scholarly journals Middle East Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Alaa M. Abu-Odeh ◽  
Wamidh H. Talib
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
East Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle East Region

Diabetes is a global health problem, and the number of diabetic patients is in continuous rise. Conventional antidiabetic therapies are associated with high costs and limited efficiency. The use of traditional medicine and plant extracts to treat diabetes is gaining high popularity in many countries. Countries in the Middle East region have a long history of using herbal medicine to treat different diseases, including diabetes. In this review, we compiled and summarized all the in vivo and in vitro studies conducted for plants with potential antidiabetic activity in the Middle East region. Plants of the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are the most investigated. It is hoped that this review will contribute scientifically to evidence the ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents. Work has to be done to define tagetes, mechanism of action and the compound responsible for activity. In addition, safety and pharmacokinetic parameters should be investigated.

Turkey’s foreign policy priorities in the Middle East and Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
Marina Shpakovskaya ◽  
Oleg Barnashov ◽  
Arian Mohammad Hassan Shershah ◽  
Asadullah Noori ◽  
Mosa Ziauddin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turkish Foreign Policy ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
East Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle East Region

The article discusses the features and main approaches of Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East. Particular attention is paid to the history of the development of Turkish-American relations. The causes of the contradictions between Turkey and the United States on the security issues of the Middle East region are analyzed. At the same time, the commonality of the approaches of both countries in countering radical terrorism in the territories adjacent to Turkey is noted. The article also discusses the priority areas of Turkish foreign policy, new approaches and technologies in the first decade of the XXI century.

scholarly journals Polyalthia Clerodane Diterpene Potentiates Hypoglycemia via Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Kai Huang ◽  
Shian-Ren Lin ◽  
Jirawat Riyaphan ◽  
Yaw-Syan Fu ◽  
Ching-Feng Weng
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

Serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is involved in self/non-self-recognition and insulin sensitivity. DPP-4 inhibitors are conventional choices for diabetic treatment; however, side effects such as headache, bronchus infection, and nasopharyngitis might affect the daily lives of diabetic patients. Notably, natural compounds are believed to have a similar efficacy with lower adverse effects. This study aimed to validate the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (HCD) from Polyalthia longifolia, rutin, quercetin, and berberine, previously selected through molecular docking. The inhibitory potency of natural DPP-4 candidates was further determined by enzymatic, in vitro Caco-2, and ERK/PKA activation in myocyte and pancreatic cells. The hypoglycemic efficacy of the natural compounds was consecutively analyzed by single-dose and multiple-dose administration in diet-induced obese diabetic mice. All the natural-compounds could directly inhibit DPP-4 activity in enzymatic assay and Caco-2 inhibition assay, and HCD showed the highest inhibition of the compounds. HCD down-regulated LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation in myocyte but blocked GLP-1 induced PKA expression. For in vivo tests, HCD showed hypoglycemic efficacy only in single-dose administration. After 28-days administration, HCD exhibited hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective efficacy. These results revealed that HCD performed potential antidiabetic activity via inhibition of single-dose and long-term administrations, and could be a new prospective anti-diabetic drug candidate.

scholarly journals NATURAL COMPOUNDS FROM DJIBOUTIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS AS INHIBITORS OF COVID-19 BY IN SILICO INVESTIGATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
ABDIRAHMAN ELMI ◽  
S. AL-JAWAD SAYEM ◽  
MOHAMED AHMED ◽  
FATOUMA ABDOUL-LATIF
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Better Than

Objective: The new coronavirus type SARS-Cov 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome), which appeared in autumn 2019 in China, became a global pandemic in a few months. In this work, we looked for the potential anti SARS-Cov 2 of the compounds isolated from three Djiboutian medicinal plants, namely Acacia seyal, Cymbopogon commutatus, and Indigofera caerulea. Methods: We carried out a molecular docking with nine biomolecules, β-Sitosterol, Quercetin, Catechin, Lupeol, Rutin, Kaempferol, Gallic acid, Piperitone and Limonene on three target sites which are SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mp), SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and human furin protease. These targets are chosen because of their role in the process of penetration of the virus into human cells and its multiplication. Moreover, the predictions of pharmacokinetic parameters as well as toxicological properties have been determined using an online bioinformatics tool named SwissADME and AdmetSAR respectively. Results: The phenolic compounds have a very good affinity on these three target sites with binding energies of up to-9.098 kcal/mol for rutin on SARS-CoV-2 Mp, much better than the two reference drugs hydroxychloroquine (-5.816 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-7.194 kcal/mol). Except for β-Sitosterol, the tested biomolecules have weak toxicity. Conclusion: These natural compounds can be used against covid 19 pending In vitro and In vivo evaluations.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evidence-Based Assessment and Prioritization of Potential Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants: A Case Study from Canadian Eastern James Bay Cree Traditional Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre S. Haddad ◽  
Lina Musallam ◽  
Louis C. Martineau ◽  
Cory Harris ◽  
Louis Lavoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Antidiabetic Plants

