scholarly journals Review: Veratrum californicum Alkaloids

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5934
Author(s):  
Madison L. Dirks ◽  
Jared T. Seale ◽  
Joseph M. Collins ◽  
Owen M. McDougal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Carcinoma Prostate ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Mountain Meadows

Veratrum spp. grow throughout the world and are especially prevalent in high mountain meadows of North America. All parts of Veratrum plants have been used for the treatment of ailments including injuries, hypertension, and rheumatic pain since as far back as the 1600s. Of the 17–45 Veratrum spp., Veratrum californicum alkaloids have been proven to possess favorable medicinal properties associated with inhibition of hedgehog (Hh) pathway signaling. Aberrant Hh signaling leads to proliferation of over 20 cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, prostate and colon among others. Six of the most well-studied V. californicum alkaloids are cyclopamine (1), veratramine (2), isorubijervine (3), muldamine (4), cycloposine (5), and veratrosine (6). Recent inspection of the ethanolic extract from V. californicum root and rhizome via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry has detected up to five additional alkaloids that are proposed to be verazine (7), etioline (8), tetrahydrojervine (9), dihydrojervine (10), 22-keto-26-aminocholesterol (11). For each alkaloid identified or proposed in V. californicum, this review surveys literature precedents for extraction methods, isolation, identification, characterization and bioactivity to guide natural product drug discovery associated with this medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Daturaquids at Pinwheel Cave, California, provide unambiguous confirmation of the ingestion of hallucinogens at a rock art site

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (49) ◽  
pp. 31026-31037
Author(s):  
David W. Robinson ◽  
Kelly Brown ◽  
Moira McMenemy ◽  
Lynn Dennany ◽  
Matthew J. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
Datura Wrightii ◽  
The World ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scanning Electron

While debates have raged over the relationship between trance and rock art, unambiguous evidence of the consumption of hallucinogens has not been reported from any rock art site in the world. A painting possibly representing the flowers ofDaturaon the ceiling of a Californian rock art site called Pinwheel Cave was discovered alongside fibrous quids in the same ceiling. Even though Native Californians are historically documented to have usedDaturato enter trance states, little evidence exists to associate it with rock art. A multianalytical approach to the rock art, the quids, and the archaeological context of this site was undertaken. Liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC-MS) results found hallucinogenic alkaloids scopolamine and atropine in the quids, while scanning electron microscope analysis confirms most to beDatura wrightii. Three-dimensional (3D) analyses of the quids indicate the quids were likely masticated and thus consumed in the cave under the paintings. Archaeological evidence and chronological dating shows the site was well utilized as a temporary residence for a range of activities from Late Prehistory through Colonial Periods. This indicates thatDaturawas ingested in the cave and that the rock painting represents the plant itself, serving to codify communal rituals involving this powerful entheogen. These results confirm the use of hallucinogens at a rock art site while calling into question previous assumptions concerning trance and rock art imagery.

scholarly journals 1H-NMR and LC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Amaranthus spp.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Nolitha Nkobole ◽  
Gerhard Prinsloo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Amaranthus Spp ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Amaranthus crops are important for their use as food and nutritional sources, as well as for their medicinal properties. They are mostly harvested from the wild, and cultivation of Amaranthus species is still rare, and therefore, attempts are being made to commercialize and market this important crop. This research investigated the effect of cultivation and environment on the chemical profile of both cultivated and wild A. cruentus and A. hybridus by multivariate statistical analysis of spectral data deduced by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Furthermore, wild samples of A. cruentus and A. hybridus were subjected to Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) for further analysis. Through NMR analysis, it was found that maltose and sucrose increased in both cultivated A. cruentus and A. hybridus. Moreover, the amino acid, proline was present in cultivated A. cruentus in high quantity whereas, proline and leucine were prominent in A. hybridus. Other compounds that were found in both wild and cultivated A. cruentus and A. hybridus are trehalose, trigonelline, lactulose, betaine, valine, alanine, fumarate, formate and kynurenine. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of rutin, 2-phenylethenamine and amaranthussaponin I in both wild A. cruentus and A. hybridus, while chlorogenic acid was identified only in cultivated A. hybridus. On the contrary, L-tryptophan, kaempferol, phenylalanine and quercetin were detected only in wild A. cruentus. Amaranth is not only rich in macro and micronutrients, but the leaves also contain phytochemicals that vary between species and cultivated plants, and might, therefore, affect the medicinal properties of the material.

