scholarly journals Platinum Group Elements in Geosphere and Anthroposphere: Interplay among the Global Reserves, Urban Ores, Markets and Circular Economy

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Burlakovs ◽  
Zane Vincevica-Gaile ◽  
Maris Krievans ◽  
Yahya Jani ◽  
Mika Horttanainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Platinum Group Elements ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Platinum Group

Industrial and strategic significance of platinum group elements (PGEs)—Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt—makes them irreplaceable; furthermore, some PGEs are used by investors as “safe heaven” assets traded in the commodity markets. This review analyzes PGEs from various aspects: their place in the geosphere, destiny in the anthroposphere, and opportunity in the economy considering interactions among the exploration, recycling of urban ores, trade markets, speculative rhetoric, and changes required for successful technological progress towards the implementation of sustainability. The global market of PGEs is driven by several concerns: costs for extraction/recycling; logistics; the demand of industries; policies of waste management. Diversity of application and specific chemical properties, as well as improper waste management, make the recycling of PGEs complicated. The processing approach depends on composition and the amount of available waste material, and so therefore urban ores are a significant source of PGEs, especially when the supply of elements is limited by geopolitical or market tensions. Recycling potential of urban ores is particularly important in a long-term view disregarding short-term economic fluctuations, and it should influence investment flows in the advancement of innovation.

scholarly journals Que fronteiras para a UE?

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (78) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carminda Cavaco
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
New Development ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

This article addresses the identity of Europe, the project and process of the construction of Europe, the successive enlargements and the mobility of external borders from the perspective of a Europe of variable geometries. It attempts to develop the discourse on the “return to Europe” for the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), their movement towards democracy, their difficulties in entering the global market, EU assistance and new development dynamics. Then, the new enlargements for the short-term up to the Adriatic and the Black Sea, with the next countries to be admitted being Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia. Other notes are made on the possibility of other enlargements in the medium- to long-term, by setting the external borders farther to the East, towards Russia and the Caucasus, and to the Middle East, towards Turkey, and to the South, towards North Africa, countries that have a certain “desire for Europe”. The EU attracts with its status of post-modern empire, and it is necessary for Europe to stabilize and modernize its peripheries, without calling into question the EU’s project and with prejudice to strengthening the integration process.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on appetite vary depending upon site and structure

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (S1) ◽  
pp. S23-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen French
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Levels Of Processing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physico Chemical

The present review summarises the effects of different carbohydrate and fat structures on food intake and appetite and the differences in response at various levels of processing of macronutrients. Several physico-chemical properties of carbohydrate and fat molecules appear to influence the short-term satiating properties. However, long-term substantiation of these findings expressed in terms of food intake or body weight is not currently available. Such studies will be required to make clear recommendations regarding dietary composition to aid satiety.

Solubility Modelling of Cements: Implications for Radioactive Waste Immobilisation.

1986 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Glasser ◽  
D.E. Macphee ◽  
E.E. Lachowski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate Hydrate ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Solubility Products ◽  
Compositional Properties ◽  
Cementitious Systems

AbstractThe suitability of cement matrices for the long-term immobilisation of radionuclides cannot be predicted from short-term experimental data alone, because the chemical properties of cementitious systems change continuously over the repository lifetime. To model such changes is complex, so a stepwise approach has been adopted. A chemically simplified model for the solubility and compositional properties of calcium silicate hydrate gels in the system CaO-SiO2 -H20 was previously developed but has now been extended and improved and is applicable to gels in the wider composition range 0.8 < Ca/Si < 1.7. The effects of silicate speciation in aqueous solution on the formation of the solid phase have been more fully considered and the dissolution equilibrium has been revised. Solubility products and free energies of C-S-H formation have been evaluated and predictive applications of the model are discussed.

