Geological Mapping and Characterization of Possible Primary Input Materials for the Mineral Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide in Europe

This work investigates the possible mineral input materials for the process of mineral sequestration through the carbonation of magnesium or calcium silicates under high pressure and high temperatures in an autoclave. The choice of input materials that are covered by this study represents more than 50% of the global peridotite production. Reaction products are amorphous silica and magnesite or calcite, respectively. Potential sources of magnesium silicate containing materials in Europe have been investigated in regards to their availability and capability for the process and their harmlessness concerning asbestos content. Therefore, characterization by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and QEMSCAN® was performed to gather information before the selection of specific material for the mineral sequestration. The objective of the following carbonation is the storage of a maximum amount of CO2 and the utilization of products as pozzolanic material or as fillers for the cement industry, which substantially contributes to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The characterization of the potential mineral resources for mineral sequestration in Europe with a focus on the forsterite content led to a selection of specific input materials for the carbonation tests. The mineralogical analysis of an Italian olivine sample before and after the carbonation process states the reasons for the performed evaluation. The given data serves as an example of the input material suitability of all the collected mineral samples. Additionally, the possible conversion of natural asbestos occurring in minerals as a side effect of the carbonation process is taken into consideration.

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Characterization of secondary deposits of columbite-tantalite minerals found in the city of Rorainópolis (RR), Brazil

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss4.2299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 450-468

Author(s):

Anna Caroline Andrade Pinto ◽

Tiago Felipe Arruda Maia

Keyword(s):

Scientific Community ◽

Research Work ◽

Geological Mapping ◽

Mineral Deposits ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Source Areas ◽

The City ◽

Petrographic Description

Many of the studies about mineral deposits are bringing great information to the scientific community, providing, for example, general characteristics of these deposits, possible source areas and its used in some cases as prospective tools to help in geological mapping. In this way, this study aimed to characterize the alluvial secondary deposits of columbite-tantalite that were found near vicinal 12, about 50km north/northeast of Rorainópolis city, between the BR-174 and BR-210 roads, in the state of Roraima (Brazil), bases on 4 samples that were brought by a resident of the region. To fulfill these objectives, some chemical and mineralogical methods were performed, like: magnetic separation, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and petrographic description. The deposits of the region end up being characterized by having a large amount of Fe and Ti (mostly), containing in some places also a large concentration of Niobium and Tantalum. Not all samples have columbite-tantalite, showing that their concentration in some areas of the deposit is quite low. There are samples with less than 1% Nb and Ta and also samples with more than 20% Nb and 6% Ta concentration. These minerals were poorly transported, being identified by the degree of roundness and granulometry of the samples. A weathering cap on some minerals could also be verified. This research work turned out to be relevant, as it provides new data that add to the knowledge of the mineral potential, which has not been fully explored yet.

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Microstructure Characterization of the Reaction Interface between CBN Grain and Titanium-Deposited Film

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.166 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 538-541 ◽

pp. 166-171

Author(s):

Wen Feng Ding ◽

Yang Min Liang ◽

Jian He ◽

Li Tang ◽

Jie Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heating Temperature ◽

Cubic Boron Nitride ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Reaction Products ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Energy Dispersion Spectrometer ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Deposited Film

Cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasive grains with surface titanium-deposited film were heat-treated during 550-950°C for 60 min under high vacuum circumstance. Detailed interfacial compounds analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicates that the interfacial reactions are much dependent on the heating temperature to some extents, and the reaction products, TiN, TiB2 and TiB chiefly form the network structure. In particular, at 950°C the transition layers with excellent performance, CBN/TiB2/TiB/(TiB+TiN)/TiN/CBN, is realized.

