scholarly journals Petrographic and Chemical–Mineralogical Characterization of Mortars from the Cistern at Amaiur Castle (Navarre, Spain)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Ponce-Antón ◽  
Maria Cruz Zuluaga ◽  
Luis Angel Ortega ◽  
Juantxo Agirre Mauleon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Additive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Aggregate Nature ◽  
Specific Construction ◽  
Selection Of

Mortars from the cistern in Amaiur Castle (Navarre, Spain) were analysed to assess the mortar manufacturing process and application techniques. To this end, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman microspectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed. The study of both structural and plaster mortars from Amaiur Castle cistern show patterns/rules in the mortar manufacture according to the specific construction requirements. A multilayer application technique was used for the construction of the cistern tank. Deliberate selection of the aggregate nature and grading contributed to mortar impermeability. Ceramic and silico-aluminous rock fragments were used as aggregates in the cistern tank to confer hydraulicity to the mortars, instead of carbonated aggregates as used in the vault. Aluminosilicated phases present in the aggregates led to the formation of amesite, which is a magnesium aluminosilicate hydrate (M-A-S-H) phase conferring hydraulicity to the mortar. Two types of additives were identified in the outer pigmented layer of plaster. Beeswax was the identified organic additive used to improve the impermeability of mortar, while hematite was the identified inorganic additive giving rise to the reddish colour of the layer.

Performance of Precursor Materials and Fired Ceramics for Structural Blocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Neila Gondim Azeredo ◽  
Euzébio Barnabé Zanelato ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Gustavo de Castro Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Construction ◽  
Structural Ceramic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Ceramic Blocks ◽  
Clay Body ◽  
Structural Blocks

The physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of a precursor clay body before firing is of relevance for understanding the technological performance of the fired clay ceramic. In particular, structural clay ceramic blocks used in building construction need to attend standard properties specified by the norms. In the present work the precursor clay body, typically used to fabricate structural blocks in Campos dos Goytacazes, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was characterized in terms of particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, chemical composition and Atterberg limits. In addition, the performance of structural ceramic blocks, fabricated from the extruded clay body and fired at 850oC, was evaluated. The results indicated that the ceramic mechanical strength complies with the Brazilian norm but the water absorption is higher than the maximum specified by the norm. The characteristic of the clay body contribute to justify the structural blocks performance.

Physico-Mineralogical Characterization: Bentonitic Clays Recently Found in Olivedos, Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
F.K.A. Sousa ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
W.S. Cavalcanti ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
The Town

Used in various branches of the industry, bentonitic clays are considered a valuable mineral, used specially in the petroleum industry for manufacturing of fluids used the drilling of petroleum wells in long depth. Recently, a deposit of this valuable mineral was discovered in the town of Olivedos-PB. There are data that prove that this is a very poor and underdeveloped town. So, this work aims at the physico-mineralogical characterization of clays recently discovered and, this way, verify if they present similar characteristics which allow them to replace the clays from Boa Vista-PB, and if they can be used by the industry, thus bringing social development for that town. The characterization was made by means of the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), thermogravimetric and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results show that the clays recently discovered in Olivedos-PB are polycationic clays, presenting MgO, CaO and K2O content, and that they are constituted by smectitic clay mineral, by quartz and kaolinite.

scholarly journals Mineralogical, Physicochemical and Morphological Characterization of Okpella Clay

Mining Revue ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Salahudeen ◽  
Aminat Oluwafisayo Abodunrin
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Fluorescence Analyzer

Abstract Local clay mineral was mined from Okpella Town, Etsako Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Mineralogical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray diffraction analyzer. Chemical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analyzer and the pH analysis of the clay was carried out using pH meter. The mineralogical analysis revealed that the clay was majorly a dolomite mineral having 72% dolomite. The impurities present are 18% cristobalite, 4.1% garnet, 5% calcite and 1% quicklime. The pH analysis of the clay revealed that the clay was acidic having average pH value of 3.9. The pH determined for the 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:10 samples were 3.61, 3.85, 3.85, 4.05 and 4.09, respectively.

Synthesis and crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational characterization of 3,3′,4,4′-substituted biphenyls: effects of OR substituents on the intra-ring torsion angle

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-377
Author(s):  
Nahir Vadra ◽  
Sebastian A. Suarez ◽  
Leonardo D. Slep ◽  
Veronica E. Manzano ◽  
Emilia B. Halac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Torsion Angle ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Molecular Conformation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Molecular Conformations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selection Of

Presented here are the synthesis, characterization and study (using single crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, quantum mechanics calculations) of the structures of a series of biphenyls substituted in positions 3, 3′, 4 and 4′ with a variety of R (R = methyl, acetyl, hexyl) groups connected to the biphenyl core through oxygen atoms. The molecular conformation, particularly the torsion angle between aromatic rings has been extensively studied both in the solid as well as in the liquid state. The results show that the compounds appearing as rigorously planar in the solid present instead a twisted conformation in the melt. The solid versus melt issue strongly suggests that the reasons for planarity are to be found in the packing restraints. A `rule of thumb' is suggested for the design of biphenyls with different molecular conformations, based on the selection of the OR substituent.

