scholarly journals Exploring the Characteristics of an Aroma-Blending Mixture by Investigating the Network of Shared Odors and the Molecular Features of Their Related Odorants

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Anne Tromelin ◽  
Florian Koensgen ◽  
Karine Audouze ◽  
Elisabeth Guichard ◽  
Thierry Thomas-Danguin
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Peripheral Olfactory System ◽  
The Individual

The perception of aroma mixtures is based on interactions beginning at the peripheral olfactory system, but the process remains poorly understood. The perception of a mixture of ethyl isobutyrate (Et-iB, strawberry-like odor) and ethyl maltol (Et-M, caramel-like odor) was investigated previously in both human and animal studies. In those studies, the binary mixture of Et-iB and Et-M was found to be configurally processed. In humans, the mixture was judged as more typical of a pineapple odor, similar to allyl hexanoate (Al-H, pineapple-like odor), than the odors of the individual components. To explore the key features of this aroma blend, we developed an in silico approach based on molecules having at least one of the odors—strawberry, caramel or pineapple. A dataset of 293 molecules and their related odors was built. We applied the notion of a “social network” to describe the network of the odors. Additionally, we explored the structural properties of the molecules in this dataset. The network of the odors revealed peculiar links between odors, while the structural study emphasized key characteristics of the molecules. The association between “strawberry” and “caramel” notes, as well as the structural diversity of the “strawberry” molecules, were notable. Such elements would be key to identifying potential odors/odorants to form aroma blends.

scholarly journals Defective signaling through plexin-A1 compromises the development of the peripheral olfactory system and neuroendocrine reproductive axis in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2006-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Marcos ◽  
Carine Monnier ◽  
Xavier Rovira ◽  
Corinne Fouveaut ◽  
Nelly Pitteloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Peripheral Olfactory System

scholarly journals Structural anomalies of the peripheral olfactory system in psychosis high-risk subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce I. Turetsky ◽  
Paul J. Moberg ◽  
Megan Quarmley ◽  
Erich Dress ◽  
Monica E. Calkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Peripheral Olfactory System ◽  
Structural Anomalies

scholarly journals The architecture of network collective intelligence : correlations between social network structure, spatial layout and prestige outcomes in an office

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1753) ◽  
pp. 20170238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felichism Kabo
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Individual

A social network represents interactions and knowledge that transcend the intelligence of any of its individual members. In this study, I examine the correlations between this network collective intelligence , spatial layout, and prestige or status outcomes at the individual and team levels in an organization. I propose that spatially influenced social cognition shapes which individuals become members of prestigious teams in organizations, and the prestige perception of teams by others in the organization. Prestige is a pathway to social rank, influence and upward mobility for individuals in organizations. For groups, perceived prestige of work teams is related to how team members identify with the group and with their collaborative behaviours. Prestige enhances a team's survivability and its access to resources. At the individual level, I ran two-stage Heckman sample selection models to examine the correlation between social network position and the number of prestigious projects a person is a member of, contingent on the association between physical space and social ties and networks. At the team level, I used linear regressions to examine the relationship among network structure, spatial proximity and the perceived prestige or innovativeness of a project team. In line with my hypotheses, for individuals there is a significant correlation between physical space and social networks, and contingent on that, between social network positions and the number of prestigious projects that a person is a member of. Also in accordance with my hypotheses, for teams there is a significant correlation between network structure and spatial proximity, and perceived prestige. While cross-sectional, the study findings illustrate the importance of considering the spatial domain in examinations of how network collective intelligence is related to organizational outcomes at the individual and team levels. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.

Small cities of the Tver region: in search of a place formula

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
I.P. Smirnov ◽  
A.A. Smirnova ◽  
P.S. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Tver Region

The article attempts to determine «the place formula» for four small cities of the Tver region – Toropets, Kalyazin, Bezhetsk and Bologoye. In the scientifi literature, the phrase «place formula» fi appeared and conceptually took shape, probably in the article by A.I. Zyryanov, published in the journal «Regional’nye issledovanija» in 2013. The theoretical framework of this concept is the classical concept of economic-geographical position (EGP). The identifi of the key features of the EGP of these small cities based on the fi research with using local historical information and statistical data. The studied cities are different in their history, location, performed functions and role in the space of the region. Several positions were chosen as the key characteristics that were included in the formulation of the main properties of the place: natural features, transport accessibility and density, metropolitan position, and centrality. The main features of the EGP, which formed the basis of the «geographical formula» for the selected small cities of the Tver region, are as follows: for Toropets – remoteness and borderline, for Kalyazin – location on the Volga and proximity to the Moscow region, for Bezhetsk – its existence as a center of agriculturally developed and densely populated territory, for Bologoye – its functioning as a railway junction between the two Russian capitals. For a city, and especially for a small one, the articulation and translation of its “formula” can become the basis for a long-term development strategy.

