source of bioactive compounds with unique chemical, structural, and functional features. Moreover, the molecular modeling and synthesis of new drugs based on marine-derived therapeutic and biological cues can show greater efficacy and specificity for the therapeutics. Herein, an effort has been made to cover the existing literature gap on the exploitation of naturally occurring biological entities/resources to address and efficiently manage IBD. Following a brief background study, a focus was given to design characteristics, performance evaluation of engineered cues, and point-of-care IBD therapeutics of diverse bioactive compounds from the algal biome. Noteworthy potentialities of marine-derived biologically active compounds have also been spotlighted to underlying the impact role of bio-active elements with the related pathways. The current review is also focused on the applied standpoint and clinical translation of marine-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives are also given in this review.

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In Vitro Coliform Resistance to Bioactive Compounds in Urinary Infection, Assessed in a Lab Catheterization Model

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4315

Author(s):

Emanuel Vamanu ◽

Laura Dorina Dinu ◽

Cristina Mihaela Luntraru ◽

Alexandru Suciu

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

E Coli ◽

Functional Product ◽

Tract Infections

Bioactive compounds and phenolic compounds are viable alternatives to antibiotics in recurrent urinary tract infections. This study aimed to use a natural functional product, based on the bioactive compounds’ composition, to inhibit the uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. E. coli ATCC 25922 was used to characterize the IVCM (new in vitro catheterization model). As support for reducing bacterial proliferation, the cytotoxicity against a strain of Candida albicans was also determined (over 75% at 1 mg/mL). The results were correlated with the analysis of the distribution of biologically active compounds (trans-ferulic acid-268.44 ± 0.001 mg/100 g extract and an equal quantity of Trans-p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid). A pronounced inhibitory effect against the uropathogenic strain E. coli 317 (4 log copy no./mL after 72 h) was determined. The results showed a targeted response to the product for tested bacterial strains. The importance of research resulted from the easy and fast characterization of the functional product with antimicrobial effect against uropathogenic strains of E. coli. This study demonstrated that the proposed in vitro model was a valuable tool for assessing urinary tract infections with E. coli.

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