scholarly journals Persistence Enhancement of a Promising Tick Repellent, Benzyl Isothiocyanate, by Yeast Microcarriers

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6817
Author(s):  
Hui-Ju Kim ◽  
Ah-Hyeon Jeong ◽  
Ji-Hoon Lee ◽  
Jun-Hwan Park
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Phenyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Benzyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Different Doses

Phenethyl isothiocyanate isolated from Armoracia rusticana root oil and its derivatives were tested at different doses in a bioassay designed to evaluate repellency against individual Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs. Among the tested compounds, benzyl isothiocyanate exhibited repellency against H. longicornis nymphs at the lowest dose of 0.00625 mg/cm2, followed by phenethyl isothiocyanate (0.0125 mg/cm2) and phenyl isothiocyanate (0.025 mg/cm2). The behavioral responses of H. longicornis nymphs exposed to benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate indicated that the mode of action of these compounds can be mainly attributed to the vapor phase. Encapsulated benzyl isothiocyanate showed repellency up to 120 min post-application at 0.1 mg/cm2, whereas pure benzyl isothiocyanate showed repellency up to 60 min post-application at 0.1 mg/cm2. The present study suggests that benzyl isothiocyanate is a potential repellent for protection against H. longicornis nymphs, and encapsulation in yeast cells may enhance the repellency effect.

scholarly journals Yeast Chemogenetic Screening as a Tool to Unravel the Antifungal Mode of Action of Two Selected Selenocyanates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfraz ◽  
Nasim ◽  
Jacob ◽  
Gruhlke
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Organoselenium Compounds ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutants ◽  
Wide Range

During recent decades, selenium-containing compounds, as with the chemically similar sulfur-containing compounds, have gained considerable interest as cytotoxic and anticancer agents. Selenocyanates represent a well-established class of organic selenium compounds. These agents exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Classically, selenocyanates may cause an increase in the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exert cytotoxic activities, thus, acting as pro-oxidants. In this study, chemogenetic profiling was carried out to decipher the resistance mechanisms as central part of the antifungal mode of action against two selected selenocyanates. If a mutant line is less resistant against a compound compared to the wildtype, the gene deleted in that strain seems to be correlated with the resistance. Yeast mutants carrying gene deletions for specific redox-related protein function were employed in the chemogenetic screening. The results of screening reveal the hypersensitivity of mutants carrying deletions for glutathione pool and metabolism. To confirm the results, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in glutathione were subjected to various concentrations of selenocyanates to observe their effects on mutants and the wildtype. A significant dose dependent inhibition in Arabidopsis mutants compared to the wildtype confirmed the findings of the chemogenetic screening. The data suggest that the two representatives of organoselenium compounds cause oxidative stress in yeast cells and glutathione participates towards the development of resistance against the chemicals.

scholarly journals Effects of benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate on benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and DNA adduct formation in the A/J mouse

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1711-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina R.K. Sticha ◽  
Marianne E. Staretz ◽  
Mingyao Wang ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Patrick M.J. Kenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adduct Formation ◽  
Dna Adduct ◽  
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Benzyl Isothiocyanate

scholarly journals Experimental study of neuropharmacological profile of Euphorbia pulcherrima in mice and rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kundan Kr Singh ◽  
Gajendra P Rauniar ◽  
Himal Sangraula
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Different Doses

