scholarly journals Spotlight on the Life Cycle of Acrylamide-Based Polymers Supporting Reductions in Environmental Footprint: Review and Recent Advances

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Olivier Braun ◽  
Clément Coquery ◽  
Johann Kieffer ◽  
Frédéric Blondel ◽  
Cédrick Favero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Negative Impacts

Humankind is facing a climate and energy crisis which demands global and prompt actions to minimize the negative impacts on the environment and on the lives of millions of people. Among all the disciplines which have an important role to play, chemistry has a chance to rethink the way molecules are made and find innovations to decrease the overall anthropic footprint on the environment. In this paper, we will provide a review of the existing knowledge but also recent advances on the manufacturing and end uses of acrylamide-based polymers following the “green chemistry” concept and 100 years after the revolutionary publication of Staudinger on macromolecules. After a review of raw material sourcing options (fossil derivatives vs. biobased), we will discuss the improvements in monomer manufacturing followed by a second part dealing with polymer manufacturing processes and the paths followed to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In the following section, we will see how the polyacrylamides help reduce the environmental footprint of end users in various fields such as agriculture or wastewater treatment and discuss in more detail the fate of these molecules in the environment by looking at the existing literature, the regulations in place and the procedures used to assess the overall biodegradability. In the last section, we will review macromolecular engineering principles which could help enhance the degradability of said polymers when they reach the end of their life cycle.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Sishen Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Pengyu Xie ◽  
Xiaodan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Bike Share

Low-carbon transport system is desired for sustainable cities. The study aims to compare carbon footprint of two transportation modes in campus transit, bus and bike-share systems, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted for the four-campus (College Ave, Cook/Douglass, Busch, Livingston) transit system at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ). The life-cycle of two systems were disaggregated into four stages, namely, raw material acquisition and manufacture, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life. Three uncertain factors—fossil fuel type, number of bikes provided, and bus ridership—were set as variables for sensitivity analysis. Normalization method was used in two impact categories to analyze and compare environmental impacts. The results show that the majority of CO2 emission and energy consumption comes from the raw material stage (extraction and upstream production) of the bike-share system and the operation stage of the campus bus system. The CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system are 46 and 13 times of that of the proposed bike-share system, respectively. Three uncertain factors can influence the results: (1) biodiesel can significantly reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system; (2) the increased number of bikes increases CO2 emission of the bike-share system; (3) the increase of bus ridership may result in similar impact between two systems. Finally, an alternative hybrid transit system is proposed that uses campus buses to connect four campuses and creates a bike-share system to satisfy travel demands within each campus. The hybrid system reaches the most environmentally friendly state when 70% passenger-miles provided by campus bus and 30% by bike-share system. Further research is needed to consider the uncertainty of biking behavior and travel choice in LCA. Applicable recommendations include increasing ridership of campus buses and building a bike-share in campus to support the current campus bus system. Other strategies such as increasing parking fees and improving biking environment can also be implemented to reduce automobile usage and encourage biking behavior.

Energy Consumption and Environmental Benefits Valuation of Wood-Frame Architecture

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4425-4430
Author(s):  
Li Ping He ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Xue Ru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Wood Frame

The enormous consumption of resources and energy of construction industry results in severe environmental pollution. From both the views of energy consumption and environmental footprint, this article analyzed theoretically the energy consumption and environmental benefits on life cycle of wood-frame building, in order to determine the general impact on environment by appropriate building materials, so that some ideas for development of wood-frame architecture can be concluded.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment and cost analysis evaluation of a helicopter's canopy production using different manufacturing processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Andreas Loukopoulos ◽  
Christos Katsiropoulos ◽  
Spiros Pantelakis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Resin Transfer Moulding ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Cost Benefits ◽  
Transfer Moulding

In the present work, Life Cycle analysis (LCA) and Life cycle costing (LCC) models were developed in order to quantify the environmental footprint and cost and thus compare different manufacturing scenarios associated with the production of aeronautical structural components. To validate the models developed, they were implemented for the case of a helicopter's canopy processed by two techniques commonly used in aeronautics, namely the autoclave and the Resin Transfer moulding (RTM). The canopy was assumed to be made of a carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting material. Using the models developed the expected environmental and cost benefits by involving the RTM technique have been quantified.

