scholarly journals Forensic Analysis and Identification Processes in Mass Disasters: Explosion of Gun Powder in the Fireworks Factory

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Maricla Marrone ◽  
Francesca Tarantino ◽  
Alessandra Stellacci ◽  
Stefania Lonero Baldassarra ◽  
Gerardo Cazzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Mass Disaster ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Dna Index ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mass Disasters ◽  
Identification Processes

A mass disaster is a situation that involves criticality between the number of victims and resources, in terms of both men and means, present on the site of an event that is mostly unexpected and sudden. In the multidisciplinary teams that intervene, the role of forensic pathologists, who are responsible for the direction and coordination of post-mortem operations, is central, and must remain so. The authors report the case of an explosion of a pyrotechnic artifice factory, as a result of which numerous victims and injuries are recorded. So, the team completed the autopsies and created a protocol to obtain biological samples (bones, blood, teeth, muscles), while the forensic pathologists contacted the families of the alleged victims and each provided a blood sample that was collected for the DNA. The geneticist, using the method of gene extraction and amplification, obtained the DNA from each bone, tooth, and muscle of blood taken from the victims and then compared it with that extracted from the blood samples of the relatives; the electropherograms showed at least one allele for each genetic marker of the “Combined DNA Index System” in common between the victims and the families, thus allowing to establish the identity of all the subjects involved in the event. Having established the identity of all workers, it was possible to determine their whereabouts in the environment at the time of the location of fires and explosions. The results of the various forensic analyzes (autopsies, genetic investigations and even traumatological investigations) have allowed us to validate a scientific method useful in all mass disasters even when any type of anthropological or forensic dental research is difficult.

Fire Deaths in the Glasgow Area: II the Role of Carbon Monoxide

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Anderson ◽  
A. A. Watson ◽  
W. A. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Advanced Coronary Artery Disease

In a study of fire deaths in the Glasgow area, 163 cases have been submitted to post-mortem pathological and toxicological examination. Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations were measured in blood samples from these fatalities and also from groups of non-fatal fire casualties, firemen and controls. The results showed that 85 per cent of the fatal cases had inhaled some carbon monoxide and death could be attributed to carbon monoxide poisoning in 52 per cent of the cases. There appeared to be no contribution to the toxicity of carbon monoxide from hydrogen cyanide, ethanol or the age of the victim but there was some evidence that advanced coronary artery disease may cause a lowering of the fatal threshold for carbon monoxide poisoning.

scholarly journals O PAPEL DO ODONTOLEGISTA ACERCA DA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE VÍTIMAS NOS DESASTRES EM MASSA/ The role of the dentist regarding the identification of victims in mass disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Souza Lopes ◽  
Emerson Filipe De Carvalho Nogueira ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Nogueira de Carvalho-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Post Mortem ◽  
Mass Disasters

Nos casos de Identificação de Vítimas por Desastres (IVD), o odontolegista possui fundamental importância na resolução de casos complexos. Existem metodologias que podem ser aplicadas nos casos de IVD, porém, em algumas situações, pode haver limitações como carbonização dos corpos ou a falta de familiares para a análise comparativa do DNA. Assim, a utilização de metodologias odontológicas como comparações de exames de imagem e arcada dentárias, papiloscopias, etc., é importante ferramenta para a correta identificação, fornecendo assim as informações necessárias para os casos judiciais e para a posterior devolução para os familiares. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo ressaltar a importância do Odontolegista na equipe de Perícia Forense. Para tanto, foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica não sistemática, utilizando como base de dados as plataformas PubMed, Scielo e ScienceDirect, sendo um total de 20 artigos. Através desta revisão, foi constatado que o odontolegista desempenha um papel fundamental na equipe da perícia forense, pois o mesmo realiza comparações Ante-mortem (AM) e Post-mortem (PM), através das radiografias, e pode fornecer uma reserva de DNA encontrada nos elementos dentários, não sendo restrito somente a comparação das arcadas dentárias. Foi constatado também que a perícia odontológica possui eficácia nos casos de IVD, principalmente quando associada a outros métodos como a análise de DNA.

