scholarly journals A Review of Analytical Methods for Codeine Determination

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Rimadani Pratiwi ◽  
Eka Noviana ◽  
Rizky Fauziati ◽  
Daniel Blascke Carrão ◽  
Firas Adinda Gandhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Opioid Drugs

Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easily obtained codeine often becomes subject to misuse. Codeine misuse has emerged as a concerning public health issue due to its associated adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhage. Thus, it is very important to develop reliable analytical techniques to detect codeine for both quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and identifying drug misuse in the community. This review aims to provide critical outlooks on analytical methods applicable to the determination of codeine.

A Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Tibolone: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Formulations Analysis and Application in Doping Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Marilene Lopes Ângelo ◽  
Fernanda de Lima Moreira ◽  
Ana Laura Araújo Santos ◽  
Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado ◽  
Magali Benjamim de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
In Doping

Background:: Tibolone is a synthetic steroid commercialized by Organon under the brand name Livial (Org OD14), which is used in hormone therapy for menopause management and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Tibolone is defined as a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator (STEAR) demonstrating tissue-specific effects on several organs such as brain, breast, urogenital tract, endometrium, bone and cardiovascular system. Aims:: This work aims to (1) present an overview of important published literature on existing methods for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids and (2) to conduct a critical comparison of the analytical methods used in doping control, pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutical formulations analysis of tibolone and its metabolites. Results and conclusions: : The major analytical method described for the analysis of tibolone in pharmaceutical formulations is High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection, while Liquid Chromatography (LC) or Gas Chromatography (GC) used in combination with Mass Spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is employed for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in biological fluids.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Investigations of Macrolide Antibiotics: A Brief Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. ACI.S31857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrudul R. Keskar ◽  
Ravin M. Jugade
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Deoxy Sugar ◽  
Injection Methods

Macrolides, one of the most commonly used class of antibiotics, are a group of drugs produced by Streptomyces species. They belong to the polyketide class of natural products. Their activity is due to the presence of a large macrolide lactone ring with deoxy sugar moieties. They are protein synthesis inhibitors and broad-spectrum antibiotics, active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Different analytical techniques have been reported for the determination of macrolides such as chromatographic methods, flow injection methods, spectrofluorometric methods, spectrophotometric methods, and capillary electrophoresis methods. Among these methods, spectrophotometric methods are sensitive and cost effective for the analysis of various antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations as well as biological samples. This article reviews different spectrophotometric methods for the determination of macrolide antibiotics.

Analytical Methods in Tracing Honey Authenticity

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Trifković ◽  
Filip Andrić ◽  
Petar Ristivojević ◽  
Etil Guzelmeric ◽  
Erdem Yesilada
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Abstract Honey is a precious natural product that is marketed with a wide range of nutritional and medicinal properties. However, it is also a product subjected to frequent adulteration through mislabeling and mixing with cheaper and lower-quality honeys and various sugar syrups. In that sense, honey authentication regarding its genuine botanical and geographical origins, as well as the detection of any adulteration, is essential in order to protect consumer health and to avoid competition that could create a destabilized market. Various analytical techniques have been developed to detect adulterations in honey, including measuring the ratios of stable isotopes (mostly 13C/12C) and the use of different spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrochemical methods. This review aims to provide a cross-section of contemporary analytical methods used for the determination of honey authenticity in order to help the scientific community engaged in the field of honey chemistry make appropriate choices and select the best applications that should lead to improvements in the detection and elimination of fraudulent practices in honey manufacturing.

scholarly journals A review of analytical methods for the determination of four new phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in biological samples and pharmaceutical preparations

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Franco Codevilla ◽  
Tamara dos Santos Castilhos ◽  
Ana Maria Bergold
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Sexual Problem ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type

The introduction of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy in 1998 revolutionized the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is the most common sexual problem in men. It often has a profound effect on intimate relationships and quality of life. The analysis of pharmaceuticals is an important part of the drug development process as well as for routine analysis and quality control of commercial formulations. Whereas the determination of sildenafil citrate, vardenafil and tadalafil are well documented by a variety of methods, there are few publications about the determination of udenafil, lodenafil carbonate, mirodenafil and avanafil. The paper presents a brief review of the action mechanism, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics and the most recent analytical methods that can determine drug concentration in biological matrices and pharmaceutical formulations of these four drugs.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of Organic Ultraviolet Filters in Cosmetic Products and Human Samples

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4780
Author(s):  
Izabela Narloch ◽  
Grażyna Wejnerowska
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Monitoring Protocols ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

UV filters are a group of compounds commonly used in different cosmetic products to absorb UV radiation. They are classified into a variety of chemical groups, such as benzophenones, salicylates, benzotriazoles, cinnamates, p-aminobenzoates, triazines, camphor derivatives, etc. Different tests have shown that some of these chemicals are absorbed through the skin and metabolised or bioaccumulated. These processes can cause negative health effects, including mutagenic and cancerogenic ones. Due to the absence of official monitoring protocols, there is an increased number of analytical methods that enable the determination of those compounds in cosmetic samples to ensure user safety, as well as in biological fluids and tissues samples, to obtain more information regarding their behaviour in the human body. This review aimed to show and discuss the published studies concerning analytical methods for the determination of organic UV filters in cosmetic and biological samples. It focused on sample preparation, analytical techniques, and analytical performance (limit of detection, accuracy, and repeatability).

A Review on Analytical Methods for Estimation of Linagliptin in Bulk and Tablet Dosage form

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Premjit S Nannaware ◽  
Suhas S. Siddheshwar ◽  
M.H. Kolhe
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Wide Range

Linagliptin is an oral anti- diabetic drug that reduces blood sugar (glucose) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Linagliptin is a member of a class of drugs that inhibit the enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4 inhibitors). It is widely used in the treatment of type –II diabetes mellitus which is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissue and insulin secretory defect of the β – cells. Linagliptin is been approved by the US food and Drug administration 2 may 2011 for the management of type –II diabetes. There are a wide range of analytical techniques were available for the analysis of linagliptin in pharmaceutical and biological samples. HPLC with UV detection is applicable in the case of analysis of linagliptin in pharmaceuticals which provide us cost effective accurate method when compare with more advance techniques. This review depicts the reported Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic methods; developed and validated for estimation of Linagliptin alone or on combination with Metformin or Empagliflozin. This review focus on different analytical methods for the estimation of Linagliptin in pharmaceutical formulations. From this elaborate literature review it was found that, till date there is no RP-HPLC method available for the determination of Linagliptin with Metformin or Empagliflozine using Design of Expert or Quality by Design.

Capillary Electrophoresis Methods for the Determination of Tramadol: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-286
Author(s):  
Anita Sarkany ◽  
Gabriel Hancu ◽  
Claudiu Drăguț ◽  
Adriana Modroiu ◽  
Enikő Barabás-Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Opiate Agonist

Tramadol is a widely used opioid analgesic frequently prescribed for treatment of moderate to severe, acute and chronic pain. It has a complex mechanism of action, acting both as a central opiate agonist and as a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is a chiral substance, having two chiral centers in its structure and it is used in therapy as a racemic mixture of two of its enantiomers, (S,S)-tramadol and (R,R)-tramadol. In the last 25 years, several analytical procedures have been published in the literature for the achiral and chiral determination of tramadol from pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices. Among these methods, capillary electrophoresis techniques have proved to be an efficient, reliable and cost-effective solution. The purpose of the present review is to provide a systematic survey to present and discuss the electrodriven methods available in the literature for the achiral and chiral analysis of tramadol.

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