Research on Carbon Calculation of Rural Roofing Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 961-965
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Lin Wang Li ◽  
Yan Lei Sun ◽  
Wei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Life Cycle Theory ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Roofing Materials

Based on the present situation of village building adopting the internationally recognized life-cycle theory, the life-cycle calculation model of carbon emission of rural roofing materials was put forward , the calculation boundary of carbon emissions was divided and the calculation parameters and calculation formula was determined. The result shows that: under reasonable assumptions, applying life cycle theory to carbon calculation of rural roofing materials is feasible. The rural roofing materials industry by improving production process to reduce energy consumption and selecting raw material in localization as far as possible can significantly reduce carbon emissions.

Sustainable Manufacturing Processes of Building Materials: Energy Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 1145-1149
Author(s):  
Saniye Karaman Öztaş
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Nonrenewable Resource ◽  
Transportation Energy

The increase of energy consumption has produced significant environmental impacts such as climatic change, acid rain, photo chemical smog formation, nonrenewable resource consumption etc. Considering the urgency of saving the world’s energy reserve and reduction of environmental impacts, studies on the energy consumption throughout the life cycle of building materials are crucial.In this study, it was aimed to indicate the factors which contribute the energy efficiency in manufacturing processes of building materials. The study included the energy used for raw material extraction, production energy for manufacturing of building materials, transportation energy and construction energy on site. A literature review was made. Energy use and efficiency for each process were evaluated.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DARI BUDIDAYA TEBU MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Arieyanti Dwi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Human Toxicity

ENGLISHMinimizing the adverse impact of sugarcane plantation can be carried out through many ways including increasing the efficiency of energy and natural resources consumption as well as improving the management of waste and emissions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to assess the environmental impact of sugarcane plantation without considering sugarcane usage as a raw material in the sugar industry (gate to gate). CML (baseline) was used as Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) method. This study aimed to: 1) examine the natural resources and energy consumption; 2) analyze and identify potential environmental impacts; and 3) recommend alternative improvements to reduce environmental impacts. It used primary data and secondary data. The results showed that: 1) natural resources were used to produce 16,097 ton of sugarcane or 1 ton of sugar, were land requirement (0.233 ha), water consumption (2,223.117 m3), and energy consumption (19,234.254 MJ); 2) there are five most potential environmental impacts which are analyzed by using openLCA including climate change (134,275.23 kg CO2 eq), eutrophication (120.24 kg PO4 eq), acidification (1.54 kg SO2 eq), photochemical oxidation (0.36 kg ethylene eq), and human toxicity (0.15 kg 1.4-dichlorobenzene eq); 3) alternative recommendation could be conducted by reducing the usage of inorganic fertilizer, and utilizing cane trash (dry leaves, green leaves, and tops) as boiler fuel for production process in sugar factory. INDONESIABudidaya tebu menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif tersebut melalui efisiensi konsumsi energi, konsumsi sumber daya alam (SDA), serta pengelolaan limbah dan emisi. LCA merupakan salah satu metode untuk menganalisis dampak lingkungan dari budidaya tebu tanpa mempertimbangkan penggunaan tebu panen sebagai bahan baku industri gula (gate to gate). Metode yang digunakan untuk LCIA adalah CML (baseline). Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk: 1) menghitung penggunaan SDA dan energy, 2) menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi potensi dampak lingkungan, dan 3) menyajikan rekomendasi perbaikan untuk menurunkan dampak lingkungan. Data penelitian berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Unit fungsional pada penelitian ini adalah produksi 1 ton gula untuk satu tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) konsumsi SDA berupa lahan tebu seluas 0,233 ha, air sebanyak 2.223,117 m3 dan energi sebesar 19.234,254 MJ; 2) potensi dampak lingkungan yang dianalisis menggunakan OpenLCA menghasilkan 5 dampak lingkungan tertinggi, yaitu climate change (134.275,23 kg CO2 eq), eutrophication (120,24 kg PO4 eq), acidification (1,54 kg SO2 eq), photochemical oxidation (0,36 kg ethylene eq), and human toxicity (0,15 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq); 3) alternatif perbaikan yang direkomendasikan berupa penggunaan pupuk anorganik dengan dosis yang tepat dan memanfaatkan limbah pasca pane n (daun kering, serasah) sebagai bahan bakar boiler untuk proses produksi industri gula.