scholarly journals GC-MS Analysis of the Ethanolic Extract of the whole Plant Drosera indica L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Asha ◽  
S. Priyanga ◽  
S. Hemmalakshmi ◽  
K. Devaki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Benzene Dicarboxylic Acid

Aim: The present study is carried out to explore the phytoconstituents present in the ethanolic extract of the whole plant Drosera indica L. by GC-MS analysis. Methods: The ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Drosera indica L. is used for the GC-MS analysis. JEOL GCMATE II GC-MS (Agilent Technologies 6890 N Network GC system for gas chromatography) is used for the analysis. The compounds are identified by the gas chromatography coupled with the mass spectrometry. The molecular weight and structure of the compounds of test materials are ascertained by interpretation of the mass spectrum of GC-MS using the database of National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST). Results: GC-MS analysis of Drosera indica L. reveal the presence of the nine biological active compounds which include phytol, 4 methyl-4-nonadecene, 4 ’ ,5,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone,1,2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid, bis [2-methyl propyl] ester, Tetra decanoic acid, Eicosane, 2,6,10,14,18–pentamethyl, Tetracosane, Lochnerine and methyl–n-hexadecylketone. Conclusion: The results specify that the ethanolic extract of the whole plant, Drosera indica contains various bioactive compounds and therefore has various medicinal properties which can be used for the treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals Untargeted metabolite profiling on the water-soluble metabolites of edible bird's nest through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-316
Author(s):  
Shi-Ruo Tong ◽  
Ting-Hun Lee ◽  
Soon-Keng Cheong ◽  
Yang-Mooi Lim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Edible Bird’S Nest ◽  
Untargeted Metabolite Profiling

Background and Aim: Edible bird's nest (EBN) is the nutrient-rich salivary bioproduct produced by swiftlets in Southeast Asia. Currently, researchers are exploring the therapeutic effects of EBN, such as cell growth promotion, antioxidant content, antiviral effects, bone strengthening, eyes care, and neuroprotection bioactivities. The therapeutic effects of EBN have been studied through different extraction methods but the metabolites profile of the EBN in each extract has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to profile the water-soluble metabolites of EBN prepared in different extraction methods. Subsequently, an extraction method will be selected as an ideal extraction method for untargeted metabolite profiling on the water-soluble metabolites in EBN. Materials and Methods: In this study, water-soluble metabolites of EBN extracted by the four extraction methods were subjected to metabolite profiling through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The extraction methods were acid extraction(ABN), pancreatic extraction (EzBN), eHMG extraction, and spray drying of HMG extraction (pHMG). The metabolite profiles, such as the number of metabolites and their identities in each extraction method, were evaluated through LC-MS analysis. Results: The identity of metabolites present in the four extraction methods is inconsistent. Based on LC-MS analysis, only one and six metabolites were extracted differently through EzBN and ABN, respectively, in the first pre-screening. Through the second LC-MS screening on pHMG and eHMG extraction methods, eHMG was selected as an ideal extraction method due to the highest numbers of water-soluble metabolites with an amount of 193 was detected. Besides, eHMG extraction method was able to extract sialic acid and a high percentage of secondary metabolites. Conclusion: This study suggests that eHMG is the ideal extraction method for extracting higher number of water-soluble metabolites from EBN and could be further developed as an extraction method for industry application. In addition, this study also has identified the types of primary and secondary metabolites present in EBN.

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