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Application of Gandolfi X-Ray Diffraction to the Characterization of Reaction Products from the Alteration of Simulated Nuclear Wastes

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800007424 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 265-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. A. F. Anderson ◽

M. E. Zolensky ◽

D. K. Smith ◽

W. P. Freeborn ◽

B. E. Scheetz

Keyword(s):

Powder Diffraction ◽

Individual Particle ◽

Nuclear Wastes ◽

Reaction Products ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

The Individual ◽

Individual Grains ◽

Phase Characterization

AbstractAccurate phase characterization of the alteration products of rad-waste requires the separation and identification of scattered individual grains from among the bulk product. These grains are typically 5 to 100 μm in size. Bulk x-ray powder diffraction will normally not detect these minor phases, and even if the phase can be detected, it often may not be identifiable. The use of the Gandolfi technique with the individual particle not only facilitates the identification, but also allows the assignment of the identification to the specific grain.

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Structural Characterization of the Reaction Products of Vanadium(II) and Endrin as 2 Isomers of 1,8,exo-9,10,11-Pentachloropentacyclo[6.2.1.13,6.02,7.04,10]dodecan-5-one

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch9890959 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 959

Author(s):

DE Clegg ◽

PC Healy ◽

GJ Patch ◽

BW Skelton ◽

AH White

Keyword(s):

Single Crystal ◽

Structural Characterization ◽

Structure Determination ◽

Title Compound ◽

Reaction Products ◽

X Ray

Two dechlorinated products (B) and (D), formed in the reaction between endrin (C12H8Cl6O) and vanadium(II) for the purpose of confirmation of identity, are shown by single-crystal X-ray structure determination to be isomers of the title compound, C12H9Cl5O. Crystals of both are monoclinic, P21/c. For isomer (B), a 7.432(8), b 12.76(1), c 14.55(2) � , β 108.32(9)�, Z=4; R was 0.038 for 2594 observed reflections. For isomer (D), a 9.037(4), b 12.004(4), c 14.436(6) � , β 124.91(2)°, Z= 4; R was 0.041 for 1826 reflections. The geometries of the two isomers are compared.

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Petrographic and Chemical–Mineralogical Characterization of Mortars from the Cistern at Amaiur Castle (Navarre, Spain)

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10040311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 311 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Graciela Ponce-Antón ◽

Maria Cruz Zuluaga ◽

Luis Angel Ortega ◽

Juantxo Agirre Mauleon

Keyword(s):

Organic Additive ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Rock Fragments ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Aggregate Nature ◽

Specific Construction ◽

Selection Of

Mortars from the cistern in Amaiur Castle (Navarre, Spain) were analysed to assess the mortar manufacturing process and application techniques. To this end, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman microspectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed. The study of both structural and plaster mortars from Amaiur Castle cistern show patterns/rules in the mortar manufacture according to the specific construction requirements. A multilayer application technique was used for the construction of the cistern tank. Deliberate selection of the aggregate nature and grading contributed to mortar impermeability. Ceramic and silico-aluminous rock fragments were used as aggregates in the cistern tank to confer hydraulicity to the mortars, instead of carbonated aggregates as used in the vault. Aluminosilicated phases present in the aggregates led to the formation of amesite, which is a magnesium aluminosilicate hydrate (M-A-S-H) phase conferring hydraulicity to the mortar. Two types of additives were identified in the outer pigmented layer of plaster. Beeswax was the identified organic additive used to improve the impermeability of mortar, while hematite was the identified inorganic additive giving rise to the reddish colour of the layer.

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Synthesis and crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational characterization of 3,3′,4,4′-substituted biphenyls: effects of OR substituents on the intra-ring torsion angle

Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science Crystal Engineering and Materials ◽

10.1107/s2052520620004102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 366-377

Author(s):

Nahir Vadra ◽

Sebastian A. Suarez ◽

Leonardo D. Slep ◽

Veronica E. Manzano ◽

Emilia B. Halac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Mechanics ◽

Torsion Angle ◽

Liquid State ◽

Molecular Conformation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Aromatic Rings ◽

Molecular Conformations ◽

X Ray ◽

Selection Of

Presented here are the synthesis, characterization and study (using single crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, quantum mechanics calculations) of the structures of a series of biphenyls substituted in positions 3, 3′, 4 and 4′ with a variety of R (R = methyl, acetyl, hexyl) groups connected to the biphenyl core through oxygen atoms. The molecular conformation, particularly the torsion angle between aromatic rings has been extensively studied both in the solid as well as in the liquid state. The results show that the compounds appearing as rigorously planar in the solid present instead a twisted conformation in the melt. The solid versus melt issue strongly suggests that the reasons for planarity are to be found in the packing restraints. A `rule of thumb' is suggested for the design of biphenyls with different molecular conformations, based on the selection of the OR substituent.