scholarly journals RECYCLING TOWARD SUSTAINABLE PAVEMENT DEVELOPMENT:END-OF-LIFE CONSIDERATIONS IN ASPHALT PAVEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Babashamsi ◽  
Nur Izzi Md Yusoff ◽  
Halil Ceylan ◽  
Nor Ghani Md Nor
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Landfill Disposal

As quality aggregate sources are depleted, there is a growing importance given to incorporating recycled co-products and waste materials (RCWMs) in new and rehabilitated pavements. An ideal goal would be using recycled materials to create long-lived, well-performing pavement and then being able to use those materials again at the end of their life to create new pavement, thereby effectively achieving a zero-waste highway construction stream. This would not only produce distinct cost advantages, but it would also significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and eliminate the need for landfill disposal. Drawing from ISO standards and practices, this article reviews the recycling methods and definitions associated with the End-of-Life (EOL) phase and present various EOL considerations for asphalt pavements and the associated challenges to quantify EOL contribution in the pavement life cycle.

Analysis and Practice of Cleaner Production in a Wastepaper Papermaking Enterprise

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Mei Wang ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Ke Wu Pi ◽  
Lin Xia Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Production Solutions

Cleaner production is one of sustainable development approaches for wastepaper papermaking industry. Current situation of a wastepaper papermaking enterprise was analyzed, and it showed that the unit product energy consumption, pollutant generation had large cleaner production potential. 16 cleaner production solutions were generated through material balance analysis, advanced technologies collection, experts consultation and other ways. After the plans were carried out, 7.83% of pollutants were cut down, 7.62% of energy was saved, 1.57% of waste paper was reduced, 1.68% of dry fiber raw material was decreased, and 8.80% of reused industrial water increased equally. Cleaner production was an effective way for wastepaper papermaking industry to save energy, reduce energy consumption, reduce pollution, and increase benefit.

Carbon footprint and life cycle assessment of centralised and decentralised handling of wastewater during rain

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jes Clauson-Kaas ◽  
Birgitte Lilholt Sørensen ◽  
Ole G. Dalgaard ◽  
Anitha K. Sharma ◽  
Niels Bent Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Retention Basins ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Eu

The most widely used approaches for handling of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are: (1) storage in smaller retention basins and local decentralised treatment; and (2) storage in larger retention basins and treatment at a central wastewater treatment plant. This paper compares the environmental impact including carbon footprint for these two approaches using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, and provides a holistic view of how CSO is to be treated considering technical, economic and environmental issues. The analysis is based on the results of the EU-financed LotWater project and 9 years of operational data from wastewater treatment in Copenhagen. All technologies are analysed for handling of 1 m3 of CSO. However, costs are compared based on cost per reduced area. The study showed that decentralised treatment of CSO is the cheapest method and the power consumption for the decentralised treatment is five times less than that for central treatment of CSO. However, central treatment of CSO appeared to be most efficient in reducing discharge of nutrients and environmental toxics. The LCA showed that the largest environmental impacts from handling CSOs are eutrophication and aquatic ecotoxicity. This study concludes that focusing on global warming alone in the form of reduced energy consumption could result in negative impacts on recipient waters.

Combined quantity management and biological treatment of sludge liquor at Hamburg's wastewater treatment plants - first experience in operation with the Store and Treat process

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
F. Laurich
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

Store and Treat (SAT) is a new concept for the management of ammonium-rich process waste aters at wastewater treatment plants. It combines the advantages of quantity management and separate biological treatment, whereby both operations are carried out in the same tank. Now the first full-scale application of that method was realized in Hamburg. As first experience shows the process can help to increase nitrogen removal and to reduce energy consumption.

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