scholarly journals Novel Tamoxifen Nanoformulations for Improving Breast Cancer Treatment: Old Wine in New Bottles

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace M. Day ◽  
Shane M. Hickey ◽  
Yunmei Song ◽  
Sally E. Plush ◽  
Sanjay Garg
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Breast Tumours ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Targeting Vector ◽  
Dose Dependent

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in women; second only to lung cancer. Tamoxifen (TAM) is a hydrophobic anticancer agent and a selective estrogen modulator (SERM), approved by the FDA for hormone therapy of BC. Despite having striking efficacy in BC therapy, concerns regarding the dose-dependent carcinogenicity of TAM still persist, restricting its therapeutic applications. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most important strategies to solve the issue of TAM toxicity, owing to the ability of nano-enabled-formulations to deliver smaller concentrations of TAM to cancer cells, over a longer period of time. Various TAM-containing-nanosystems have been successfully fabricated to selectively deliver TAM to specific molecular targets found on tumour membranes, reducing unwanted toxic effects. This review begins with an outline of breast cancer, the current treatment options and a history of how TAM has been used as a combatant of BC. A detailed discussion of various nanoformulation strategies used to deliver lower doses of TAM selectively to breast tumours will then follow. Finally, a commentary on future perspectives of TAM being employed as a targeting vector, to guide the delivery of other therapeutic and diagnostic agents selectively to breast tumours will be presented.

scholarly journals Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland in a 45 Years Old Male: Case Report and Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Akhlaque Hossain Khan ◽  
Nazmin Ahmed ◽  
Narendra Shalike ◽  
Abul Bashar Md Abdul Matin ◽  
Firoj Ahmed Al Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Adenoid Cystic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lacrimal Fossa ◽  
Pathologic Analysis

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that can manifests as proptosis in adult population. They account for 1.6% of all orbital tumors. Despite their rarity, they are the second most frequent epithelial neoplasms occurring in the lacrimal gland after pleomorphic adenomas. This kind of tumors are commonly occur in the salivary glands but can metastasize to lung, breast ,brain and sinuses in hematogenous route.We describe a patient who presented with protrusion of right eyeball, developing over 8 years with history of intermittent watery discharge for 4 years. His magnetic resonance imaging showed a retrobulbarextraconal soft tissue lesion around the lacrimal fossa with invasion and erosion of the adjacent bone. The patient underwent right sided orbito-pterional craniotomy and gross total removal of tumor. Pathologic analysis showed neoplastic cells in a predominantly cribriform pattern with features of perineural invasion and diagnosed as a case adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. We review the incidence, clinical features, radiographic and histopathologic features of these rare, aggressive malignancies along with current treatment options with reference to the relevant literatures. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 49-53

scholarly journals Treatment of Advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+) HER2-negative Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 1328-1335
Author(s):  
Nina Ditsch ◽  
Marcus Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Hormone Receptor Positive ◽  
Study Results

AbstractThe article gives an overview of current treatment options for metastatic hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer. The focus is on combined therapies, e.g., with CDK4/6 inhibition compared with purely endocrine-based therapies in the pre- and postmenopause, presenting the latest study results. The addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor to endocrine-based therapy with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant leads to a marked improvement in progression-free survival and is independently beneficial whether palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib is involved. The particular clinical status of inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases argues for its use in the first-line treatment of women with metastatic, hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer compared with the available purely endocrine-based therapies.

Diagnosis of Metastatic Breast Cancer—A Case Report Using Molecular Cancer Classification

2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Yogesh Gandhi ◽  
Sunil Gandhi ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
History Of

An accurate cancer diagnosis is critical as it can direct the use of site-directed, and potentially more effective, treatment options for specific types of cancer. A differential or uncertain diagnosis could prevent cancer patients from receiving optimal treatment, thus affecting their overall prognosis. Advances in molecular technology have led to the development of molecular cancer classifiers that can direct or confirm the diagnosis of metastatic cancers which would otherwise be considered uncertain or unknown. This case report describes the role of molecular diagnostics in the evaluation of a patient with a large pancreatic mass and a history of breast cancer. Results from a 92-gene molecular profiling assay (CancerTYPE ID®) predicted that this new mass was breast cancer. This diagnosis allowed for effective treatment and complete response in this patient.

Clinical vigilance for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the context of natalizumab use

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Tornatore ◽  
David B Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Clinical Guidance ◽  
Disease States ◽  
History Of

Natalizumab therapy for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with both improved clinical outcomes and an increased incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). We provide details of the etiology and recent history of PML as associated with immunosuppressive disease states, including MS. Furthermore, it offers clinical guidance on differentiating PML from a MS relapse and a review of the current treatment options for patients suspected of having developed the complication.

scholarly journals Lenalidomide in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Thieblemont ◽  
Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue ◽  
Bertrand Coiffier
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immunomodulatory Drug ◽  
Large B Cell

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in adults. Even if the natural history of DLBCL has been improved with the advent of immunochemotherapy, the survival results obtained with current treatment options clearly indicate that new agents or novel approaches are needed. Lenalidomide (Revlimid, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA), an analogue of thalidomide, is an immunomodulatory drug with pleiotropic mechanisms of action potentially adding to immunochemotherapy. We present here the biological rational for the use of lenalidomide in DLBCL in light of recent advances in the pathophysiology of the disease and the therapeutic results of the most recent trials published in literature or reported in meetings in relapsed/refractory situations as well as in first-line treatment.

scholarly journals MON-444 The Case of a Rare Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Variant with Rhabdoid Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Foster ◽  
Veronica Diedrich ◽  
Talayna Leonard ◽  
Mahmood Shahlapour ◽  
Mohamad Hosam Horani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Chemoradiation Therapy ◽  
High Grade ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rhabdoid Features