scholarly journals Major soil classes of the metropolitan region of Curitiba (PR), Brazil: I - mineralogical characterization of the sand, silt and clay fractions

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Christina Duarte Pires ◽  
Vander de Freitas Melo ◽  
Valmiqui Costa Lima ◽  
Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Good Relation

The aim of this work was to evaluate the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of most representative soils of the Region of Curitiba, Paraná State. Samples were collected at different depths. The results showed: (a) the quartz was the only identified mineral at the silt and sand fractions. The dominant clay mineral was Kaolinite, with contents ranging from 676.7 to 820.8 g kg-1. The gibbsite was also an important constituent of the most weathered horizons and the hematite and goethite contents were low, mainly in the Histosol; (b) at the C horizon of the Inceptisol, high intensity of vermiculite/smectite reflections were detected (X-ray diffraction), justifying the high capacity of expansion and contraction, normally showed for this soil horizon; (c) was observed a good relation between pedogenetic degree and crystallographic mineral characteristics.

scholarly journals Caracterização do solo em comunidades agrícolas no Município de Sousa para fins de produtividade

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Maíre Gomes De Meneses ◽  
Denis Patricio Vidal ◽  
Hiago Aristides Da Silva ◽  
Luís Carlos Dos Santos ◽  
Alexsandra Cristina Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The present work had the objective of performing a physical-chemical and mineralogical characterization of soils collected from three agricultural settlements located in the region of Sousa / PB in order to identify problems for planting and inadequate management in these areas. All the analysis were performed according to Teixeira et al. (2017), except the electrical conductivity analysis, which followed the methodology of Tedesco et al. (1995). Results showed that average and high values of Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium and Phosphorus were compared to the literature, which does not characterize a nutrient deficiency of these soils. It was also observed that most of the analyzed soils present an average alkalinity and that all have sodium traces. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all soils are composed of quartz, feldspar, mica, smectite and albite.

scholarly journals Radiological, geochemical, and mineralogical characterization of natural stones used in turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Nil Yapici ◽  
Ferhat Gezer ◽  
Nusret Nurlu ◽  
Seref Turhan ◽  
Yuksel Ufuktepe
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Stones

In the study, radiological, geochemical, and mineralogical characterization of natural stone samples used for covering or ornamental purposes collected from different quarries in Turkey was done using gamma spectrometric technique with high-purity germanium detector, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopic technique, X-ray diffraction technique and thin sections. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured in natural stone samples as 28.9, 30.8, and 355.0 Bqkg-1, respectively. The assessment of radiological hazards from utilization of stone samples as covering or ornamental material in building sector was made by estimating activity concentration index, absorbed gamma dose rate and annual effective dose rate. The examined natural stone samples were composed of calcite, dolomite, quartz, orthoclase, albite, biotite, hornblende, oligoclase, olivine and talc.

Microstructural Characterization of Solid State Reaction Phase Formed During Sintering of Hexagonal Boron Nitride with Iron

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaline P. Furlan ◽  
Deise R. Consoni ◽  
Breno Leite ◽  
Matheus V. G. Dias ◽  
Aloisio N. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn the development of dry self-lubricating composites, not only solid lubricant particle size and distribution are important, but also the correct selection of the solid lubricant characteristics, which should be stable, i.e. not reactive, during the whole processing. In this work, Fe+9 vol% h-BN composites were produced by uniaxial cold compaction and sintering, for which a reaction between h-BN and iron was detected after sintering at 1,150°C. The reaction phase was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy and identified by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The newly formed phase had high hardness when compared with the iron matrix. The resulting composites presented a high friction coefficient and high wear.

scholarly journals Multi-Approach Study Applied to Restoration Monitoring of a 16th Century Wooden Paste Sculpture

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Auxiliadora Gómez-Morón ◽  
Pilar Ortiz ◽  
Rocio Ortiz ◽  
Francesco Colao ◽  
Roberta Fantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spectral Difference ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Restoration Monitoring ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Non Destructive

A multi-approach study has been designed to evaluate the mannerist-style masterpiece of the Christ of the Expiration (Museum Brotherhood, Seville, Spain), a polychrome wooden paste sculpture of the 16th Century that was restored in the Andalusian Historical Heritage Institute (IAPH). During its intervention, a combination of two non-destructive prototypes were used to evaluate the different color in its feet regarding its legs and torso and its cause. A portable equipment that combined X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was employed to analyze chemical composition and mineralogical characterization of pigments. This equipment allowed obtaining simultaneously XRF and XRD at the same point without sampling. X-ray techniques identified cerussite, hydrocerussite and barite in different layers. The presence of zinc oxide from a recent restoration was also detected. Additionally, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) was employed to assess the presence of different fluorescent compounds on the surface. This technique showed the use of acrylic products in the feet, loincloth and torso of Christ from previous restoration and allowed to detect spectral difference on the feet and a high ration of the acrylic product on feet, both could be the cause of the differential degradation between the feet and torso. This multi-approach study based on portable and non-destructive techniques allowed restoration monitoring and helped restorers to take decisions without sampling.

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