scholarly journals Jurassic Non-Carbonate Microbialites from the Betic-Rifian Cordillera (Tethys Western End): Textures, Mineralogy, and Environmental Reconstruction

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Matías Reolid ◽  
Isabel Abad
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Pillow Lava ◽  
Environmental Reconstruction ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Volcanic Deposits ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions ◽  
Benthic Microbial Communities ◽  
Submarine Caves

The term microbialite is commonly applied for describing carbonate organo-sedimentary deposits that have accreted as a result of the activity of benthic microbial communities (BMC). However, non-carbonate microbialites are progressively well-known and show a great diversity of organisms, processes, and mineralogical compositions. This article reviews three types of Jurassic microbialites from four different environmental contexts from the Betic-Rifian Cordillera (South Spain and North Morocco): marine hardgrounds, submarine caves, hydrothermal vents, and submarine volcanic deposits. The Middle-Late Jurassic transition in the External Subbetic (Betic Cordillera) and the Jbel Moussa Group (Rifian Calcareous Chain) was characterized by the fragmentation of the carbonate epicontinental platforms that favored these different settings: (A) Many stratigraphic breaks are recorded as hardgrounds with surficial hydrogenetic Fe crusts and macro-oncoids related to chemo-organotrophic behavior of BMC that served as a specific trap for Fe and Mn enrichment; (B) Cryptic hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts (or endostromatolites) grew in the walls of submarine cavities and fractures mainly constituted by Frutexites (chemosynthetic and cryptobiontic microorganism) locally associated to serpulids; (C) Hydrothermal Mn crusts are mainly constituted by different types of filaments and bacillus-shaped bacteria, whose mineralogy and geochemistry point to a submarine hydrothermal origin; (D) Finally, glauconite laminated crusts, constituted by branched cylindrical filaments, have grown in cryptic spaces among the pillow-lava bodies, probably related to the metabolism of chemo-organotrophic microbes under oxic conditions at temperatures between 30 and 90 °C. In most of the cases described in this work, microbial organisms forming microbialites were extremophiles.

scholarly journals Paleogeography of the Bazhenov formation of West Siberia according to the distribution of rare earth elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
K. S. Ivanov ◽  
V. A. Volkov ◽  
N. V. Vakhrusheva
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Bazhenov Formation ◽  
East Siberian Sea ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Deep Water Part

The Bazhenov formation is presented by the Late Jurassic black shales. Russia is on the first place on the reserves of “shale oil” that is mostly connected with the Bazhenov formation. For the reconstructions of sedimentation environments of the main types of the formation rocks the REE distributions have been used. The results point out to the formation of the Bazhenov deposits in relatively shallow environments - within the limits of inner and outer shelf of the epicontinental sea, the type of the Kara or East-Siberian Sea, relatively deep-water part of which is located north of the Latitudinal Priobye. These results confirm some previous estimates, but have been obtained on the base of quite different independent data. The geochemical study of different types of rocks of the Bazhenov formation gave the identical results that testify in favor of reliability of the results obtained.

scholarly journals Trans-border (north-east Serbia/north-west Bulgaria) correlations of the Jurassic lithostratigraphic units

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Platon Tchoumatchenco ◽  
Dragoman Rabrenovic ◽  
Vladan Radulovic ◽  
Nenad Malesevic ◽  
Barbara Radulovic
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
North West ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
North East ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Moesian Platform ◽  
Platform Carbonates ◽  
Shallow Water Sediments ◽  
Different Parts

Herein, correlations of the Jurassic sediments from NE Serbia with those of NW Bulgaria are made. The following Jurassic palaeogeographic units: the Eastern Getic, the Infra-Getic and the Moesian Platform are included in the study. The East Getic was studied in the outcrops near Rgotina, where the sedimentation started in the Hettangian and continued during the Callovian-Late Jurassic and is represented by platform carbonates. The Infra-Getic is documented by the sections of Dobra (Pesaca) and the allochtonous sediments near the Stubik. Very important for the Infra-Getic are the Late Jurassic volcano-sedimentary deposits of the Vratarnica Series, which crop out near Vratarnica Village. The Jurassic Moesian platform was studied in the sections near D. Milanovac and Novo Korito (Serbia) and in their prolongation in NW Bulgaria into the Gornobelotintsi palaeograben. Very important are the correlation in the region of Vrska Cuka (Serbia) and Vrashka Chuka (Bulgaria) - Rabisha Village (Magura Cave). A revision of the Jurassic sediments on the Vidin palaeohorst, which were studied in the Belogradchik palaeohorst, Gorno-Belotintsi palaeograben, Belimel palaeohorst and the Mihaylovgrad palaeograben, is made. The sedimentation on the Vidin palaeohorst started during different parts of the Middle Jurassic, and in the Mihaylovgrad palaeograben during the Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) where the sediments were deposited in relatively deeper water conditions. To south, the relatively shallow water sediments deposited on the Jurassic Vratsa palaeohorst on the southern board of the Mihaylovgrad palaeograben are described.