Abstract Introduction: We present a very rare case of a variant of anaplastic carcinoma, a high-grade thyroid carcinoma with rhabdoid features. Less than 15 cases have been reported in English literature over the last 20 years. The prognosis of thyroid cancer with this variant phenotype is unfortunately very poor with a mean survival time of only 6 months after diagnosis. Treatment includes surgery, often a total thyroidectomy due to the rapid rate of growth of this tumor type. The benefits of chemotherapy and radiation are not yet apparent. Case presentation: A 49 year old female with history of breast cancer status-post recent chemoradiation therapy presented to the emergency department for a rapidly enlarging, right-sided neck mass. The mass had been present for approximately one month, but it was estimated to have grown from 3cm to 5cm within the two weeks prior. The patient was being followed by her ENT specialist and had a recent outpatient CT scan done. The results of the CT revealed a large thyroid tumor partially obstructing the esophagus and given the rapid progression of symptoms, she was instructed to go straight to the ED for emergent admission. Upon arrival, the patient reported not having consumed any solids or liquids for the past day due to concerns of aspiration and increasing neck pain. She had complaints of worsening dysphagia. Initial lab work revealed low thyroglobulin (1.4 ng/mL), elevated T4 (15.42 nmol/L) presumably due to Tamoxifen exposure, and elevated PTH (96.9 pg/mL), likely primary hyperparathyroidism. She was admitted and endocrine was consulted for further evaluation. The patient underwent a fine-needle aspiration biopsy showing high-grade anaplastic carcinoma with extensive necrosis and rhabdoid features. The tumor was eventually classified as stage 4B with gross extra thyroidal extension to the adventitial layers of the esophagus, thus it was determined to be unresectable. It was recommended at that time she have a percutaneous tracheostomy and feeding tube to protect her airway. However, the patient requested to be discharged so that she could obtain a second opinion regarding treatment options and prognosis. She subsequently underwent a total thyroidectomy at another hospital. Conclusion: It remains unclear whether this patient’s history of breast cancer treated with chemoradiation therapy played a role in the development of this rare thyroid carcinoma. Some cases of the rhabdoid phenotype are documented to have transformed from papillary thyroid carcinoma, for which radiation therapy is a well-known risk factor. Future studies should use molecular markers, such as BRAF V600E mutations common to papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, to help differentiate between types of thyroid cancers and avoid delayed treatment options for rapidly metastasizing thyroid tumors.

scholarly journals Anti-Migratory and Pro-Apoptotic Properties of Parvifloron D on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Saraiva ◽  
João G. Costa ◽  
Catarina Reis ◽  
Nuno Almeida ◽  
Patrícia Rijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner

Medicinal plants are important sources of new bioactive compounds with potential anticancer activity. Parvifloron D (ParvD) is an abietane diterpenoid, isolated in high amounts from Plectranthus ecklonii Benth. Previous reports have suggested potential therapeutic properties for ParvD. ParvD has shown pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effects in leukemia and melanoma cell lines. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. TNBC is a breast cancer subtype characterized by an aggressive behavior with poor clinical outcomes and weak overall therapeutic responses to the current treatment options. This work aimed at evaluating the anticancer effect of ParvD in MDA-MB-231 cells, a model of human TNBC. To obtain sufficient amounts of purified ParvD the efficiency of several extraction methods was compared. ParvD (0.1–10 µM) decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with ParvD (5 µM) significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic nuclei and exposure to 3 µM ParvD increased the sub-G1 population. Since altered cell adherence, migration, and invasion are determinant processes for the formation of metastases, the effect of ParvD on these cellular processes was tested. Although treatment with ParvD (1 µM) had no effect on cell-substrate attachment, ParvD (1 µM) significantly reduced cell chemotaxis and invasion. This is the first report describing the proapoptotic effect of ParvD in TNBC cells. Moreover, for the first time we have shown that ParvD reduces cell motility, unraveling potential anti-metastatic properties.

scholarly journals DDIS-31. A NOVEL BRAIN-PERMEANT CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi70-vi70
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Deng ◽  
Sophia Chernikova ◽  
Wolf-Nicolas Fischer ◽  
Kerry Koller ◽  
Bernd Jandeleit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Leptomeningeal Metastasis ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Tnbc Cell Line

Abstract Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), a spread of cancer to the cerebrospinal fluid and meninges, is universally and rapidly fatal due to poor detection and no effective treatment. Breast cancers account for a majority of LMs from solid tumors, with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) having the highest propensity to metastasize to LM. The treatment of LM is challenged by poor drug penetration into CNS and high neurotoxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new modalities and targeted therapies able to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. Quadriga has discovered a novel, brain-permeant chemotherapeutic agent that is currently in development as a potential treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). Recently, we have demonstrated dose-dependent in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity with various breast cancer cell lines including the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. To evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of the compound on LM, we used the mouse model of LM based on the internal carotid injection of luciferase-expressing MDA-MB-231-BR3 cells. Once the bioluminescence signal intensity from the metastatic spread reached (0.2 - 0.5) x 106photons/sec, mice were dosed i.v. (8 mg/kg once a week for nine weeks) or i.p. (4 or 8 mg/kg twice a week for nine weeks). Tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence. The compound was well tolerated and caused a significant delay in metastatic growth resulting in significant extension of survival. Tumors regressed completely in ~ 28 % of treated animals in the i.p. group. Given that current treatments for LM are palliative with only few studies reporting a survival benefit, Quadriga’s new agent could be effective as a therapeutic for both primary and metastatic brain tumors such as LM. REF: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pro6.43

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