I ♥ FB

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Robinson ◽  
Clark Callahan ◽  
Kristoffer Boyle ◽  
Erica Rivera ◽  
Janice K Cho
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Uses And Gratifications ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Network Studies

Virtually seductive qualities of identity sharing, content gratification, and ample social atmosphere have made Facebook the most popular social network, boasting 890 million daily users (“Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter,” 2015; Joinson, 2008; Orchard et al., 2014, Reinecke et al., 2014). Online social network studies largely overlook the individual, limiting the understanding of what exactly drives people to use, abuse, even become dependent on sites like Facebook. Based on the theory of uses and gratifications, Q methodology subjectively observes what draws users to Facebook, focusing specifically on Facebook user characteristics. Past studies neglect the existence of three of the four factor groups discovered in this study, making these effectually new discoveries for academia (Alloway, Runac, Quershi, & Kemp, 2014; Cheung, Chieu & Lee, 2011; Sheldon, 2008, Tosun, 2012; Yang & Brown, 2013). These findings increase understanding of online usage, even addiction, and will help cater future social networks to specific users.

Using Virtual Mobility to Alleviate Aspects of Social Exclusion

2005 ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Virtual Mobility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Network Goods

People’s ability to participate in the activities that are necessary to ensure their economic, political and social participation in the society in which they live is dependent upon the accessibility of the activities. Accessibility has traditionally been perceived as a function of the space, or distance, between the origin of the individual (or community) and the destination of the activity¾the opportunity, service, social network, goods¾alongside the time that it takes to cross this space. Thus, accessibility is dependent upon the individual’s ability to overcome space and time barriers, allowing them to reach the right place or person, at the right time¾and, of course, upon the availability to them of adequate resources to do this (Couclelis, 2000)1.

scholarly journals Study of Biomolecular Interactions of Mitochondrial Proteins Related to Alzheimer’s Disease: Toward Multi-Interaction Biomolecular Processes

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Hemmerová ◽  
Tomáš Špringer ◽  
Zdeňka Krištofiková ◽  
Jiří Homola
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cyclophilin D ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Individual

Progressive mitochondrial dysfunction due to the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide within the mitochondrial matrix represents one of the key characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and appears already in its early stages. Inside the mitochondria, Aβ interacts with a number of biomolecules, including cyclophilin D (cypD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10), and affects their physiological functions. However, despite intensive ongoing research, the exact mechanisms through which Aβ impairs mitochondrial functions remain to be explained. In this work, we studied the interactions of Aβ with cypD and 17β-HSD10 in vitro using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method and determined the kinetic parameters (association and dissociation rates) of these interactions. This is the first work which determines all these parameters under the same conditions, thus, enabling direct comparison of relative affinities of Aβ to its mitochondrial binding partners. Moreover, we used the determined characteristics of the individual interactions to simulate the concurrent interactions of Aβ with cypD and 17β-HSD10 in different model situations associated with the progression of AD. This study not only advances the understanding of Aβ-induced processes in mitochondria during AD, but it also provides a new perspective on research into complex multi-interaction biomolecular processes in general.

Evaluation of the Impacts of Chemotherapeutics on Odontogenesis Process: Findings from a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Camila Valente Smith ◽  
Grazyelle Sebrenski da Silva ◽  
Felipe Rodolfo Pereira da Silva ◽  
José Fernando Marques Barcellos ◽  
Silvânia da Conceição Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oncology Patient ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis study aimed to examine and recognize the impacts of antinoplastic chemotherapeutics on the development of dental germ, employing a systematic review. A retrieving in the literature was carried out, using several medical and scientifical databases (ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MedLine, PubMed, and ScienceDirect), by two investigators separately. In the end of this systematic search, eight articles met the required criteria for inclusion and, therefore, composed the results. Among these, four articles are about observational studies in humans, and the other four about experimental animal studies. In both cases and species, anomalies such as microdontia, hypodontia/agenesia, and root shortening were observed. The severity and frequency varied according to the nature of the chemotherapeutics applied as well as the administered dosage and the patient's age at the time of first exposure. Through the results, it was possible to show the direct impacts of chemotherapy on the odontogenesis process as well as factors such as the type of chemotherapy, the age of the individual at the time of first exposure and the dosage used. All of those should be taken into account when choosing a therapeutic protocol for an oncology patient. Besides, we observed the need for more studies in this area and that these should be standardized in order to allow an objective and direct analysis of comparable parameters, even when different approaches are used.

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