scholarly journals Prandtl Number in Classical Hard-Sphere and One-Component Plasma Fluids

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Sergey Khrapak ◽  
Alexey Khrapak
Keyword(s):  
Prandtl Number ◽  
Hard Sphere ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Order Unity ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Dielectric Fluids ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Component Plasma

The Prandtl number is evaluated for the three-dimensional hard-sphere and one-component plasma fluids, from the dilute weakly coupled regime up to a dense strongly coupled regime near the fluid-solid phase transition. In both cases, numerical values of order unity are obtained. The Prandtl number increases on approaching the freezing point, where it reaches a quasi-universal value for simple dielectric fluids of about ≃1.7. Relations to two-dimensional fluids are briefly discussed.

Characterization of Monoclonal Anti-human Factor VII Antibody (B101/B1) that Recognized Three-dimensional Structures near Arg at Position 79 in the First EGF-like Domain

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Takamiya
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Epidermal Growth

SummaryMurine monoclonal antibodies (designated hVII-B101/B1, hVIIDC2/D4 and hVII-DC6/3D8) directed against human factor VII (FVII) were prepared and characterized, with more extensive characterization of hVII-B101/B1 that did not bind reduced FVIIa. The immunoglobulin of the three monoclonal antibodies consisted of IgG1. These antibodies did not inhibit procoagulant activities of other vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors except FVII and did not cross-react with proteins in the immunoblotting test. hVII-DC2/D4 recognized the light chain after reduction of FVIIa with 2-mercaptoethanol, and hVIIDC6/3D8 the heavy chain. hVII-B101/B1 bound FVII without Ca2+, and possessed stronger affinity for FVII in the presence of Ca2+. The Kd for hVII-B101/B1 to FVII was 1.75 x 10–10 M in the presence of 5 mM CaCl2. The antibody inhibited the binding of FVII to tissue factor in the presence of Ca2+. hVII-B101/B1 also inhibited the activation of FX by the complex of FVIIa and tissue factor in the presence of Ca2+. Furthermore, immunoblotting revealed that hVII-B101/B1 reacted with non-reduced γ-carboxyglutaminic acid (Gla)-domainless-FVII and/or FVIIa. hVII-B101/B1 showed a similar pattern to that of non-reduced proteolytic fragments of FVII by trypsin with hVII-DC2/D4 on immunoblotting test. hVII-B101/B1 reacted differently with the FVII from the dysfunctional FVII variant, FVII Shinjo, which has a substitution of Gln for Arg at residue 79 in the first epidermal growth factor (1st EGF)-like domain (Takamiya O, et al. Haemosta 25, 89-97,1995) compared with normal FVII, when used as a solid phase-antibody for ELISA by the sandwich method. hVII-B101/B1 did not react with a series of short peptide sequences near position 79 in the first EGF-like domain on the solid-phase support for epitope scanning. These results suggested that the specific epitope of the antibody, hVII-B101/B1, was located in the three-dimensional structure near position 79 in the first EGF-like domain of human FVII.

scholarly journals CFT unitarity and the AdS Cutkosky rules

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Meltzer ◽  
Allic Sivaramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Flat Space ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Optical Theorem ◽  
Conformal Field Theories ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Conformal Field ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
Space Limit ◽  
Diagrammatic Method

Abstract We derive the Cutkosky rules for conformal field theories (CFTs) at weak and strong coupling. These rules give a simple, diagrammatic method to compute the double-commutator that appears in the Lorentzian inversion formula. We first revisit weakly-coupled CFTs in flat space, where the cuts are performed on Feynman diagrams. We then generalize these rules to strongly-coupled holographic CFTs, where the cuts are performed on the Witten diagrams of the dual theory. In both cases, Cutkosky rules factorize loop diagrams into on-shell sub-diagrams and generalize the standard S-matrix cutting rules. These rules are naturally formulated and derived in Lorentzian momentum space, where the double-commutator is manifestly related to the CFT optical theorem. Finally, we study the AdS cutting rules in explicit examples at tree level and one loop. In these examples, we confirm that the rules are consistent with the OPE limit and that we recover the S-matrix optical theorem in the flat space limit. The AdS cutting rules and the CFT dispersion formula together form a holographic unitarity method to reconstruct Witten diagrams from their cuts.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional 𝒩 = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories and partition functions on Seifert manifolds: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (23) ◽  
pp. 1930011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Closset ◽  
Heeyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Exact Results ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Seifert Manifolds ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Supersymmetric Gauge ◽  
Chern Simons

We give a pedagogical introduction to the study of supersymmetric partition functions of 3D [Formula: see text] supersymmetric Chern–Simons-matter theories (with an [Formula: see text]-symmetry) on half-BPS closed three-manifolds — including [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and any Seifert three-manifold. Three-dimensional gauge theories can flow to nontrivial fixed points in the infrared. In the presence of 3D [Formula: see text] supersymmetry, many exact results are known about the strongly-coupled infrared, due in good part to powerful localization techniques. We review some of these techniques and emphasize some more recent developments, which provide a simple and comprehensive formalism for the exact computation of half-BPS observables on closed three-manifolds (partition functions and correlation functions of line operators). Along the way, we also review simple examples of 3D infrared dualities. The computation of supersymmetric partition functions provides exceedingly precise tests of these dualities.