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous sandstones of Algan formation: composition, genesis, sources (North-West of Koryak Highland)

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
M. U. Gushchina ◽  
A. V. Moiseev ◽  
M. I. Tuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

The article presents the results of studying the petrographic and mineralogical compositions of the sandstones of the Algan formation. Sandstones represented by pelitic-fine-medium-grained quartz-feldspar lithic arenites. Two tectonically combined sandstones lithotypes found. Lithotypes were formed in two heterochronous basins by high-speed and medium-speed turbidity flows, in moderately deep marine environments, in a relatively small distance from the coast. Sedimentation was near the deltas and prodeltas. The sources of these basins were different, related to the heterochronous volcanic areas in the north of the researched region.

The Aunei floristic assemblage from the upper Cretaceous volcanic deposits of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt

Palaeobotany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 96-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Golovneva ◽  
S. V. Shczepetov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Volcanogenic Belt ◽  
Volcanic Deposits

The Aunei floristic assemblage comes from volcanic-sedimentary deposits of the Aunei unit. The locality is situated in the middle course of the Eropol River (Anadyr River basin). This area belongs to the Anadyr segment of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt (Belyi, 1977). The Aunei floristic assemblage consists of 21 species. Among them gymnosperms (Phoenicopsis ex gr. angustifolia Heer, Podozamites sp., Elatocladus zheltovskii Philipp., Elatocladus sp., Araucarites subacutensis Philipp., Sequoia sp., Metasequoia sp., Cupressinocladus sp., Pityophyllum sp., Pityostrobus sp., Pityolepis sp.) predominate. Ferns (Tchaunia tchaunensis Samyl. et Philipp., Kolymella raevskii Samyl. et Philipp., Cladophlebis tschuktschorum Philipp.) and angiosperms (Trochodendroides microphylla Philipp., Trochodendroides sp. 1, 2, Dicotylophyllum nanum Golovn., Dicotylophyllum sp. 1, 2, Quereuxia angulata (Newb.) Krysht. ex Baik.) are not abundant. This assemblage is characterized by presence of the Early Cretaceous relicts (Phoenicopsis and Podozamites), by rarity of angiosperms and by small sizes of their leaves. Taxonomic composition of the Aunei floristic assemblage most closely resembles the composition of the Chaun flora, which comes from the Coniacian deposits of the Chaun Group of Central Chukotka. From 21 species of the Aunei assemblage 14 species are common with the Chaun ones. Among them there are the characteristic endemic plants of the Chaun flora: Tchaunia tchaunensis, Kolymella raevskii, Araucarites subacutensis, Elatocladus zheltovskii, Trochodendroides microphylla. The great systematic similarity of these floras indicate that they were even-aged and belonged to the single regional Chaun flora, which was distributed not only at Central Chukotka but also at area of the Anadyr segment of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt. Age of the Aunei floristic assemblage is also determined as the Coniacian.

scholarly journals Assessment on the Characterization of Mineralogical Phase of Ceramic Tiles Available in Kathmandu Valley (Nepal) Using XRD and FTIR Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Budhathoki ◽  
Gopal Paudyal ◽  
Rishiram Oli ◽  
Nirjan Duwal ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Mineralogical Phase ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions ◽  
Mineralogical Phases

The mineralogical phase of eight different types of contemporary and historical ceramic tile samples used in Kathmandu valley of Nepal was analyzed using their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra to assess their quality. Mineralogical phases existed in these eight different tile samples, i. e., three wall, three floor and two ancient tile sample specimens, used in this study are identified as quartz, feldspars, spinel, mullite and hematite including paragonite with the help of the corresponding Joint Committee for Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) database files. The firing temperature applied during the time of these ceramic tiles production should be 1000° C or slightly more. The mineralogical compositions of the contemporary tile samples are found to be comparable with those of the ancient brick samples of the historical temples and monuments of Kathmandu valley of Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 238-243

Genesis of kaolinite from Albian sedimentary deposits of the Iberian Range (NE Spain): analysis by XRD, SEM and TEM

Clay Minerals ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bauluz ◽  
M. J. Mayayo ◽  
A. Yuste ◽  
J. M. González López
Keyword(s):  
Source Area ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Feldspar Dissolution ◽  
Ne Spain