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

Improving the questions we ask, with Psychology and Cognitive Conflict.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Buttliere
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Science In Society

Over the last decade, there have been many suggestions to improve how scientists answer their questions, but far fewer attempt to improve the questions scientists are asking in the first place. The goal of the paper is then to examine and summarize synthesize the evidence on how to ask the best questions possible. First is a brief review of the philosophical and empirical literature on how the best science is done, which implicitly but not explicitly mentions the role of psychology and especially cognitive conflict. Then we more closely focus on the psychology of the scientist, finding that they are humans, engaged in a meaning making process, and that cognitive conflict is a necessary input for any learning or change in the system. The scientific method is, of course, a specialized meaning making process. We present evidence for this central role of cognitive conflict in science by examining the most discussed scientific papers between 2013 and 2017, which are, in general, controversial and about big problems (e.g., whether vaccines cause autism, how often doctors kill us with their mistakes). Toward the end we discuss the role of science in society, suggesting science itself is an uncertainty reducing and problem solving enterprise. From this basis we encourage scientists to take riskier stances on bigger topics, for the good of themselves and society generally.

The Effect of Diversity and the Mediating Role of Elaboration on Multidisciplinary Greenhouse Gas Assurance Team Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erboon Ekasingh ◽  
Roger Simnett ◽  
Wendy J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Team Member ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Educational Diversity

ABSTRACT Greenhouse gas (GHG) assurance is increasingly used by companies as a means to increase stakeholder confidence in the quality of externally reported carbon emissions. The multidisciplinary nature of these engagements means that assurance is performed primarily by multidisciplinary teams. Prior research suggests the effectiveness of such teams could be affected by team composition and team processes. We employ a retrospective field study to examine the impact of educational diversity and team member elaboration on multidisciplinary GHG assurance team effectiveness. Results show that team processes such as sufficiency of elaboration on different team member perspectives significantly increases the perceived effectiveness of the teams. While educational diversity is not found to directly improve perceived team effectiveness, it is found to have a positive effect through increasing perceived sufficiency of elaboration. These findings have important implications for standard setters and audit firms undertaking GHG assurance engagements.

scholarly journals Sirenomelia: The role of post - Mortem diagnostic imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 101921
Author(s):  
A. Russo ◽  
A. Reginelli ◽  
M. Pignatiello ◽  
M. Montella ◽  
G. Toni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals The overlooked role of taphonomy in ecology: post‐mortem processes can outweigh recruitment effects on community functions

Oikos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-432
Author(s):  
Kiran Liversage ◽  
Jonne Kotta ◽  
Clarissa M. L. Fraser ◽  
Will F. Figueira ◽  
Ross A. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals Influence of sex and gonadal status of sheep on cortisol secretion in response to ACTH and on cortisol and LH secretion in response to stress: importance of different stressors

2002 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI Turner ◽  
BJ Canny ◽  
RJ Hobbs ◽  
JD Bond ◽  
IJ Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Gonadal Status ◽  
Major Mediator

There are sex differences in the response to stress and in the influence of stress on reproduction which may be due to gonadal steroids but the nature of these differences and the role of the gonads are not understood. We tested the hypotheses that sex and the presence/absence of gonads (gonadal status) will influence the cortisol response to injection of ACTH, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and isolation/restraint stress, and that sex and gonadal status will influence the secretion of LH in response to isolation/restraint stress. Four groups of sheep were used in each of three experiments: gonad-intact rams, gonadectomised rams, gonad-intact ewes in the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle and gonadectomised ewes. In Experiment 1 (n=4/group), jugular blood samples were collected every 10 min for 6 h; after 3 h, two animals in each group were injected (i.v.) with ACTH and the remaining two animals were injected (i.v.) with saline. Treatments were reversed 5 days later so that every animal received both treatments. Experiment 2 (n=4/group) used a similar schedule except that insulin was injected (i.v.) instead of ACTH. In Experiment 3 (n=5/group), blood samples were collected every 10 min for 16 h on a control day and again 2 weeks later when, after 8 h of sampling, all sheep were isolated and restrained for 8 h. Plasma cortisol was significantly (P<0.05) elevated following injection of ACTH or insulin and during isolation/restraint stress. There were no significant differences between the sexes in the cortisol response to ACTH. Rams had a greater (P<0.05) cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia than ewes while ewes had a greater (P<0.05) cortisol response to isolation/restraint stress than rams. There was no effect of gonadal status on these parameters. Plasma LH was suppressed (P<0.05) in gonadectomised animals during isolation/restraint stress but was not affected in gonad-intact animals, and there were no differences between the sexes. Our results show that the sex that has the greater cortisol response to a stressor depends on the stressor imposed and that these sex differences are likely to be at the level of the hypothalamo-pituitary unit rather than at the adrenal gland. Since there was a sex difference in the cortisol response to isolation/restraint, the lack of a sex difference in the response of LH to this stress suggests that glucocorticoids are unlikely to be a major mediator of the stress-induced suppression of LH secretion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document