Xanthosaponins A and B, two unusual steroidal saponins with an unprecedented 16,17-seco-cholestane skeleton from Solanum xanthocarpum and their cytotoxic activities

Xanthosaponins A (1) and B (2), two unusual steroidal saponins with the 16,17-seco-cholestane new carbon skeleton were isolated from the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum. The structures of all isolated compounds...

ANTI-PYRETIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OFSOLANUM XANTHOCARPUM BERRIES IN SUITABLE ANIMAL MODELS

Background: Use of traditional medicines for treating various diseases have become a topic of global importance because of their safety, less side effects and cost-effectiveness. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum berries (SXB) in suitable animal models. Methods: Anti-pyretic activity was assessed by dried yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats. Three doses of the plant extract (500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg) prepared by dissolving the drugs in 2% gum acacia were used. Paracetamol 33 mg/kg and aspirin 100 mg/kg were used as standard drugs for anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activity respectively. Vehicle served as a control drug. Results: Acute toxicity study results demonstrated no mortality of animals after 24 hours. The aqueous extract of the plant significantly decreased the rectal temperature of the rats and significantly prevented increase in volume of paw oedema. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum berries exerts its anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activity activity. However, further studies with the plant are required to evaluate the dose dependent activity and also to determine the active principle responsible for exact mechanism for both antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTO-PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF Solanum xanthocarpum Serb. & Wendl.

Medicinal plants are the backbone of Traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda and Siddha. Solanum xanthcarpum (Solanaceae) (SX) is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in Ayurvedic Pharmacopia. Me- dicinal plants have been of age-long remedy for human diseases because they contain components of therapeutic value. Plants are rich sources of ecologically developed secondary metabolites, which are potential remedies for different ailments. Kantakari (SX) of the family Solanaceae is one of the ‘dasamoola' and widely used drugs in Ayurveda. Dasamoola means a combination of ten plant roots together. It comprises roots of five big or major trees (Brihat panchmoola) and roots of five small trees or major herbs (Laghu panchmoola). Various studies indicated that SX contains steroidal glycoalkaloid solasodine, β-solamagrine and solasonine. The indigenous uses of plants also indicate anti-inflammatory, Antispermatogenic, Antidiabetic, Antiasthmatic, Molluscidal activity, useful in in- fantile atopical dermatitis, Cytoprotective, anticancer, insecticidal, insect repellent properties and diuretic activities. Therefore, the present investigation was intended to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical characters of this plant. The data and results of Phytochemical studies in the present study would facilitate discovery for the synthesis of more potent drugs. Keywords: Solanum xanthocarpum, Dasamoola, ethnobotanical uses, pharmacognosy, pharmacological activities,

Variation for caffeic acid and phenolic content in different plant parts of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. – a commercially important dashmool species

Background Environmental factors have profound effect on quantity vis-a-vis quality of phytochemicals in medicinal plants. Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. is among the 10 dashmool species which is utilized in more than hundreds of Ayurvedic preparations including ‘Dashmoolarishta’. Phenolics are the pharmacologically valuable compounds. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the total phenolic (TP) and Caffeic acid (CA) contents in four different plant parts i.e., leaves, fruits, stem and roots of S. xanthocarpum sampled randomly from different locations of Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state. Methods Plant samples were collected from 99 places of 29 districts falling in 11 agroclimatic regions of Madhya Pradesh through random sampling. UV-VIS spectrophotometer and HPTLC were used to determine TP and CA contents, respectively. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Results Preliminary phytochemical screening indicates the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids in all plant parts. Quantification of TP and CA contents revealed that both varied significantly between agroclimatic zones as well as within plant parts of S. xanthocarpum. Results revealed that among analysed plant parts, roots and stem harbored highest content of CA while fruits and leaves had the highest TP content. Among agroclimatic regions, accessions of Satpura plateau can be considered rich in CA and TP contents for fruits (0.030%; 28.70 mg CE/g), leaves (0.058%; 27.90 mg CE/g) and roots (0.161%; 5.17 mg CE/g). For stem, highest CA (0.100%) and TP (13.23 mg CE/g) contents were observed in samples of Malwa Plateau and Central Narmada Valley, respectively. Conclusion We conclude that agroclimatic regions have significant effect on studied phytochemicals and Satpura plateau agroclimatic zone may be targeted for conservation and sustainable utilization of this valuable dashmool species if the target plant parts are fruits, leaves and roots. While, Malwa Plateau and Central Narmada Valley zones may be targeted for stem. Further, fruits and roots may be utilized for extraction of TP compounds and CA respectively.

Solanum xanthocarpum and Acacia catechu Willd- An Ayurvedic Soothe: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Periodontitis is mainly a microbial disease which commences on accumulation of plaque. Conventional mechanical therapy comprising of scaling in addition to chemical plaque control offers greater benefits to reduce plaque and associated gingivitis. Hence, in our study we have considered the use of relatively safe herbal compounds as an adjunct to scaling. Aims & Objectives of the study were, 1.To assess the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of two herbal mouthrinses (Solanum xanthocarpum and Acacia catechu Willd) and 2. Compare the efficacy of herbal mouthrinses with Chlorhexidine (Gold standard). Methods: A total of 75 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe gingivitis were randomly assigned to 3 groups. The three groups were group A, Chlorhexidine mouthrinse, group B Solanum xanthocarpum mouthrinse and group C, Acacia catechu mouthrinse. This was a triple blinded study where random allocation was done by coin method. After scaling the clinical parameters namely plaque index, gingival index and sulcus bleeding index were recorded for all the three groups. Individuals were instructed to rinse with their respective mouthwash twice daily. The PI, GI and Sulcus Bleeding Index were recorded at baseline, 14th day and 21st day. Results: There was statistical significant difference in three groups in relation to GI, PI and SBI indices. Group C showed statistically significant difference in all the parameters. Conclusion: Acacia catechu and Solanum xanthocarpum were effective as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. Acacia catechu showed better results than Chlorhexidine.

A Study of Corrosion Combating Efficacy of Leaves and Stem Extract of Naturally Occurring Plants Solanum xanthocarpum and Salvodera persica on Aluminium in 2N HCl Solution

Weight loss and gasometric methods have been used to study the inhibiting effect of extract of leaves and stem of Solanum xanthocarpum and Salvodera persica on the corrosion of aluminium in 2N HCl solution was evaluated. The results indicated that the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased on increasing plant extract concentration. Percentage inhibition efficiencies obtained from weight loss were reasonably in good agreement with those obtained from gasometric method. The analysis of data shows that combating efficacy of Salvodera persica is more than that of solanum xanthocarpum. However leaves extract of Salvodera persica show more combating power than stem extract of salvodera persica.