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Characterization of Portuguese gypsums as raw materials for dermocosmetics

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/clm.2019.36 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 277-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cristiana Costa ◽

António Fortes ◽

Fernando Rocha ◽

Angela Cerqueira ◽

Delfim Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Oil Absorption ◽

Chemical Quality ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

White Cement ◽

Wet Sieving

AbstractPortuguese gypsum deposits utilized by the cement industry were characterized mineralogically, chemically and technologically for possible application in dermocosmetics. The deposits studied (Loulé, Óbidos and Soure) correspond to small outcrops in diapiric anticline areas. In principle, they represent gypsites which are white, and generally of higher quality for traditional applications (e.g. white cement), or greyish, and generally not adequate for cements and mortars. The analytical methods used to characterize the materials were wet sieving and X-ray sedimentation, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and assessment of abrasiveness, plasticity, texturometrics (adhesivity and firmness), oil absorption and cooling rate. The Óbidos gypsum displayed greater mineralogical and chemical quality (almost pure calcium sulfate) and had a finer grain size (<63 μm), whereas Loulé and Soure gypsums contain mineralogical impurities (mainly quartz). The Óbidos gypsum shows good characteristics in general for application in dermocosmetics because of its absorption, plasticity, adhesivity, firmness and low abrasiveness.

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Characterization of Perovskite-Like Substrates for Thin Film Superconductors using Synchrotron X-Ray Topography

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800008909 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 35 (A) ◽

pp. 255-261

Author(s):

G.-D. Yao ◽

S.Y. Hon ◽

M. Dudley ◽

Julia M. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Defect Formation ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Substrate Material ◽

Formation Mechanisms ◽

X Ray ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Insight Into ◽

Selection Of ◽

Potential Substrate

AbstractThe characterization of defect configurations in various perovskite-like substrate materials for high Tc superconductor epitaxial films has been conducted using white beam synchrotron X-ray topography. The substrates were found to contain crystal lattice defects such as twins, dislocations and grain boundaries. It is shown that characterization of substrates can potentially afford insight into factors controlling the properties of the high Tc superconductor tilms supported on them. This can help in the selection of optimum substrate material. Defect formation mechanisms in individual materials as well as their respective influences on the films are discussed. Comparisons between the physical and chemical properties of several potential substrate materials are presented.

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Revealing the Organic Dye and Mordant Composition of Paracas Textiles by a Combined Analytical Approach

10.21203/rs.3.rs-50791/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Sabatini ◽

Martina Bacigalupo ◽

Ilaria Degano ◽

Anna Javér ◽

Marei Hacke

Keyword(s):

Analytical Approach ◽

High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽

Organic Dye ◽

Array Detector ◽

Elemental Distribution ◽

South American ◽

Diode Array Detector ◽

X Ray ◽

Selection Of

Abstract The object of this study is a wide selection of cotton and camelid samples from an important collection of 2000-year-old Paracas textiles, now at the Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia del Perú (MNAAHP; Lima; Peru) and at the National Museum of World Culture (NMWC; Gothenburg; Sweden). The threads, chosen as representative of the whole palette, were selected from eighteen different textiles. A combined spectroscopic and spectrometric analytical approach was selected to characterize the composition of this wide set of samples. In particular, technical photography was used to gain a general overview of the samples, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was employed for identifying the mordants and mapping the elemental distribution in the threads, while Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detector and with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD, HPLC-HRMS) were used for characterizing organic dye composition. This study provides fundamental pieces of information on the mordants used in the dyeing processes, rarely investigated up to now, and to the varieties of vegetal sources employed in Paracas textiles. The widening of Andean dyestuff database is highly important not only to acquire knowledge on Paracas culture, but also to ease the dye characterization of archaeological textiles from Peruvian region and South American area region in general.

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