ABSTRACT Context: Euphorbia pulcherrima (EP) belongs to the family: Euphorbiaceae and Genus: Euphorbia. Many species of Euphorbia have been reported as having beneficial properties like anticonvulsive effect, central analgesic properties, antipyretic action, central depressant action and strong sedative effect. However, little study has been done and published on EP. Aims: To observe and evaluate various neuropharmacological effects like antinociceptive effect, anticonvulsant effect, motor in-coordination, pentobarbital induced sleeping time and behavioral responses of EP in mice and rats. Setting and Design: Quantitative experimental study in mice and rats by various experimental models. Materials and Methods: Different experimental models were used to assess the antinociceptive effect (hotplate, tail flick and acetic acid induced writhing test), anticonvulsant effect (Maximal Electroshock Seizure test [MES] and Pentylenetetrazole induced seizures [PTZ]), motor in-coordination effect (Rota rod test), pentobarbital induced sleeping time and behavioral responses of EP in mice and rats after oral administration of EP crude dried extracts in three different doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). Statistical Analysis Used: The significance of difference with respect to control was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. A probability (P-value) level less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In MES test model, duration of tonic hind limb extension in mice treated with EP was significantly less as compared to vehicle treated group. EP was most effective in a dose of 1000 mg/kg. There was also significant increase in the latency and decrease in the incidence of convulsions with the use of EP in three different doses in PTZ induced seizure model. Conclusions: This study showed EP (crude dried) extracts to possess anticonvulsant properties but no effect on motor co-ordination and anxiety.

Benzyl Isothiocyanate and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Inhibit Adipogenesis and Hepatosteatosis in Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (25) ◽  
pp. 7136-7146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ting Chuang ◽  
Yun-Ta Liu ◽  
Chin-Shiu Huang ◽  
Chia-Wen Lo ◽  
Hsien-Tsung Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Benzyl Isothiocyanate

Flame-Retarding Plastics and Elastomers with Melamine

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Weil ◽  
Veena Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Patent Literature

Melamine has shown broad utility as a flame retardant in plastics although its commercial use to date as a flame retardant additive has been principally in coatings and flexible urethane foams. Its mode of action appears to involve endothermic sublimation and vapor-phase dissociation, but it also undergoes conversion to non-volatile products and ammonia. Combinations of melamine with other flame retardants of all types have been reported as hav ing advantageous performance. The present review covers the patent and non- patent literature with 130 references.**

scholarly journals Anti-hyperglycaemic and Mode of Action of Thaumatococcus danielli (BENN.) BENTH Ethanol Leave Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Folorunsho A. Ajayi ◽  
Olubukola. S. Olorunnisola ◽  
Adewale. Adetutu ◽  
Folashade G. Olorunfemi ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Uptake Inhibition ◽  
Enzymatic Glycosylation

Thaumatococcus danielli (Benn.) Benth, a member of the Maranthaceae family has continued to be of immense benefit to the people in the tropics especially in Nigeria. The leaf is widely used among the “Yoruba’s” as a wrapping leaf and for the management of diabetes mellitus. Aim: This study, evaluated the anti-diabetic and possible mode of action(s) of ethanol leaves extract of Thaumatococcus danielli using in vivo and in vitro approach. Methods: Diabetes was induced in Albino rats by administration of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg/b.wt, i.p). The ethanol leave extract of Thaumatococcus danielli (at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight was administered at single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 days. The possible mode of action of extract was assessed through in vitro inhibitory effect on alpha amylase, non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin and glucose uptake in yeast cell. Results: The results showed that the plant extracts demonstrated dose and time dependent reduction in blood glucose. The extract at 250 mg/kg /b.wt and 500 mg/kg/b.wt caused a significant percentage reduction (35.00%/42.04% and 42.16%/60.43%) in blood glucose when compared with the group treated with (25 mg/kg/b.wt) of the standard drug (30.51/40.88%) and the diabetic control (10.46%/-13.67%) on day 7 and day 14 respectively. Although, the extract demonstrated significant (p<0.05) dose dependent inhibitory effect on alpha amylase with an IC50 of 837.97 µg/ml, its activity was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the standard Acarbose. Conversely, the extract showed stronger inhibition of non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin (87.51%) and enhance glucose uptake in yeast cells by 85.56% when compared with the standard drug Trolax and Metronidazole respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that Thaumatococcus danielli (Benth) leaves contain anti-hyperglycaemic agent (s) and its possible mode of action is by promoting glucose uptake, inhibition of non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin and alpha amylase activity.

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