An innovative experimental device to assess the behavior of a chemical under controlled environmental parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1287-1303
Author(s):  
William Giraud ◽  
Amélie Thomas ◽  
Pierre Richard ◽  
Sophie Chataing ◽  
Stéphane Le Floch
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract (ID 2017-381) Knowledge of the behavior of HNS (Hazardous and Noxious Substances) spilled into the aquatic environment is essential to define appropriate response actions; e.g. deployment of efficient equipment and activation of appropriate procedures. As a first approach, the Standard European Behaviour Classification (SEBC) may be used to acquire global knowledge of the short-term behavior of the chemical spilled, taking into account its basic physical and chemical properties (density, solubility and vapor pressure). However, the SEBC presents several limitations. Indeed, the competition between mass transfer processes (evaporation, dissolution, etc.) is not considered when the behavior of the chemical is theoretically determined from its physical chemical properties alone. Moreover, these measurements are made in standardized conditions (e.g. temperature of 20°C, freshwater) while, depending on its nature, the behavior of a chemical can greatly vary with temperature (e.g. palm oil may be solid under about 25°C) and other environmental parameters (velocity of wind, salinity and suspended matter in the water, etc.). To tackle these issues, Cedre has developed an experimental device able to rapidly determine the behavior of a chemical under some specific environmental conditions. It is composed of a 80 L tank, specially equipped with a wind generator and a lamp, in order to reproduce some critical environmental parameters: water temperature, velocity of wind and solar radiation. After pouring the chemical onto the surface of the fresh or salt water, under the fixed controlled parameters mentioned above, the concentration of the studied chemical is monitored over time, in both the air and water compartments. These measurements can be used to characterize the short-term behavior of a chemical in specific controlled conditions and thus to compare it to the behavior estimated from the SEBC. Such a tool could be of a considerable interest for responders. In the framework of the preparation of contingency plans, the response to a specific chemical can be optimized by performing experimentations covering a wide range of environmental conditions. In the event of a spill, specific conditions can be immediately reproduced to support responders and authorities who may have to take strategic decisions. The whole experimental device will be presented, including the tools and procedures to reproduce the environmental conditions. Then, initial results obtained with different chemicals will be presented.

scholarly journals Investigation of Co-Integration between Standard and Poor Index and Dow Jones Index in the New York Financial Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Ateyah Alawneh
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Global Market ◽  
International Financial Markets ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Jones Index ◽  
Integration Test

The study investigates the co-integration between (the S&P 500 index)and (Dow Jones index) the DJIA by busing the method Engle-granger co-integration Test. The study use annual data from 1990 to 2016.The study examines the stability of the index of S&P 500 and DJIA using the E-views program through a unit root test. The study found that the indicators are unstable, but they become stable when taking the first difference. This condition integrates (the S&P 500 index) and (the DJIA index) during the long-term co-integration test. The analysis shows that there is a negative co-integration between the two variables. It should be emphasized that the short-term dynamic analysis showed a positive co-integration between both indexes. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to take into account the long-term negative co-integration between (the S&P 500 index) and (the DJIA index) by investors in the New York market. Also, the study considers short-term positive integration between (the S&P 500 index) and (DJIA index), which turns into a negative relationship in the long term when  taking into account the markets linked with the New York market as a major global market and other international financial markets when making any financial investment. The result of this study could help users of major international financial markets in investment diversification to reduce risk.

When lock-ins impede value co-creation in service

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Svingstedt ◽  
Hervé Corvellec
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Prevention ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate the relevance of identifying lock-ins that characterise a service, showing how lock-ins or impediments reinforce the status quo and prevent change. It provides an understanding of the factors hindering the development of value co-creation in this service. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on 19 semi-structured interviews with representatives of the Swedish waste management industry. It focusses on the difficulties that waste management companies encounter when they try to collaborate with their industrial customers to develop waste prevention services. Findings Four lock-ins that impede collaborative ways of working are identified: a business model based on short-term transactions rather than long-term relationships, a low level of self-confidence among waste managers regarding their competence to offer waste prevention services, non-supportive legal and economic institutional factors and existing waste processing infrastructures. Research limitations/implications Based on a case of waste services and to provide a better understanding of the rationale of value co-creation, this paper points to the generic relevance of investigating situations in which value co-creation encounters difficulties. Practical implications The authors identify the fact that lock-ins impeding value co-creation can act as a roadmap for the development of new services. Originality/value By focusing on a case of unsuccessful value co-creation, the paper offers a counterpoint to cases of successful value co-creation.

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