scholarly journals Saponin Stabilization via Progressive Freeze Concentration and Sterilization Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4856
Author(s):  
Wan Nur Aisyah Wan Osman ◽  
Dineshraj Selvarajah ◽  
Shafirah Samsuri
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Snail Population ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Freeze Concentration ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Golden Apple Snail

Saponin is a biopesticide used to suppress the growth of the golden apple snail population. This study aims to determine the stabilized conditions for saponin storage. The maceration process was used for saponin extraction, and for saponin concentration, progressive freeze concentration (PFC) was used. Afterwards, stability analysis was performed by storing the sample for 21 days in two conditions: Room temperature (26 °C) and cold room (10 °C). The samples kept in a cold room were sterilized samples that undergo thermal treatment by placing the sample in the water bath. The non-sterilized samples were kept in room temperature condition for 21 days. The results showed that saponin stored in the cold room (sterilized sample) has low degradation with higher concentration than those stored at room temperature in stability analysis with the highest saponin concentration (0.730 mg/mL) at a concentration temperature of −6 °C and concentration time of 15 min. The lowest saponin concentration obtained by saponin stored at room temperature (non-sterilized sample) is 0.025 mg/mL at a concentration temperature of −6 °C and concentration time of 10 min. Thus, the finding concluded that saponin is sensitive to temperature. Hence, the best storage condition to store saponin after thermal treatment is to keep it in a cold room at 10 °C.

A Study on Modification Properties of Silicone Rubber Using Organic Filler from Golden Apple Snail Shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Sujirat Tepsila ◽  
Amnart Suksri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Hardness Property ◽  
Golden Apple Snail ◽  
Good Agreement

Silicone rubber room temperature vulcanization (RTV) is widely used as an insulator. This paper aims to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of RTV with organic filler from golden apple snail shells. The processed golden apple snail shells have the particle size of 75 μm. Specimen were made from silicone rubber with an addition of organic filler and inorganic filler for tested under ASTM D638-2a standard. The filler ratio was varying from 0 to 50% by weight with incremental of 5%. Experimental results showed that, there were good agreement in threshold of electrical and mechanical properties. RTV with the organic filler ratio of 40% out performed the inorganic filler in electrical aspect. Tensile strength of RTV was found to be increased when 5% addition of organic filler is used and decreases steadily as this filler is increased. The amount of filler has greater contribution to the hardness property of the RTV and it may become brittle when it is used in excessive amount.

Laboratory formation of border ice and frazil slush

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O'D. Hanley ◽  
B. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Steel Tank ◽  
Cylindrical Steel ◽  
Variable Speed Motor ◽  
Water Speed

Ice formation under controlled conditions was studied in a cold room using a cylindrical steel tank 120 cm in diameter and 76 cm deep. Paddles turned by a variable speed motor moved the water about the axis of the tank. Twenty-one thermistors were used to record temperatures above and below the surface of the water. Ice was allowed to form with the cold room temperature held at −2 °C, −5 °C, −10 °C, and −20 °C and with water speeds (measured 4 cm from the tank wall) from 0 to 73 cm/s.At zero water speed ice formed first as needles randomly oriented over the surface. With flowing water, border ice width increased linearly with time, but independently of water speed. The rate of increase of the border width w fits the equation dw/dt = (4/9)|Ta|0.68 where Ta is the Celsius air temperature.Frazil was never observed at water speeds less than 24 cm/s, but was always formed at this or greater speeds, regardless of cold room temperature. The volume of slush accumulated was greater at greater water speeds and at colder air temperatures. Observed slush volumes are compared with semiempirical values of the ice mass obtained from theoretical equations. The data suggest that growth of ice crystals began when the water was supercooled by approximately 0.02 °C.

Formation Mechanism and Chirality Evolution of Chiral Carbon Dots Prepared via Radical Assisted Synthesis at Room Temperature

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Branzi ◽  
Giacomo Lucchini ◽  
Elti Cattaruzza ◽  
Nicola Pinna ◽  
Alvise Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chiral Carbon

We report on a Cu(II) catalyzed process for the production of cysteine based chiral carbon dots, the process does not require any thermal treatment and the carbon dots formation is...

Inhibition of egg hatching with apple wax solvent as a novel method for controlling golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Der-Chung Wu ◽  
Jih-Zu Yu ◽  
Bing-Huei Chen ◽  
Chien-Yih Lin ◽  
Wen-Hsiung Ko
Keyword(s):  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Golden Apple Snail ◽  
Novel Method

Stability of dronabinol capsules when stored frozen, refrigerated, or at room temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (14) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wempe ◽  
Alan Oldland ◽  
Nancy Stolpman ◽  
Tyree H. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Minimal Reduction

Abstract Purpose Results of a study to determine the 90-day stability of dronabinol capsules stored under various temperature conditions are reported. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was used to assess the stability of dronabinol capsules (synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC] mixed with high-grade sesame oil and other inactive ingredients and encapsulated as soft gelatin capsules) that were frozen, refrigerated, or kept at room temperature for three months. The dronabinol capsules remained in the original foil-sealed blister packs until preparation for HPLC–UV assessment. The primary endpoint was the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC concentration remaining at multiple designated time points. The secondary aim was to perform forced-degradation studies under acidic conditions to demonstrate that the HPLC–UV method used was stability indicating. Results The appearance of the dronabinol capsules remained unaltered during frozen, cold, or room-temperature storage. Regardless of storage condition, the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC content remaining was greater than 97% for all evaluated samples at all time points over the three-month study. These experimental data indicate that the product packaging and the sesame oil used to formulate dronabinol capsules efficiently protect Δ9-THC from oxidative degradation to cannabinol; this suggests that pharmacies can store dronabinol capsules in nonrefrigerated automated dispensing systems, with a capsule expiration date of 90 days after removal from the refrigerator. Conclusion Dronabinol capsules may be stored at room temperature in their original packaging for up to three months without compromising capsule appearance and with minimal reduction in Δ9-THC concentration.

Pomacea maculata.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Cowie ◽  
Romi L. Burks ◽  
Amy E. Miller ◽  
Alexandria L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Pomacea Maculata ◽  
Golden Apple Snail ◽  
History Of

Abstract P. maculata is a freshwater snail native to a wide geographical area in South America from the Rio de la Plata in Argentina and Uruguay to the Amazon in Brazil. It is commonly confused with any number of similar large apple snails, including the well-known invasive golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (listed among '100 of the world's worst invasive species'). Both species have been introduced to South-East and East Asia, although for many years they were not distinguished and the Asian introductions were widely identified as "golden apple snails" and the name P. canaliculata was applied to them. Due to the confusion in species identification, the history of introduction of P. maculata remains somewhat uncertain as does its invasiveness and pest potential. Much of the literature is confounded, for example, the snails illustrated by Cowie (2002) as P. canaliculata are in fact P. maculata. The majority of invasive populations in Asia appear to be P. canaliculata, often not mixed with P. maculata (Hayes et al., 2008; Tran et al., 2008) and the pest potential of P. canaliculata in such cases is clear. However, much less has been written about the invasiveness and pest potential of 'P. maculata'.

Effects of B Vitamins, Liver and Yeast on Growth under Cold Room and Room Temperature Conditions

1948 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Smith ◽  
B. H. Ershoff ◽  
R. J. Winzler ◽  
H. J. Deuel
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Cold Room
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