AbstractThe kaolinite from Albian sedimentary deposits (Escucha and Utrillas Formations) of the Iberian Range (Spain) have been investigated. This research has shown the presence of different types of kaolinites (detrital and diagenetic) along with micaceous phases in these deposits. Detrital kaolinites show anhedral morphology, low crystallinity and a degree of ordering as well as the presence of interstratified smectite layers. They constitute the matrix of the claystones and siltstones and were probably formed as a consequence of intense weathering processes in the source area during the warm period of the early Cretaceous. Diagenetic kaolinites have been recognized in the sandstones and siltstones, with kaolinite growing between ‘expanded’ mica flakes and vermiform and euhedral kaolinite forming the matrix. They have euhedral morphologies, high crystallinity and a high degree of ordering. They grewin situas a response to incipient diagenesis by K-feldspar dissolution and/or organic acid-rich fluids derived from the maturation of organic matter in shales.

scholarly journals Sedimentary organic matter as a proficient tool for the palaeoenvironmental and palaeodepositional settings on Gondwana coal deposits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Matter ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Continental Deposits ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anoxic Environment ◽  
Gondwana Sediments

AbstractPalynofacies is based on the different types of the dispersed/sedimentary organic matter (DOM/SOM) and has been used as a proficient proxy for the palaeoclimatic reconstructions in sedimentary deposits of various time spans. It has also been acknowledged as an effective tool in the different domains like sequence biostratigraphy, palyno-biostratigraphy, palaeodepositional history, identification for depositional processes, oxic–anoxic environment, and variations in the water depth. It has been emerged as an analytical tool in palaeoclimatic reconstruction, which could complement geophysical and geochemical datasets. Since long palynofacies analysis has been exclusively applied in the marine sediments, it has recently dragged the attention of many researchers as a significant parameter for palaeoclimatic interpretation in continental deposits. In the last few decades, more consideration was focused on palynofacies that have become an essential proxy in the biostratigraphic and other non-biostratigraphic fields due to its requirement in the petroleum industries. The present study provides a basic idea of dispersed organic matter characterization, methodology, interpretations, and its application with special emphasis on the Gondwana deposits. The study also includes the summary of the worldwide distribution of the Gondwana sediments, especially for palaeodepositional settings through palynofacies along with other parameters.

Micromolluscs in Japan: taxonomic composition, habitats, and future topics

Zoosymposia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 147-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKENORI SASAKI
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Current State ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Intensive Sampling ◽  
Submarine Caves ◽  
Future Topics

Studies of micromolluscs are essential in the malacology of the 21st century. Our understanding of molluscs has been chiefl y based on large-sized species, and there are little-known taxa that comprise only of small-sized species. In Japan, an obvious change occurred from classic conchology to more advanced microscopic work in the 1990s, but further research must be accelerated to reveal the entire fauna. In this review, a summary of the current state of knowledge is given for all known micromolluscan families distributed in Japan. Since the 1990s new micromolluscs have been described from various microhabitats such as the undersides of half-buried boulders, burrows of other invertebrates, submarine caves, sunken wood, deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. These are promising habitats for more intensive sampling in addition to unexplored environments. Basic taxonomy is still necessary in advancing biological studies at all levels including anatomy, molecular phylogenetics, development, ecology, and paleontology. The importance of micromolluscs is also rising in the fi eld of conservation biology, especially with regard to endangered and introduced species. The genus Lepetella (Lepetellidae) is recorded for the fi rst time from Japan.

Phylogeny, biogeography and systematics of Pacific vent, methane seep, and whale-fall Parougia (Dorvilleidae : Annelida), with eight new species

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Nicole K. Yen ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Methane Seep ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Dorvilleidae is a diverse group of annelids found in many marine environments and also commonly associated with chemosynthetic habitats. One dorvilleid genus, Parougia, currently has 11 described species, of which two are found at vents or seeps: Parougia wolfi and Parougia oregonensis. Eight new Parougia species are recognised and described in this study from collections in the Pacific Ocean, all from whale-falls, hydrothermal vents, or methane seeps at ~600-m depth or greater. The specimens were studied using morphology and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome b) and nuclear (18S rRNA and histone 3) genes. Six sympatric Parougia spp. were found at Hydrate Ridge, Oregon, while three of the Parougia species occurred at different types of chemosynthetic habitats. Two new species were found over wide geographical and bathymetric ranges. Another dorvilleid genus, Ophryotrocha, has previously been highlighted as diversifying in the deep-sea environment. Our results document the hitherto unknown diversity of another dorvilleid genus, Parougia, at various chemosynthetic environments. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EC7EBBEA-2FB5-43D6-BE53-1A468B541A5C

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