Canadian Aboriginals, like others globally, suffer from disproportionately high rates of diabetes. A comprehensive evidence-based approach was therefore developed to study potential antidiabetic medicinal plants stemming from Canadian Aboriginal Traditional Medicine to provide culturally adapted complementary and alternative treatment options. Key elements of pathophysiology of diabetes and of related contemporary drug therapy are presented to highlight relevant cellular and molecular targets for medicinal plants. Potential antidiabetic plants were identified using a novel ethnobotanical method based on a set of diabetes symptoms. The most promising species were screened for primary (glucose-lowering) and secondary (toxicity, drug interactions, complications) antidiabetic activity by using a comprehensive platform ofin vitrocell-based and cell-free bioassays. The most active species were studied further for their mechanism of action and their active principles identified though bioassay-guided fractionation. Biological activity of key species was confirmed in animal models of diabetes. Thesein vitroandin vivofindings are the basis for evidence-based prioritization of antidiabetic plants. In parallel, plants were also prioritized by Cree Elders and healers according to their Traditional Medicine paradigm. This case study highlights the convergence of modern science and Traditional Medicine while providing a model that can be adapted to other Aboriginal realities worldwide.

scholarly journals Efficacy, safety and phytochemistry of medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serawit Deyno ◽  
Kassahun Eneyew ◽  
Sisay Seyfe ◽  
Elias Wondim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Abstract Background Despite tremendous developments in synthetic medicine, medicinal plants are still commonly used for the management of diabetes mellitus. This study synthesized scientific evidence on commonly used medicinal plants for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ethiopia. Methods Databases (PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and Google Scholar) have been thoroughly sought and evidence was synthesized. Results Thirty studies conducted anti-diabetic activities studies on 19 medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Most of the studies were in vivo studies (25). Others include; clinical study (1), in vitro studies (2), and both in vivo and in vitro study (2). Trigonella foenum-graecum L., clinical study, showed an improved lipid profile in type II diabetic patients. Comparable blood sugar level (BSL) lowering effect to glibenclimide was observed with Persea Americana and Moringa stenopetala. Noteworthy in vitro half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of Aloe megalacantha B and Aloe monticola R were observed. Animal model studies demonstrated the relative safety of the plants extract and phytochemistry studies showed various components. Conclusion Medicinal plants used for management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia are worthy for further study for pharmacologically active ingredients and clinical evaluation.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic activity, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Tradescantia spathacea Swartz extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1594-1599
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Jesetti ◽  
Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala ◽  
Subhakar Raju Rapaka ◽  
Umasankar Kulandaivelu ◽  
Koteswara Rao GSN
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Tradescantia spathacea Swartz belongs to the genus  Commelinaceae, a tropical tree used in many countries as an herbal drug for the care of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to examine anti-diabetic activity of the Tradescantia spathacea Swartz methanolic extract (METSW) and the in-vitro activity of α-amylase, and α-glucosidase was carried out.  METSW compared with acarbose inhibition of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme, METSW exhibited IC50 less than 100μg/mL would be considered as healthy. The METSW showed IC50 66.22 ± 0.52μg/mL α-amylase activity, acarbose revealed an IC50 of 83.25 ± 1.28μg/mL. METSW demonstrated IC50 levels of  85.37 ± 0.72 μg/mL (y= 0.095x+41.89) inhibition of  the α-Glucosidase enzymes.  METSW at 400 mg/kg greatly decreased the region under the blood glucose level curve in a typical rat test for oral glucose tolerance. The single dose of the extract decreased dramatically from  211 mg/dl to 89.22 mg/dl at 400 mg/kg  METSW in the alloxan induced diabetic model. METSW possesses strong antidiabetic activity in vivo  and in vitro. Besides, the extract has also been shown to have a significant inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase which may lead to its anti-hyperglycemic function when used in diabetic patients. 

A Casuistic explanation to Hizbullah’s realpolitik: Interpreting the re-interpreted

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Mariam Farida
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
East Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle East Region

Abstract The recent development unfolding in the Arab region forces the observer into the question of security and stability. The Middle East region has been coined with violence and transformations with the growing inability to bring the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to an end. The history of Lebanon is not separate from the surrounding danger. For that end, Hizbullah has pushed Lebanon into the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian struggle. This article investigates the role Hizbullah plays amidst regional conflicts, and its ability to stand out as a religio-political party able to face the Israeli aggression and withstand its religious identity. Interestingly, this has been a key to the Party’s success, where the Party’s religious identity and politics go hand in hand. As such, this paper offers the reader an analysis of how Hizbullah uses religion to its favour, and how religion (specifically Shi’ism) offers a ground for political pragmatism to be justified.

scholarly journals Natural Hydrogen Sulfide Donors from Allium sp. as a Nutraceutical Approach in Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Therapy

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melino ◽  
Leo ◽  
Papajani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Diseases

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a socially relevant chronic disease with high prevalence worldwide. DM may lead to several vascular, macrovascular, and microvascular complications (cerebrovascular, coronary artery, and peripheral arterial diseases, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), often accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis. Dietary therapy is generally considered to be the first step in the treatment of diabetic patients. Among the current therapeutic options, such as insulin therapy and hypoglycemic drugs, in recent years, attention has been shifting to the effects and properties—that are still not completely known—of medicinal plants as valid and inexpensive therapeutic supports with limited side effects. In this review, we report the relevant effects of medicinal plants and nutraceuticals in diabetes. In particular, we paid attention to the organosulfur compounds (OSCs) present in plant extracts that due to their antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, can contribute as cardioprotective agents in type 2 DM. OSCs derived from garlic (Allium sp.), due to their properties, can represent a valuable support to the diet in type 2 DM, as outlined in this manuscript based on both in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, a relevant characteristic of garlic OSCs is their ability to produce the gasotransmitter H2S, and many of their effects can be explained by this property. Indeed, in recent years, several studies have demonstrated the relevant effects of endogenous and exogenous H2S in human DM, including by in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials; therefore, here, we summarize the effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of H2S and natural H2S donors.

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