Analysis of Physical Structure and Chemical Composition of Oil-Water Transition Layer in Oil Gathering and Transportation System

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 2566-2569
Author(s):  
Dan Dan Yuan ◽  
Hong Jun Wu ◽  
Hai Xia Sheng ◽  
Bao Hui Wang ◽  
Xin Sui
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Oil Water

he existence of oil-water transition layer brings a great trouble to the dehydration of oil gathering and transportation system. It leads to raising the electric current of dehydrator and becoming worse of the deoiling and dehydrating properties of the treatment equipment, resulting in the serious influences on oil recovery. For the efficient treatment of the transition layer, it is necessary clearly to understand the structure and composition of the layer. In this paper, the physical structure and chemical composition of the layer were systematically, layer by layer and phase by phase, analyzed by modern instrumental methods The results show that (1）the layer is an emulsion which is composed of oil, water and suspended solids. The water phase has characteristics of weak alkaline，high salinity and viscous polymer. The oil phase contains many natural emulsifiers such as colloid, asphaltene and so on. The solid phase mainly concludes FeS particle which plays a decisive role in suspended solids; (2) the typical transition layer is composed of water and oil which accounts for above 90%, the content of solid impurity, which controls the emulsion of the layer, is less than 10%. Compared with oil phase, the water content of typical transition layer is larger with the density of 0.9~1.0 g/L and high freezing point. The analytical data can be adopted for the treatment of oil-water transition layer and smoothly run operations for oil gathering and transportation.

Effects of Wheel-Shaft-Fluid Coupling and Local Wheel Deformations on the Global Behavior of Shaft Lines

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lornage ◽  
E. Chatelet ◽  
G. Jacquet-Richardet
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Global Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Fluid Films ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Structural Deformations ◽  
Time Marching ◽  
Fluid Coupling

Rotating parts of turbomachines are generally studied using different uncoupled approaches. For example, the dynamic behavior of shafts and wheels are considered independently and the influence of the surrounding fluid is often taken into account in an approximate way. These approaches, while often sufficiently accurate, are questionable when wheel-shaft coupling is observed or when fluid elements are strongly coupled with local structural deformations (leakage flow between wheel and casing, fluid bearings mounted on a thin-walled shaft, etc.). The approach proposed is a step toward a global model of shaft lines. The whole flexible wheel-shaft assembly and the influence of specific fluid film elements are considered in a fully three-dimensional model. In this paper, the proposed model is first presented and then applied to a simple disk-shaft assembly coupled with a fluid film clustered between the disk and a rigid casing. The finite element method is used together with a modal reduction for the structural analysis. As thin fluid films are considered, the Reynolds equation is solved using finite differences in order to obtain the pressure field. Data are transferred between structural and fluid meshes using a general method based on an interfacing grid concept. The equations governing the whole system are solved within a time-marching procedure. The results obtained show significant influence of specific three-dimensional features such as disk-shaft coupling and local disk deformations on global behavior.

Article

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1810-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D Bain
Keyword(s):  
Spin System ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Physical Reason ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
System Combination ◽  
First Order ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Quantum Transitions ◽  
Weakly Coupled Systems

Strongly coupled spin systems provide many curious and interesting effects in NMR spectra, one of which is the presence of unexpected (from a first-order viewpoint) lines. A physical reason is given for the presence of these combination lines. The X part of the spectrum of an ABX spin system is analysed as an example. For an ABX system, it is well known that the AB nuclei give a spectrum consisting of two AB-type spectra, corresponding to the two orientations of the X nucleus. It can also be shown that the X part of the spectrum corresponds to the X nucleus undergoing a transition in the presence of an AB-like spin system. For weakly coupled systems, the four observed lines correspond to the four different orientations of the A and B nuclei. For a strongly coupled system, two additional lines may appear, the combination lines. The resulting six lines correspond to the four spin orientations, plus the two zero-quantum transitions. It is shown that these six lines are such that there is no net excitation of the AB-like spin system associated with the X transitions. There is no AB coherence created directly by a pulse applied to X. AB coherence is created as the system evolves, and this is responsible for many of the curious effects. This is shown to be true for all spin sub-systems, which are weakly coupled to a strongly coupled sub-system.Key words: NMR, strong coupling, second-order spectra, ABX spin system, combination lines, spectral analysis.

The Construction of New Proteins. II. Design, Synthesis and Conformational Studies of Folding Units with βαβ-Topology

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1315-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Mutter ◽  
Karl-Heinz Altmann ◽  
Thomas Vorherr
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Conformational Studies ◽  
Conformational Effects

The design, synthesis and preliminary conformational studies of two polypeptides exhibiting βαβ-type folding topologies are presented. In the design of the model peptides the general concept for the construction of new proteins developed in the preceeding paper was applied. According to this strategy, amphiphilic helices and β-sheets are linked together via hydrophilic loops to attain three-dimensional structures of higher order (‘supersecondary structures’). Com­puter-assisted molecular modelling served as a valuable tool for minimizing conformational con­straints within the molecules. The 38-residue peptide MI was synthesized using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as solubilizing polymeric support (‘Liquid-Phase synthesis'). Conformationally in­duced changes in the physico-chemical properties of the growing peptide chain stressed the significance of conformational effects in peptide synthesis reported earlier. Similar observations were made during the solid-phase synthesis of the 35-peptide MII. CD and IR spectroscopic studies revealed a high degree of secondary structure for both folding units. The present data strongly support the adoption of a three-dimensional structure for both models.

3D Numerical Simulation of Polydisperse Pressurized Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fede ◽  
O. Simonin ◽  
I. Ghouila
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Ethylene Polymerization ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Particle Segregation ◽  
3D Numerical Simulation ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The Mean

Three dimensional unsteady numerical simulations of dense pressurized polydisperse fluidized bed have been carried out. The geometry is a medium-scale industrial pilot for ethylene polymerization. The numerical simulation have been performed with a polydisperse collision model. The consistency of the polydisperse model predictions with the monodisperse ones is shown. The results show that the pressure distribution and the mean vertical gas velocity are not modified by polydispersion of the solid phase. In contrast, the solid particle species are not identically distributed in the fluidized bed indicating the presence of particle segregation.

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